Deck 10: Eating Disorders

Question 1

Anorexia nervosa is usually associated with a number of biological symptoms which are effects of the self-imposed starvation regime.Which of the following is not a symptom of anorexia?

A)Tiredness
B)Dry skin and brittle hair
C)Hypothermia
D)High blood pressure

Answer 1

High blood pressure

Question 2

DSM-5 distinguishes two types of anorexia nervosa.One of these is Restricted Type anorexia nervosa in which self-starvation is not associated with:

A)Concurrent purging
B)Socialising
C)Body dysmorphic issues
D)Eating only certain food types

Answer 2

Concurrent purging

Question 3

In Bulimia nervosa,the purging sub-type,vomiting is the most common form of purging.What percentage of sufferers present with this type of purging?

A)80-90%
B)50-60%
C)15-25%

Answer 3

80-90%

Question 4

According to DSM-5 which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa?

A)A refusal to maintain a minimal body weight
B)A pathological fear of gaining weight
C)A distorted body image in which,even when clearly emaciated,sufferers continue to insist they are overweight
D)All of the above

Question 5

In Bulimia nervosa,individuals may indulge in excessive amounts of eating.According to Garfinkel,Kennedy & Kaplan (1995),how many bouts of overeating can occur in one week?

A)2-12
B)5-15
C)15-25
D)30-40

Question 6

Bulimia displays significantly fewer physical symptoms than anorexia.Which of the following is a common physical sign of bulimia?

A)Permanent loss of dental enamel as a result of regular induced vomiting
B)Swollen parotid glands
C)Menstrual irregularity
D)All of the above

Question 7

Bulimia nervosa has a typical onset in late adolescence or early adulthood,what percentage of those suffering from Bulimia are female?

A)80%
B)70%
C)90%
D)60%

Question 8

DSM-5 distinguishes two types of anorexia nervosa.One of these is Binge-Eating/Purging Type anorexia nervosa,in which self-starvation is associated with:

A)Not eating to help control weight gain
B)Not being bothered about weight gain
C)Regularly engaging in purging activities to help control weight gain
D)Eating only certain food types

Question 9

Bulimia is significantly more common that anorexia.What is the lifetime prevalence rate among women?

A)5-10%
B)2-4%
C)1-3%
D)15-20%

Question 10

What percentage of anorexia sufferers also meet diagnostic criteria for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)or Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)at some time during their life?

A)40-80%
B)10-27%
C)15-69%
D)50-75%

Question 11

As a result of a perceived lack of control over their eating behaviour,individuals with bulimia report which of the following?

A)High levels of self-disgust
B)Low self-esteem
C)High levels of depression
D)All of the above

Question 12

Mortality rates (including suicides)in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are still unacceptably high,ranging from:

A)10-15%
B)5-8%
C)15-20%
D)20-25%

Question 13

High rates of comorbidity exist between anorexia and other psychiatric disorders.Which of the following represents the percentage of anorexia sufferers who also have a lifelong diagnosis of major depression?

A)30-40%
B)50-68%
C)20-30%
D)70-80%

Question 14

High rates of comorbidity exist between bulimia nervosa and other psychiatric disorders.Which of the following represent the percentage of anorexia sufferers who also have a lifelong diagnosis of major depression?

A)50-60%
B)20-30%
C)36-63%
D)10-15%

Question 15

In Bulimia nervosa,the non-purging sub-type,in which of the following ways will the individual will compensate for binging?

A)Self harming
B)Excessive fasting
C)Controlling intake of certain food types
D)Withdrawing from social interaction

Question 16

Which of the following physical symptoms are commonly associated with Anorexia nervosa?

A)Lanugo
B)Amenorrhea the absence of menstrual cycles
C)Kidney and gastrointestinal problems
D)All of the above

Question 17

There is evidence for a strong link between bulimia and borderline personality disorders (BPD).Studies suggest what percent of women with bulimia meet the criteria for a personality disorder?

A)45-55%
B)20-30%
C)60-65%
D)33-61%

Question 18

According to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria,one of the objective levels for judging whether an individual should be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa is:

A)BMI ≥ 17 kg/m²
B)BMI 16-16.99 kg/m²
C)BMI 15-15.99 kg/m²
D)BMI < 15kg/m²

Question 19

The frequent comorbidity of bulimia with both personality disorders and substance abuse has led to the proposal that bulimia is part manifestation of a broader syndrome.This is known as:

A)Multiple personality disorder
B)Multi-impulsive syndrome
C)Multi-phasic disorder
D)Bipolar disorder

Question 20

DSM-5 cites the lifetime prevalence rate of anorexia nervosa for females at around:

A)0)5%
B)1%
C)1)5%
D)2%

Question 21

Recent studies have suggested that women would prefer their body shape to be around _________ than their current weight:

A)40Ibs more
B)20Ibs less
C)40Ibs less
D)15Ibs less

Question 22

Research suggests that eating disorders and body shape issues are influenced by:

A)Geographical factors
B)Religious factors
C)Cultural factors
D)Genetic factors

Question 23

In the adult population the prevalence rates for eating disorders is significantly higher in:

A)Male body builders
B)Athletes
C)Ballet dancers
D)All of the above

Question 24

In Bulimia nervosa,research has found low levels of:

A)Beta-endorphin
B)Alpha-dopamine
C)Beta-serotonin
D)Alpha-amphetamine

Question 25

Animal research has shown that lesions to which part of the brain can cause appetite loss resulting in a self-starvation syndrome?

A)Cerebellum
B)Amygdala
C)Lateral hypothalamus
D)Basal ganglia

Question 26

Polivy & Herman (2002)define body dissatisfaction as:

A)The gap between one's actual weight and that of your best friend
B)The gap between one's actual weight and childhood weight
C)The gap between one's actual and ideal weight and shape
D)The number of things you would like to change about your body

Question 27

Historically early examples of self-starvation appear to be explained by?

A)Religious factors
B)Spiritual factors
C)Hysterical paralysis
D)All of the above

Question 28

Which of the following two are factors in early developmental eating difficulties?

A)Infant speaking patterns
B)Infant play patterns
C)Parental eating habits
D)Infant sleeping patterns

Question 29

St.Catherine of Siena began self-starvation at the age of 16 years and continued until her death in 1380 (at the age of 32).Bell (1985)termed this as?

A)Anorexia nervosa
B)Religious fervour
C)Saintly anorexia
D)Holy anorexia

Question 30

Which of the following is considered to be a pre-natal risk factor for eating disorders?

A)Age
B)Demographics
C)Maternal health
D)Ethnicity

Question 31

Which of the following two early experiences are risk factors for eating disorders?

A)Physical neglect
B)Sexual experimentation
C)Premature potty training
D)Early school experience

Question 32

A biological account of both anorexia and bulimia suggests that self-starvation and maintaining a low body weight may be reinforced by:

A)Serotonin
B)Endogenous opioids
C)Endorphins
D)Dopamine

Question 33

Which of the following is a familial factor in the development of eating disorders?

A)Parental occupation
B)Parental attitudes to sex
C)Parental attitudes to education
D)Parental attitudes to weight

Question 34

Which of the following are dispositional factors in the development of eating disorders?

A)Low self-esteem
B)Perfectionism
C)Negative self-evaluation affect
D)All of the above

Question 35

The prevalence of binge-eating disorder in the general population seeking weight loss treatment can be as high as:

A)20%
B)10%
C)30%
D)50%

Question 36

Binge-eating disorder is associated with:

A)High levels of major depression
B)Impaired work and social functioning
C)Low self-esteem
D)All of the above

Question 37

The prevalence of binge-eating disorder in the general population is between:

A)5-10%
B)1-3%
C)15-18%
D)7-9%

Question 38

In the 17th century,a disorder characterised by large food intake followed by vomiting was termed as?

A)Fames canina
B)Bulimia nervosa
C)Vomitoria
D)Nuxcanina

Question 39

Recent studies have suggested that men would prefer their body shape to be around ________ than their current weight:

A)30Ibs heavier
B)30Ibs lighter
C)5Ibs heavier
D)5Ibs lighter

Question 40

According to community based twin studies,the heritability component of eating disorders is around:

A)40-60%
B)20-30%%
C)70-80%
D)10-20%

Question 41

Eating disorders are very much associated with which of the following?

A)Positive affect
B)Negative affect
C)Dysphemia
D)Dyslexia

Question 42

Steiger et al.(2000)found that childhood sexual abuse only facilitated bulimia in the presence of which of the following disorders?

A)Bipolar disorder
B)Post traumatic stress disorder
C)Borderline personality disorder
D)Panic disorder

Question 43

One particular form of adverse life experience that has been implicated as a risk factor in eating disorders is:

A)Childhood sexual abuse
B)Premature potty training
C)Early onset of menstruation
D)Prolonged bed wetting

Question 44

Which of the following occupations have been linked with body dissatisfaction and dieting?

A)Actors
B)Athletes
C)Ballet dancers
D)All of the above

Question 45

A characteristic which has regularly been implicated in the aetiology of eating disorders is:

A)Narcissism
B)Extraversion
C)Perfectionism
D)Introversion

Question 46

Self-help groups in Bulimia use structured manuals,and help the patient by:

A)Identifying triggers for bingeing
B)Requiring minimum practitioner management
C)Developing preventative behaviours for purging
D)All of the above

Question 47

Which percentage of anorexia sufferers have experienced a negative life experience within 3-months prior to the onset of the disorder?

A)25%
B)50%
C)14%
D)75%

Question 48

In Bulimia nervosa,purging may take over as a means of relieving which of the following?

A)Positive affect
B)Dysphemia
C)Dyslexia
D)Negative mood

Question 49

Which of the following characteristic has been found to be the best predictor of comorbidity across the anxiety disorders?

A)Perfectionism
B)Self esteem
C)Introversion
D)Narcissism

Question 50

In Minuchin's view,the families of individuals with eating disorders tend to show which of the following characteristics?

A)Enmeshment
B)Overprotection
C)Rigidity
D)All of the above

Question 51

Which of the following have been identified as personality traits that are characteristic of individuals with diagnosed eating disorders?

A)Perfectionism
B)Shyness
C)Neuroticism
D)All of the above

Question 52

In familial factors of eating disorders,which of the following are characteristics of enmeshment?

A)Parents are intrusive
B)Parents are over involved in their children's affairs
C)Parents are dismissive of their children's emotions and emotional needs
D)All of the above

Question 53

Dysfunctional family structure that actively promotes the development of eating disorders has been termed as?

A)Systemic dysfunction theory
B)Family systems theory
C)Familial theory
D)Fames canina

Question 54

Anorexia and bulimia are often comorbid with which of the following two disorders?

A)Major depression and OCD
B)Panic disorder and OCD
C)PTSD and OCD
D)Generalised anxiety disorder and OCD

Question 55

Evidence suggests that some form of intra-familial transmission of disordered eating patterns within families may influence eating disorders.Which of the following factors may be necessary to trigger the severe symptoms typical of a clinically diagnosable disorder?

A)Biological
B)Psychological
C)Experiential
D)All of the above

Question 56

Body dissatisfaction is likely to trigger bouts of:

A)Dieting
B)Purging
C)Binging
D)Shopping

Question 57

Which of the following is considered to be a difficulty encountered when treating eating disorders?

A)Individuals with eating disorders regularly deny they are ill or have a disorder
B)Individuals with severe eating disorders usually need medical as well as psychological treatment
C)Eating disorders are often highly comorbid with other psychological disorders which may make treatment difficult and complex
D)All of the above

Question 58

Laboratory-based studies that show that bulimia sufferers show a reduction in which of the following after a binge-purge episode?

A)Anxiety
B)Tension
C)Guilt
D)All of the above

Question 59

A prominent characteristic of individuals with eating disorders is:

A)Low self esteem
B)High self esteem
C)High levels of responsibility
D)Narcissism

Question 60

Certain personality traits have been identified as being characteristic of individuals with eating disorders.These traits include which of the following?

A)Low self-esteem
B)Negative or depressed affect
C)Dependence and non-assertiveness
D)All of the above

Question 61

The treatment of choice for bulimia is generally considered to be:

A)Family therapy
B)Psychodynamic therapy
C)Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
D)Humanistic therapy

Question 62

Which of the following historical figures appears to have suffered with symptoms of anorexia nervosa?

A)Mary,Queen of Scots
B)Joan of Arc
C)King George III
D)Ann Boleyn

Question 63

According to Fairburn's (1997)cognitive model of the maintenance of bulimia,self induced vomiting leads to which of the following?

A)Low self-esteem and binge eating
B)Binge eating and self harm
C)Strict dieting and self harm
D)Low self esteem and depressive episode

Question 64

In Bulimia nervosa,when effective,Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)reports immediate improvement,with _____ showing an improvement in the frequency of binge eating:

A)23%
B)42%
C)76%
D)51%

Question 65

There are three important eating disorders defined by DSM-5.Which of the following is not one such eating disorder?

A)Anorexia nervosa
B)Bulimia nervosa
C)Binge-eating disorder
D)Dementia praecox

Question 66

Which of the following might be considered important factors in the development of anorexia nervosa?

A)Sociocultural influences
B)Peer influences
C)Familial factors
D)All of the above

Question 67

There is evidence of an inherited component to eating disorders which may account for up to what percentage of the variance in factors causing these disorders?

A)10%
B)20%
C)50%
D)30%

Question 68

Because both anorexia and bulimia are frequently comorbid with major depression,eating disorders have tended to be treated pharmacologically with:

A)Antidepressants
B)Antipsychotics
C)Antibiotics
D)Antihistamine

Question 69

Which of the following is an important factor in determining an adolescent girl's attitudes to slimness and dieting?

A)Peer attitudes
B)Political attitudes
C)Cultural attitudes
D)Religious attitudes

Question 70

Prevention programmes exist that put eating disorders into a social context.School-based prevention programmes emphasise which of the following?

A)The role the media plays in developing extreme body shape ideals
B)The need for healthy,balanced eating
C)The need for individuals to develop positive rather than negative attitudes to their bodies
D)All of the above

Question 71

Which of the following are theories of the aetiology of anorexia nervosa?

A)Genetic factors
B)Role of brain structural deficits
C)Neuroendocrine dysfunction
D)All of the above

Question 72

Which of the following is one of the most common treatments for eating disorders?

A)Electro-convulsive therapy
B)Family therapy
C)Medication
D)Aversion therapy

Question 73

Which of the following make eating disorders particularly difficult to treat?

A)Denial by sufferers that they have a disorder
B)The medical implications of the symptoms
C)Comorbidity with other psychological disorders
D)All of the above

Question 74

According to Fairburn's (1997)cognitive model of the maintenance of bulimia,low self esteem leads to:

A)Concerns about weight
B)Strict dieting
C)Binge eating
D)Self induced vomiting

Question 75

In eating disorders more significant treatment gains are reported if antidepressant medication is combined with:

A)Physical exercise
B)Hospitalisation
C)Psychological treatments
D)Educational programs

Question 76

In the treatment of bulimia nervosa alternative delivery systems allow access to services for sufferers who might not receive other forms of treatment.These include treatment and support via:

A)Telephone therapy
B)E-mail
C)Computer-software CD-ROMs
D)All of the above

Question 77

In eating disorders which of the following stages of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)is required to deal with both the symptoms of bulimia and the dysfunctional cognitions that underlie these symptoms?

A)Meal planning and stimulus control
B)Cognitive restructuring to address dysfunctional beliefs about shape and weight
C)Developing relapse prevention methods
D)All of the above

Question 78

A recent family-based therapy for eating disorders is known as the:

A)Bethlem approach
B)Maudsley approach
C)Durham approach
D)Bristol approach

Question 79

In Bulimia nervosa,when effective,CBT also reports immediate improvement,with _______ showing improvement in the frequency of purging within 3 weeks of the start of treatment:

A)69%
B)29%
C)39%
D)49%

Question 80

According to research,females are ????________ more likely to develop an eating disorder than males:

A)Ten times
B)Twenty times
C)Thirty times
D)Twice