Deck 9: Revolution

Question 1

What did populism in Latin America mean in the early twentieth century?

A) an organization calling for the election of popular presidents
B) the political party created by figures of local popular culture
C) a revolutionary group calling for the destruction of capitalism
D) a mass political movement led by charismatic leaders to win elections and bring social justice

Answer 1

a mass political movement led by charismatic leaders to win elections and bring social justice

Question 2

Which of the following statements best reflects Evita's ideas on the role of women in society?

A) Women and men are equal.
B) Women's highest aspiration should be marriage and motherhood.
C) Women should not be able to vote.
D) Women are more important than men.

Answer 2

Women's highest aspiration should be marriage and motherhood.

Question 3

Why did Guatemala become a major concern for the United States in the 1950s?

A) A military junta took power and established a communist government.
B) Two nationalist presidents implemented radical social reforms.
C) The United Fruit Company was not paying fair wages to workers on its banana plantations.
D) The Dulles brothers secretary of state, and chief of the CIA, respectively) had lost their investment in banana lands.

Answer 3

Two nationalist presidents implemented radical social reforms.

Question 4

Who is credited with the following quote: "I am one of you. And I haven't forgotten you. My glory is yours, too."

A) Father Torres
B) Juan Perón
C) Evita Perón
D) Isabel Perón

Question 5

Which was the most wealthy, industrialized, and urbanized country in Latin America by the mid-1950s?

A) Mexico
B) Argentina
C) Chile
D) Brazil

Question 6

The United States disliked Perón's government. Why was this the case?

A) because of his nationalist ideals
B) because he preferred to trade with Europe
C) because Perón was a Marxist
D) because Perón was not a religious person

Question 7

How did the United States react to the Bolivian revolution of the early 1950s?

A) by sending troops to overthrow the newly installed leftist government
B) by suspending economic and diplomatic relations with the new government
C) by arming a proxy force to fight a counter-revolutionary war
D) by constructively engaging the new regime and sending US aid

Question 8

The rise of populism in Latin America in the mid-twentieth century has its roots in which of the following?

A) rapid urbanization and rising social inequality in the midst of global economic depression
B) spread of Marxist literature throughout Latin America
C) increased manufacturing of consumer goods
D) the 1929 world crisis

Question 9

What do the governments of Juan Perón in Argentina and Getúlio Vargas in Brazil have in common?

A) Both pursued foreign investment.
B) Both ruled for the elites.
C) Both promoted national industrialization.
D) Both passed anti-labor laws.

Question 10

Where was Che Guevara born?

A) Uruguay
B) Cuba
C) Mexico
D) Argentina

Question 11

Which of the following did the populist movements identify as their enemies?

A) communists and socialists
B) the oligarchy and foreign economic interests
C) military dictators and nationalists
D) peasants and people of indigenous descent

Question 12

What sort of tactics did the nationalists of the postwar period adopt to win elections?

A) lobbying Congress
B) giving money to large landowners in exchange for their support
C) flying around the country to participate in huge rallies and making ample use of the radio
D) seeking foreign support

Question 13

Which was the most prominent characteristic of the Mexican Institutional Revolutionary Party PRI)?

A) that it never lost
B) that it was directly supported by the United States
C) that it remained true to the values of the Mexican Revolution
D) that it was only supported by people of indigenous descent

Question 14

Who was Raúl Prebisch?

A) a Latin American economist who supported US-foreign investment in Latin America
B) a Latin American who fought along with Che Guevara and Fidel Castro in Cuba, in 1958
C) a Latin American priest who created a community-based organization
D) a Latin American economist who defined Latin America's economic problems in terms of center and periphery

Question 15

Why did Marxist ideology rise among Latin American nationalists?

A) They were influenced by Soviet Russia.
B) They dreamed of a perfect future without inequality.
C) The Cuban Revolution played a role.
D) They found Marxist historical analysis very persuasive.

Question 16

Why was Perónism so popular among the masses?

A) It industrialized the Argentine interior.
B) Perón ruled the country with an iron fist.
C) It improved the living conditions of workers.
D) It declared war on the United States.

Question 17

What did Getúlio Vargas Brazil) and Juan D. Perón Argentina) have in common?

A) They were military dictators leading their respective countries during times of crisis.
B) They were popularly elected presidents who advocated the need for socialism.
C) They were highly popular political leaders who favored reforms to benefit workers and peasants.
D) They were political leaders who rejected nationalism but favored populism.

Question 18

Which statement best describes populism?

A) It is a leadership style focusing on the middle classes.
B) It refers to a popular political party.
C) It is a leadership style based in mass politics.
D) It is a doctrine that defines popular culture.

Question 19

Why were Latin Americans so disenchanted with the United States during the 1950s and throughout the Cold War?

A) because of US refusal to sell them sufficient quantities of cars and refrigerators
B) because American foreign aid went mostly to Europe
C) because of the excessive interest the United States had in coffee, bananas, and sugar
D) because of US control over ECLA and the OEA

Question 20

The Cuban Revolution deeply worried the United States because

A) it was based on Soviet Russia?-inspired Marxism.
B) it was unclear which side the new Cuban government would be on during the Cold War.
C) it was sponsored by the New York Times.
D) It could easily spread to Argentina through Che Guevara and Tania.

Question 21

What role did the Catholic Church play in the Cuban Revolution?

A) It financially supported the revolution.
B) The Church split. Some priests helped the revolution and others did not.
C) It played a fundamental role by aiding the revolutionaries.
D) It played no role.

Question 22

Did the Communist Party play a significant role in the revolution once Batista's regime had fallen?

A) No, it played no part at all.
B) Yes, it was fundamental to the success of the revolution.
C) It played a minor part.
D) The Communist Party sent troops and financial aid to support the Cuban Revolution.

Question 23

How did race relations change after the Cuban Revolution?

A) Black Cubans gained full legal equality in relation to whites after the revolution.
B) Nothing changed for black Cubans.
C) Blacks Cubans were discriminated after the revolution.
D) The revolution prohibited black Cubans from entering certain hotels and restaurants.

Question 24

Did the Communist Party play a significant role in the lead up to the overthrow of Batista?

A) It played no role at all.
B) It played a fundamental role.
C) It played a fundamental role at the beginning, but later stopped supporting the revolution.
D) It played a fundamental role by aiding the revolution and training the revolutionaries.

Question 25

What did the followers of "Liberation theology" believe in?

A) They believed that Catholicism was not the solution to the problems of the region.
B) They believed that existing power structures worked against the poor.
C) They believed that Latin American structures worked well.
D) They believed that communism was the answer to all Latin American problems.