Deck 14: Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Question 1

The ester shown can be produced by heating together a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a trace of acid.What carboxylic acid and alcohol are needed?

A)propanoic acid and methanol
B)methanoic acid and isopropyl alcohol
C)2-methylpropanoic acid and methanol
D)acetic acid and 2-methyl propanol
E)2-methyl butanoic acid and methanol

Answer 1

2-methylpropanoic acid and methanol

Question 2

What is the name of the spherical particles formed in solution when specks of oil or grease are surrounded by soap molecules?

A)monomers
B)micelles
C)detergents
D)polymers
E)triglycerides

Answer 2

micelles

Question 3

The general structure of a soap molecule is shown below.The carboxylate "head" of the soap molecule is best described as which of the following?

A)hydrophobic
B)lipophilic
C)hydrophilic
D)nonpolar
E)polymeric

Answer 3

hydrophilic

Question 4

Long chain carboxylic acids are known as which of the following?

A)fatty acids
B)polymers
C)polycarboxylic acids
D)esters
E)poly acids

Question 5

What carboxylic acid is produced by the oxidation reaction shown? $\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CrO}_{4}}{\longrightarrow}\end{array}$

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH
B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 6

Hydrolysis of an ester produced the two organic products shown.What is the structure of the original ester?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 7

What type of organic compound is produced in the reaction below? carboxylic acid + alcohol H₂O + ?

A)ester
B)enol
C)carboxylate salt
D)anhydride
E)acetal

Question 8

Which statement concerning the compound ethanoic acid is FALSE?

A)It contains a carboxyl group.
B)Its condensed structure is CH₃CH₂COOH.
C)Its common name is acetic acid.
D)It contains two carbons.
E)It is a very polar compound.

Question 9

Which of the following compounds would have the greatest solubility in water?

A)

B)

C)

D)HOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
E)All would have the same solubility.

Question 10

Which term is used to describe the hydrolysis of an ester by an aqueous base?

A)esterification
B)isomerization
C)enolization
D)tautomerization
E)saponification

Question 11

What organic product is formed in the neutralization of benzoic acid?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 12

Which of the following is a generic acyl group?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 13

What product is formed when cinnamaldehyde is oxidized? $\stackrel { [ \mathrm { O } ] } { \longrightarrow }$

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 14

Which of the following is the condensed formula for a generic carboxylic acid?

A)RCOH
B)ROOC
C)RCOOR
D)RCOOH
E)RCOHO

Question 15

What is the name of the functional group found in all carboxylic acids?

A)acetal group
B)enol group
C)carboxyl group
D)carbinol group
E)hemiacetal group

Question 16

What product,in addition to methanol,is produced in the hydrolysis of methyl ethanoate?

A)ethanol
B)ethanal
C)ethanone
D)ethanoic acid
E)formic acid

Question 17

When a carboxylic acid dissolves in water,the ion shown below is formed.What is the name of this type of ion?

A)enolate ion
B)acyl anion
C)carboxylate anion
D)oxalate ion
E)acetate ion

Question 18

Which equation best represents the dissociation of propanoic acid in water?

A)
$\rightleftharpoons$ $+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}$
B)
$\rightleftharpoons$ $+\mathrm{OH}^{-}$
C)
$\longrightarrow$ $+\mathrm{H}^{+}$
D)

E)

Question 19

What two compounds will react to produce hexyl acetate when heated together in the presence of a trace of acid?

A)hexane and ethanol
B)hexene and acetic acid
C)ethanol and hexanoic acid
D)hexanol and acetic acid
E)hexane and acetic acid

Question 20

What is the IUPAC name for the missing product in the following equation? propanoic acid + ethanol H₂O + ?

A)propyl ethanoate
B)propyl acetate
C)ethyl propate
D)ethyl propanoate
E)ethyl propanoic acid anhydride

Question 21

What carboxylic acid is produced in muscle cells during strenuous exercise?

A)adipic acid
B)citric acid
C)oxalic acid
D)lactic acid
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 22

What is the common name of the following compound?

A)acyl anhydride
B)methyl anhydride
C)acetic anhydride
D)diethyl anhydride
E)formic anhydride

Question 23

The contents on the bottle of a hand lotion lists octyl palmitate as an ingredient.Based on its name,what type of compound is octyl palmitate?

A)carboxylic acid
B)ester
C)carboxylate salt
D)fatty acid
E)It is impossible to tell from the name alone.

Question 24

What is the IUPAC name of the simplest dicarboxylic acid?

A)ethanoic acid
B)diethanoic acid
C)methanoic acid
D)methanedioic acid
E)ethanedioic acid

Question 25

Which of the compounds below has the strongest intermolecular forces of attraction?

A)CH₃OH
B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 26

What is the name of the missing product in the reaction shown below? acetic acid + sodium hydroxide → ? + water

A)sodium acetate
B)sodium chloride
C)acetic hydroxide
D)acetal
E)sodium acetic acid

Question 27

What is the common name of the acid formed in the following reaction? $\text { ethanol } \stackrel { [ \mathrm { O } ] } { \longrightarrow }$

A)formic acid
B)acetic acid
C)oxalic acid
D)methanoic acid
E)propanoic acid

Question 28

Soap molecules form micelles when dissolved in water.What part of the soap molecule is oriented on the inside of the micelle?

A)the negatively charged carboxylate "head"
B)the positively charged carboxylate "head"
C)the hydrophilic carboxylate group
D)the hydrophobic hydrocarbon "tail"
E)the polar hydrocarbon chain

Question 29

Lactic acid,also known as α-hydroxy propionic acid,is an α-hydroxy acid (AHA)found in some skin care products.What is its structure?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 30

Which of the following is the general structure for a thioester?

A)R−S−R
B)R−S−S−R
C)

D)

E)

Question 31

What suffix is used in the names of organic esters?

A)-ol
B)-al
C)-ate
D)-one
E)-ide

Question 32

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A)3-chlorobutanoic acid
B)2-chlorobutanoic acid
C)2-chloropropanoic acid
D)3-chloropropanoic acid
E)3-chloro-1-propanoic acid

Question 33

Which statement best explains why propanoic acid boils at a much higher temperature than hexane?

A)Lower molecular weights tend to boil at higher temperatures.
B)Propanoic acid has weaker intermolecular forces than hexane.
C)Propanoic acid molecules can hydrogen bond with other propanoic molecules but hexane is nonpolar and cannot hydrogen bond.
D)Chains with fewer carbon atoms tend to boil at higher temperatures than ones with more carbon atoms.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 34

The reaction shown below between an alcohol and phosphoric acid produces a phosphoester.What is the general structure of a phosphoester?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 35

What is the condensed formula for the product of the following reaction?

A)CH₃COOH
B)CH₃(OH)₂
C)CH₃CH₂OH
D)CH₃CH₃
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 36

What type of product is formed in the reaction between an acid chloride and a carboxylate anion?

A)ester
B)acid anhydride
C)carboxylic acid
D)acetal
E)ether

Question 37

What role does acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)play in the body?

A)It serves as the energy source for energy-requiring reactions.
B)It serves as a carrier of two-carbon acetyl groups.
C)It serves as an identification marker on the surface of cells.
D)It functions as a catalyst for reduction reactions.
E)It is a structural component of muscle and bone.

Question 38

What is the name of the compound shown below?

A)chloro propanoate
B)propanoyl chloride
C)ethyl chloroformate
D)ethyl formyl chloride
E)propyl chloride

Question 39

What is the IUPAC name for the missing product in the following equation? ethanoic acid + methanol H₂O + ?

A)methyl ethyl ketone
B)ethyl methanoate
C)2-propanone
D)3-propanone
E)methyl ethanoate

Question 40

Which of these is butyric acid?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH
B)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
D)CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₃
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 41

Which species or compound is often reacted with an acid chloride to produce an acid anhydride?

A)ROH
B)R¹COOR²
C)HCl
D)RCOO^-
E)NaOH

Question 42

A phosphate ester is formed when phosphoric acid reacts with which of the following types of compounds?

A)ester
B)base
C)alcohol
D)carboxylic acid
E)thio compound

Question 43

What acid chloride and carboxylate anion are necessary to produce the acid anhydride shown below?

A)methanoate ion and propanoyl chloride
B)ethanoyl chloride and butanoate ion
C)ethanoate ion and propanoyl chloride
D)ethanoyl chloride and propanoate ion
E)butanoyl chloride and methanoate ion

Question 44

Methylparaben is an ester used as a preservative in foods,beverages,and cosmetics.It may be prepared by the reaction shown below.What is the structure of methylparaben?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 45

Which formula best represents the structure of acetic acid when it is dissolved in a basic solution?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 46

What is the common name of the carboxylic acid found in rancid butter?

A)acetic acid
B)palmitic acid
C)lactic acid
D)butyric acid
E)oleic acid

Question 47

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A)ethanoic acid
B)lactic acid
C)pyruvic acid
D)butyric acid
E)propanoic acid

Question 48

What class of compounds is primarily responsible for the pleasant smell of many fruits?

A)carboxylic acids
B)esters
C)carboxylate salts
D)acid chlorides
E)alcohols

Question 49

The first step in the biochemical breakdown of sugars involves the formation of which of the following?

A)a phosphate ester
B)a thioester
C)a conventional ester
D)glycogen
E)DNA

Question 50

What is the name of the ester shown below?

A)phenyl acetate
B)ethyl benzoate
C)benzyl acetate
D)ethyl phenoate
E)methyl benzoate

Question 51

The drug Clofibrate is used to lower blood triglycerides and cholesterol.It can be made in an esterification reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.Which of the structures below represents the alcohol required for its synthesis?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 52

Which of the following is the term that describes a compound that acts as a pain killer?

A)analpheric
B)analgesic
C)prostaglandin
D)hydrophilic
E)pheromone

Question 53

What product(s)are formed when an ester reacts with water upon heating in the presence of NaOH?

A)two carboxylic acids
B)a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
C)two alcohols
D)an alcohol and an ether
E)a carboxylate salt and an alcohol

Question 54

Which one of the following types of compounds can react with a carboxylic acid to form an ester?

A)acyl chloride
B)acetate
C)alcohol
D)ether
E)aldehyde

Question 55

Which of the following statements concerning carboxylic acids is FALSE?

A)Carboxylic acids are hydrogen ion acceptors.
B)The functional group of a carboxylic acid is condensed as COOH or CO₂H.
C)Carboxylic acids form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
D)Carboxylic acids are weak acids.
E)The water solubility of a carboxylic acid decreases with an increase in the number of carbons in the carbon chain.

Question 56

What term describes the sodium salt of a long-chain fatty acid?

A)esterate
B)ester
C)soap
D)triglyceride
E)bile salt

Question 57

What is the IUPAC name of the missing product in the following reaction?

A)butane
B)butanoic acid
C)butanal
D)1-butanol
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 58

A cyclic ester (lactone)is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol functional group that is present in the same molecule.Which structure represents the lactone formed in the reaction below?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 59

What other product is released when an anhydride is formed by the combination of two carboxylic acids?

A)alcohol
B)water
C)ester
D)HCl
E)hydrogen

Question 60

Which of the following compounds would react similarly because they contain the same functional group?

A)I and II
B)I and IV
C)II and IV
D)I,II,and III
E)I,II,and IV

Question 61

Acetic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce

A)sodium acetate and water,the products of a neutralization reaction.
B)sodium acetate and water,the products of an oxidation.
C)sodium acetate and water,the products of a reduction.
D)acetaldehyde and sodium metal,the products of a precipitation reaction.
E)acetaldehyde and sodium metal,the products of an oxidation-reduction reaction.

Question 62

The oxidation of formaldehyde produces acetic acid.

Question 63

Carboxylic acids are generally weak acids.

Question 64

Carboxylic acids are too weak to neutralize strong bases such as NaOH.

Question 65

The carboxyl group is found in all fatty acids.

Question 66

A single carboxylic acid molecule may contain more than one carboxyl functional group.

Question 67

What is the IUPAC name of the compound formed by the oxidation of 2-bromopentanal?

A)2-bromo-1-pentanol
B)2-bromopentanoate
C)2-bromopentanoic acid
D)2-bromo-2-pentanol
E)2-bromo-2-pentene

Question 68

Name the compound formed by the reaction between butanoic acid and potassium hydroxide.

A)potassium butanal
B)potassium butanoate
C)potassium butanol
D)potassium butanone
E)potassium buterate

Question 69

When comparing the boiling point of each of the following pairs,which of the following lists the compound with the highest boiling point first,assuming the same carbon chain length?

A)aldehyde,alcohol
B)carboxylic acid,alkane
C)ether,carboxylic acid
D)ketone,carboxylic acid
E)alkane,aldehyde

Question 70

What carboxylic acid,first synthesized by Bayer and Company,and a derivative of an extract of willow bark,launched the pharmaceutical industry?

A)tartaric acid
B)oxalic acid
C)acetylsalicylic acid
D)benzoic acid
E)salicylic acid

Question 71

Which of the following is the structure of o-chlorobenzoic acid?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 72

Soap is a triglyceride.

Question 73

Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid.

Question 74

Saponification is hydrogenation of an ester under basic conditions.

Question 75

What two compounds will react to produce methyl hexanoate in an acid catalyzed esterification reaction?

A)methane and hexane
B)methanoic acid and hexanoic acid
C)hexanol and methanol
D)hexanoic acid and methanol
E)hexanol and methanoic acid

Question 76

Which word best describes the odors of large carboxylic acids?

A)fruity
B)floral
C)minty
D)foul
E)Both fruity and floral are correct.

Question 77

The base-catalyzed hydrolysis of a triglyceride produces which of the following?

A)soap
B)polymers such as polyesters
C)acid anhydrides
D)glycerol and carboxylate salts
E)soap,glycerol,and carboxylate salts

Question 78

Traces of H⁺ can catalyze both the formation of an ester and its hydrolysis.

Question 79

Fats and oils are triesters of glycerol.

Question 80

What is the common name of the following compound?

A)β-methylcaproic acid
B)2-methylvaleric acid
C)3-methylpentanoic acid
D)γ-methylcaproic acid
E)β-methylvaleric acid