Deck 9: Substance Use Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a substance use disorder (SUD)?

A)Alcohol related disorders
B)Caffeine related disorders
C)Inhalant related disorders
D)All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

In 2002 what percentage of English school children below the age of 11 reported having consumed alcohol?

A)61%
B)80%
C)25%

Answer 2

61%

Question 3

When one is addicted to a substance,the body:

A)Requires the substance to feel normal
B)Requires the substance to feel 'high'
C)Requires the substance to feel happy
D)Requires the substance to stay alive

Answer 3

Requires the substance to feel normal

Question 4

In the UK,how many drinks would a female 'hazardous drinker' typically consume per day?

A)3 or more standard drinks
B)5 or more standard drinks
C)7 or more standard drinks
D)10 or more standard drinks

Question 5

Which of the following is not a hallucinogen?

A)Cannabis
B)MDMA
C)LSD
D)Antibiotics

Question 6

Tolerance in substance dependence is defined by which of the following?

A)A need for markedly decreased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect
B)Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance
C)A relaxed attitude towards others drug use
D)A desire to socialise the act of drug taking

Question 7

In the UK,binge drinking in males is defined as the consumption of:

A)At least 8 units a day
B)At least 4 units a day
C)At least 10 units a day
D)At least 15 units a day

Question 8

A drug is a substance,other than food which may:

A)Give us energy
B)Relax us when nervous
C)Change our ways of thinking
D)All of the above

Question 9

In substance abuse,the term craving refers to:

A)The subjective drive that addicts have to use the substance
B)Overwhelming desire to get 'high'
C)Overwhelming desire to feel happy
D)Overwhelming desire to blot out reality

Question 10

Withdrawal in substance dependence is defined by which of the following?

A)Violent behaviour
B)The same (or closely related)substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms
C)Closet substance misuse
D)Becoming socially withdrawn

Question 11

In the US it has been calculated that which percentage individuals aged between 15-54 years had used illegal drugs,non-medical prescription drugs,or inhalants at some point in their lives?

A)51%
B)80%
C)11.4%
D)5)1%

Question 12

The DSM-IV-TR criteria for substance dependence includes:

A)The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended
B)There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use
C)A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance
D)All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following are characteristic of substance abuse?

A)Failure to meet many normal daily obligations because of the drug
B)Using the substance in ways which may be physically hazardous
C)Legal-problems resulting from behaviour caused directly or indirectly by the drug
D)All of the above

Question 14

Which statistic represents the percentage of UK males who have consumed a drink containing alcohol?

A)92%
B)65%
C)21%
D)72%

Question 15

Which of the following is not a stimulant?

A)Cocaine
B)Amphetamine
C)Caffeine
D)Phenylalanine

Question 16

In the UK,binge drinking in females is defined as the consumption of:

A)At least 6 units a day
B)At least 10 units a day
C)At least 2 units a day
D)At least 15 units a day

Question 17

Which of the following is not a sedative?

A)Opiates
B)Phosphates
C)Barbiturates
D)Analgesic

Question 18

The term psychological dependence is used when:

A)It is clear that the individual has changed their life to ensure continued use of the drug
B)Their activities are centred on the drug and its use
C)Leads to neglect of other important activities such as work,social and family commitments
D)All of the above

Question 19

In the UK,how many drinks would a male 'hazardous drinker' typically consume per day?

A)5 or more standard drinks
B)10 or more standard drinks
C)7 or more standard drinks
D)4 or more standard drinks

Question 20

Which statistic represents the percentage of UK females who have consumed a drink containing alcohol?

A)86%
B)92%
C)45%
D)72%

Question 21

Following withdrawal after extended heavy drinking over a number of years,the drinker may experience:

A)Delirium tremens
B)Saccadian dysrhythmia
C)Homeostasis
D)Leptokurtic reaction

Question 22

The rate of alcohol dependence in the general population at any one time is around:

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 23

What percentage of UK males report binge drinking at least once a month?

A)58%
B)73%
C)22%
D)96%

Question 24

Alcohol initially relaxes the individual by influencing the receptors associated with the neurotransmitter:

A)GABA
B)Acetylcholine
C)Serotonin
D)Dopamine

Question 25

A US national survey indicated what percentage of the US workforce was working with a hangover?

A)9)2%
B)3%
C)15.5%
D)1)6%

Question 26

Alcohol abuse has fewer symptoms than dependence,but can still have negative effects on daily life.Which of the following are features that may affect performance?

A)After effects of drinking
B)Intoxication while at work
C)Child care responsibilities
D)All of the above

Question 27

Which of the following are symptoms of delirium tremens?

A)Unpleasant hallucinations
B)Shaking
C)Muscle tremors
D)All of the above

Question 28

The lifetime prevalence rate for alcohol dependence and abuse is:

A)15%
B)25%
C)35%
D)45%

Question 29

A US national survey indicated that workplace alcohol use and impairment directly affected what percentage of the US workforce?

A)15%
B)65%
C)32%
D)41%

Question 30

Alcohol initially makes the drinker happy.It then acts as a depressant.This effect of alcohol is known as?

A)Biphasic
B)Bipolar
C)Biopic
D)Binomial

Question 31

What percentage of UK females report binge drinking at least once a month?

A)34%
B)65%
C)83%
D)21%

Question 32

In polydrug abuse,which percentage of alcohol abuse percentage are smokers?

A)80%
B)20%
C)35%
D)5%

Question 33

Alcohol dependence and abuse is frequently comorbid with a range of other psychological disorders,including:

A)Mood disorders
B)Anxiety disorders
C)Schizophrenia
D)All of the above

Question 34

Heavy drinking in women during pregnancy can cause foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).Which of the following abnormalities are found in babies born with FAS?

A)Heart problems
B)Stunted growth
C)Learning difficulties
D)All of the above

Question 35

Alcohol dependence is supported specifically by evidence of tolerance effects and withdrawal symptoms that develop within:

A)4-12 hours of restricted consumption
B)1-2 hours of restricted consumption
C)3-6 hours of restricted consumption
D)12-24 hours of restricted consumption

Question 36

The main constituent of alcohol is:

A)Ethyl alcohol
B)Lethal alcohol
C)Methyal alcohol
D)Benzo alcohol

Question 37

In substance abuse the term polydrug abuse refers to:

A)Abuse of more than one drug at a time
B)The use of artificially manufactured drugs
C)The abuse of placebos
D)The abuse of three or more drugs at the same time

Question 38

Longer-term negative physical effects of heavy alcohol consumption include:

A)Brain damage
B)Stomach ulcers
C)Early dementia
D)All of the above

Question 39

The consequence of vitamin and mineral deficiencies which can lead to dementia and memory disorders in alcohol abuse,is known as:

A)Korsakoff's syndrome
B)Smirnoff's syndrome
C)Helmert syndrome
D)Huynh-Feldt syndrome

Question 40

A US national survey indicated what percentage of the US workforce was working under the influence of alcohol?

A)1)6%
B)5%
C)10.3%
D)7%

Question 41

Which percentage represents the co morbidity of nicotine dependence with other psychiatric disorders?

A)55-90%
B)20-30%
C)30-40%
D)30-60%

Question 42

After alcohol,nicotine is the ????________ most widely used drug in the world:

A)Second
B)Third
C)Fourth
D)Fifth

Question 43

While the rate of smoking is gradually falling in developed nations,which of the following represents the rise per year in the developing world?

A)3)4%
B)10%
C)5)8%
D)15.7%

Question 44

In 2010,how many UK smokers reported that they wanted to give up?

A)Two thirds
B)78%
C)Just over half
D)27%

Question 45

In substance abuse the effects of dopamine released in the mesolimbic system is to:

A)Elevate mood
B)Decrease appetite
C)Enhance cognitive functioning
D)All of the above

Question 46

Which of the following represents the percentage of suicides in which alcohol appears to play an important role?

A)25%
B)35%
C)14%
D)5%

Question 47

Annual alcohol-related costs of crime and public disorder in the UK in 2003 were estimated at:

A)£7.3 billion
B)£1.2 million
C)£1.2 billion
D)£7.3 million

Question 48

Nicotine has a number of physical effects,including:

A)Increasing blood pressure and heart rate
B)Reducing self-reported stress levels
C)Reducing feelings of anxiety and anger
D)All of the above

Question 49

Which of the following are additional characteristics associated with nicotine dependence?

A)Smoking when ill
B)Smoking soon after waking
C)Smoking more in the morning than the afternoon
D)All of the above

Question 50

Evidence suggests that around 50% of those who start smoking in their adolescent years will go on to smoke for at least a further:

A)15-20 years
B)5-10 years
C)30-40 years
D)20-30 years

Question 51

Which of the following represents the number of regular smokers meeting the diagnostic criteria for nicotine dependence?

A)80-90%
B)20-30%
C)30-40%
D)60-70%

Question 52

Alcohol related costs to the UK National Health Service per annum are:

A)£1.7 billion
B)£1.7 million
C)£6.8 billion
D)£6.8 million

Question 53

Annual alcohol-related workplace costs in the UK in 2003 were:

A)£6.4 billion
B)£6.4 million
C)£1.2 billion
D)£1.2 million

Question 54

Growing evidence to suggest that nicotine has its effects by:

A)Releasing dopamine in the mesolimbic system of the brain
B)Releasing serotonin into the cerebellum
C)Releasing GABA into the hypothalamus
D)Releasing acetylcholine into the diencephalons

Question 55

Norstrom & Ramstedt (2005)found that per capita alcohol consumption in a country significantly predicted:

A)Mortality from liver cirrhosis and other alcohol-related diseases
B)Mortality from accidents and homicide
C)Death from suicide
D)All of the above

Question 56

Drink driving accounts for _________ of all road deaths in the UK:

A)20%
B)10%
C)15%
D)30%

Question 57

Abstinence or restricted access to nicotine produces a well-defined withdrawal syndrome.Which of the following are symptoms?

A)Dysphonic or depressed mood
B)Insomnia
C)Difficulty concentrating
D)All of the above

Question 58

In economic terms,alcohol-related problems cost the US economy around _________ in 1998:

A)$185 billion
B)$10 million
C)$270 million
D)$450 billion

Question 59

In the UK,accident and emergency attendance costs related to alcohol problems are estimated at:

A)35%
B)45%
C)25%
D)15%

Question 60

It is estimated that __________ of the adult global population smokes:

A)One third
B)One quarter
C)Two thirds
D)Three quarters

Question 61

The main effects of cocaine are caused by the drug:

A)Blocking the reuptake of dopamine in the brain
B)Blocking the reuptake of serotonin in the brain
C)Blocking the reuptake of acetylcholine in the brain
D)Blocking the reuptake of GABA in the brain

Question 62

Chronic use of cocaine may cause:

A)Changes in personality
B)Memory deficits
C)Increased risk of stroke
D)All of the above

Question 63

The reported calming effect of nicotine may be mediated by more basic psychological processes representing the reversal of the unpleasant abstinence or withdrawal effects experienced if the smoker has not taken nicotine in the recent past.This is known as the:

A)Nicotine addiction model
B)Nicotine deprivation model
C)Nicotine abstinence model
D)None of the above

Question 64

According to the World Health Organization (WHO)the lifetime prevalence rate of cocaine use in developed countries is:

A)1-3%
B)10-15%
C)5-10%
D)15-20%

Question 65

Cannabis use disorder is a risk factor for a number of other psychiatric disorders,including:

A)Schizophrenia
B)Panic disorder
C)Suicidal ideation
D)All of the above

Question 66

Amphetamines have their effects by causing the release of:

A)Dopamine and norepinephrine
B)Serotonin and norepinephrine
C)Norepinephrine and GABA
D)Dopamine and serotonin

Question 67

Which of the following are common forms are amphetamine?

A)Benzedrine
B)Dexedrine
C)Methedrine
D)All of the above

Question 68

Cocaine use by young adults aged 15-34 in the UK is around:

A)4%
B)10%
C)2%
D)20%

Question 69

Cannabis use can give rise to:

A)Feelings of relaxation
B)Sharpened perceptions
C)Panic
D)All of the above

Question 70

The THC content of street cannabis has risen over the past 30 years from 1-5% to:

A)12%
B)62%
C)10-15%
D)30-40%

Question 71

Risk factors for developing cannabis dependency include:

A)Late age of onset
B)Abstinence from smoking tobacco
C)Impulsivity and unpredictability of mood
D)A diagnosis of dyslexia during childhood

Question 72

In 2010 the annual prevalence rate for cannabis use was highest in:

A)Oceania
B)Central Africa
C)Central Europe
D)North America

Question 73

Smoking is a significant risk factor in:

A)Heart disease
B)Cancer of the pancreas
C)Cancer of the kidneys
D)All of the above

Question 74

According to Wesnes & Warburton (1983),smokers will feel the post-cigarette benefit of increased concentration and better cognitive performance due to?

A)CNS stimulant properties of nicotine
B)The behaviour reinforced ritual of smoking
C)The enforced cerebral rest of a cigarette break
D)Raising of Serotonin levels

Question 75

High doses of cocaine can cause cocaine intoxication.This may produce which of the following symptoms?

A)Impaired judgment
B)Psychotic episodes
C)Hallucinogenic episodes
D)All of the above

Question 76

Cocaine dependence occurs when the individual finds it difficult to resist using the drug.Evidence from animal studies that a single exposure to cocaine induces long-term changes in:

A)Dopamine neurons in the brain
B)Changes in Serotonin re-uptake
C)Changes in Frontal lobe activity
D)Changes in GABA levels in the hippocampus

Question 77

Legislation prohibiting smoking in workplaces and enclosed public areas was introduced in England in 2007.Which of the following have been seen as a result?

A)SHS exposure among children declined by nearly 20%
B)An increase in number of hospital admissions for cardiac problems
C)A statistically significant increase in the number of smokers making a quit attempt
D)All of the above

Question 78

When not taking cocaine,severe withdrawal symptoms can occur.These include:

A)Hypersomnia
B)Increased appetite
C)Negative and depressed mood
D)All of the above

Question 79

A long-term user of cocaine may well develop symptoms of other psychological disorders,such as:

A)Major depression
B)Social phobia
C)Eating disorders
D)All of the above

Question 80

In the early years of the 20th century,many viewed cocaine as a drug with many positive attributes.These included which 0f the following?

A)Pain relief
B)To reduce depression
C)Used in the original Coca-Cola recipe
D)All of the above