Deck 26: The New Power Balance, 1850-1900

Question 1

Industrial chemistry was a great advantage to Germany because Germany

A) controlled the sources for the raw materials.
B) had strong cooperation between universities and industries.
C) had government funded research.
D) b and c only
E) all of the above

Answer 1

b and c only

Question 2

Families were considered middle class only if they

A) had a second home.
B) were college-educated.
C) did not work with their hands.
D) owned their own horses.
E) employed a full-time servant.

Answer 2

employed a full-time servant.

Question 3

The Victorian Age refers to rules of behavior and family wherein

A) masculine ideas of strength and courage.
B) feminine virtues of beauty and kindness.
C) the home was idealized as a peaceful and loving refuge.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

What were some of the effects of building railroads was

A) deforestation.
B) consumed large amounts of land.
C) vast consumption of lumber.
D) a and b only
E) all of the above

Question 5

The growth of towns and cities was made easier by railways, creating the commuter society. This affected primarily which class?

A) Students traveling to universities
B) Missionaries seeking to evangelize
C) Middle-class entrepreneurs escaping to country estates on the weekend
D) Working-class laborers in the suburbs
E) The wealthy, who could afford train tickets

Question 6

The negative environmental effects of nineteenth-century industrialization included which of the following?

A) smoke and particulate matter polluting the air.
B) large piles of waste product and slag left behind.
C) chemical and dye materials dumped into the rivers.
D) deforestation and reduction of agriculture for areas used for mining coal, iron, and limestone.
E) all of the above

Question 7

The largest railway network in the world in 1865 was in

A) Great Britain.
B) Canada.
C) Mexico.
D) Japan.
E) the United States.

Question 8

The most prominent early use of electric current was

A) in steel making.
B) for lighting.
C) for telegraph systems.
D) in the chemical dye industry.
E) the electric chair.

Question 9

The increase in the number of Europeans overseas was largely due to

A) a drop in the death rate.
B) epidemic disease in Europe.
C) famine and starvation.
D) plague spreading in Europe.
E) the abolition of serfdom in Russia.

Question 10

Care and support of the new infrastructure by municipal governments included which of the following?

A) police protection.
B) fire protection.
C) garbage removal.
D) health inspectors.
E) all of the above

Question 11

How was ocean shipping transformed by the mid-nineteenth century?

A) There were more efficient, powerful engines.
B) The average size of freighters increased from 200 to 7,500 tons.
C) Steel replaced wooden hulls.
D) Propellers replaced paddle wheels.
E) All of these

Question 12

New models of urban development laid out city plans modeled after:

A) Chicago
B) London.
C) Paris.
D) Buenos Aires
E) St. Petersburg

Question 13

Late-nineteenth-century Victorian morality dictated that men and women

A) belong in factories.
B) belong in comparable social spheres.
C) belong in "separate spheres."
D) should be involved in politics.
E) should be in a competitive relationship.

Question 14

Most railways were built by European or American engineers with equipment from the West. The exception to this was in

A) Japan.
B) China.
C) Mexico.
D) the Orient Express.
E) Russia.

Question 15

Which of the following are ways that cities in industrial nations changed their character in the nineteenth century?

A) Railroads with regular schedules brought food and commuters into the cities to work.
B) Police and fire departments were created.
C) Sanitation improved and death rates decreased.
D) City planning was used.
E) all of the above.

Question 16

By 1900, Britain controlled which of the following industries?

A) shipping
B) international banking
C) submarine cables
D) foreign infrastructure development
E) all of the above

Question 17

The most important urban technological innovation was

A) gas lamps for lighting.
B) electric streetcars and subways.
C) paved roadways for transport and travel.
D) pipes for water and sewage.
E) apartment buildings.

Question 18

As a result of immigration, between 1850-1910, the population of northern America increased by almost

A) half
B) three-quarters
C) twice
D) four-fold
E) ten-fold

Question 19

The "annihilation of time and space," extolled by the public and the press, referred especially to

A) the development of aircraft.
B) trans-atlantic submarine telegraph cables.
C) transcontinental railroads.
D) the science fiction musings of H. G. Wells.
E) an accurate clock.

Question 20

The chemical dye industry hurt tropical nations such as India because

A) of those nations' textile industries.
B) the industry exploited workers in those countries.
C) those nations grew the most indigo.
D) of the environmental impact of dye factories.
E) Indians and other tropical peoples could not afford chemical dyes.

Question 21

By the early 1900s, what types of teaching positions were women considered well suited for in the United States?

A) Elite and teacher colleges.
B) Teaching men in junior colleges.
C) Women were not allowed to teach.
D) Teaching was considered unimportant.
E) none of the above

Question 22

Some women sought satisfaction outside of the home and became involved

A) in working as volunteer social workers or nurses.
B) in organizing reform movements to curtail alcohol, prostitution, and child labor.
C) in working for women's suffrage.
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 23

When the typewriter and telephone were first used in business in the 1880s,

A) businessmen found that they were ideal tools for women workers.
B) only men could use them.
C) they created new jobs for immigrant workers.
D) widespread job losses resulted.
E) they were a failure because people feared new inventions.

Question 24

A conflict between men and women in radical political movements resulted in:

A) working class women had little time for politics.
B) Emma Goldman and Rosa Luxemburg attracted a few followers.
C) the reluctant realization that women's liberation would have to come second to workers' rights.
D) exclusion from trade unions and radical political parties.
E) all of these.

Question 25

Urban planning methods in replacing old, crowded cities included

A) organizing neighborhoods according to immigrant nationality.
B) laying out new cities, such as Chicago, on rectangular grids.
C) maintaining traditional streets to appeal to national historical memory.
D) creating "planned communities" with all amenities within walking distance of miniature villages.
E) removing vestiges of medieval town halls.

Question 26

Workers around the world primarily sought change

A) by participating in the political system through voting.
B) by overthrowing political institutions.
C) by changing jobs.
D) through radical socialist ideology.
E) by striking.

Question 27

As a result of the revolutions of cotton cloth and sewing machines,

A) the poor could afford to own several sets of cloths.
B) the "mauve decade" emerged with a new trend for purple clothes.
C) ready-made clothing increased the number of department stores.
D) more women were forced to work in garment sweat-shops.
E) the woolen trade decreased significantly.

Question 28

Suffragists, led by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan Anthony in the U.S., lobbied for which reform of women's lives?

A) equal wages.
B) the right to vote.
C) elimination of prostitution.
D) access to universities.
E) workers' rights.

Question 29

Who was the most famous early-nineteenth-century nationalist?

A) Giuseppe Mazzini
B) Gavrilo Princip
C) Cecil Rhodes
D) Emma Goldman
E) John D. Rockefeller

Question 30

What ideology questioned the sanctity of private property?

A) Capitalism
B) Socialism
C) Manichaeism
D) Mercantilism
E) Liberalism

Question 31

The revolutions of 1848 convinced conservative politicians that

A) use of the media was the most important tool in swaying public sentiment.
B) rubber bullets were an effective deterrent to rioters.
C) they couldn't keep the people out of politics forever.
D) democracy was an unworkable system.
E) the common person should never participate in politics.

Question 32

According to Marx, the end of worker exploitation would occur when

A) "scientific socialism" was proven by the intellectuals.
B) war broke down barriers of nationalism and included colonist countries.
C) free democracy replaced all entrenched monarchies in Europe.
D) workers would revolt and create a dictatorship of the proletariat.
E) war broke out and the Western industrialized, Christian world conquered the East.

Question 33

The first place where universal male suffrage became law in 1870 was in:

A) France
B) The United States.
C) England.
D) Germany
E) Iceland.

Question 34

The most important duty of middle class women was considered:

A) teaching.
B) supporting her husband by creating a happy domestic sphere.
C) maintaining moral and spiritual purity.
D) raising children.
E) contributing to the household economy.

Question 35

In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels argued that the elimination of private property would

A) empower the workers to have a revolution.
B) strip the bourgeoisie of their oppressive powers.
C) establish a new society without government.
D) end the suffering of the third world.
E) redistribute all material wealth universally.

Question 36

The nineteenth-century movement that defended workers against their employers was

A) Social Darwinism.
B) liberalism.
C) the labor union movement.
D) millenarianism.
E) the Wobblies.

Question 37

The most influential idea of the nineteenth century was nationalism which

A) was defined as a community unified by history and culture.
B) was a force for unity in Europe.
C) hastened the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
D) hastened the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire.
E) all of the above

Question 38

Karl Marx asserted the resources of government and industry could

A) be appropriate for profit in business.
B) be harnessed to end poverty and injustice.
C) not maintain proper cost of goods in the marketplace.
D) be used to allow business owners were able to put into the bank.
E) none of the above

Question 39

Which of the following are ways that working-class women earned money to support the family?

A) Doing piecework such as sewing and making lace, hats, or gloves.
B) Doing laundry for people.
C) Taking in boarders.
D) Doing domestic service or factory work.
E) all of the above

Question 40

Which of the following was an idea of liberalism?

A) The sovereignty of the people
B) The need for a constitutional government
C) Freedom of expression
D) The need for a national parliament
E) all of the above

Question 41

Who demanded that Japan open its ports for refueling of and trade with American shipping?

A) Robert Clive
B) Matthew Perry
C) Cecil Rhodes
D) Tsar Nicholas
E) Benjamin Disraeli

Question 42

The early-twentieth-century Chinese plan for reform, though tried in vain, was the

A) Mandate of Heaven.
B) "self-strengthening movement."
C) Cixi reforms.
D) imperial restoration.
E) Great Leap Forward.

Question 43

Japan's plan for imperialism as defined by Yamagata Aritomo was to control a "sphere of influence" comprised of

A) Manchuria.
B) Korea.
C) Part of China.
D) Taiwan.
E) all of the above.

Question 44

A significant point of dispute between France and Germany was

A) Germany's seizure of Alsace and Lorraine.
B) Germany's assault on French naval supremacy.
C) Germany's desire that France get out of Africa.
D) Germany's support for Alfred Dreyfus.
E) France's insistence that Strasbourg speak French.

Question 45

In Tokugawa Japan, the political power rested in the hands of the

A) bureaucracy.
B) shoguns.
C) emperor.
D) peasantry.
E) merchants.

Question 46

The biggest weakness of the Tokugawa Shogunate was an inability to resist invasion; therefore,

A) the shogun instituted military reforms.
B) the bureaucracy proposed a centralized government.
C) the emperor proposed intense military training.
D) Japan closed its border to foreigners.
E) Japan welcomed foreigners and learned from them instead.

Question 47

Leaders of Meiji Japan planned to remain free from Western imperialism by centralization, imperialism and

A) negotiating with Western diplomats.
B) restricting Western access to Japan.
C) keeping out all foreign influences.
D) becoming a world-class industrial power.
E) using propaganda to make Japanese people hostile to Westerners.

Question 48

The Boxer Uprising was a series of riots

A) encouraged by Chinese officials against foreign presence.
B) that rid China of the Japanese presence.
C) that placed Japan under direct military control.
D) that clearly demonstrated Japanese nationalism.
E) that demonstrated the support for Christianity in China.

Question 49

Bismarck's plan to unite most German-speaking people into a single state focused on using

A) liberalism and language.
B) Prussian industry and German nationalism.
C) religion and conservatism.
D) ethnicity and race.
E) democracy and liberalism.

Question 50

Once government-owned industries in Japan became profitable,

A) the profits were used to subsidize farmers.
B) the company was turned over to workers' control.
C) they were sold to private investors.
D) they were placed under the military.
E) they were divided into shares and given to the poorest Japanese citizens.

Question 51

The Treaty of Kanagawa of 1854

A) was modeled on the unequal treaties that the West had with China.
B) opened Japan and Korea to the United States.
C) settled the Opium War.
D) put an end to the Taiping Rebellion.
E) put an end to the Sepoy Mutiny.

Question 52

A significant source of conflict between Russia and Austro-Hungary was

A) Austria's attempts to dominate the Balkans, which undercut Russia's role as "protector" of the Slavic peoples.
B) Austro-Hungary eyeing territories along the Black Sea in anticipation of the demise of the Ottomans.
C) Austrian annexation of Albania.
D) Austria trying to dominate Christians in the Ottoman Empire, which Russia felt was its domain because of Orthodoxy.
E) Austria declaring an open-border policy to Jews escaping Russian persecution.

Question 53

The Meiji rulers sought to strengthen Japan by

A) attacking the United States naval bases in Korea.
B) embracing foreign ideas, institutions, and techniques.
C) defeating Russia in the Russo-Japanese War.
D) rejecting all foreign ideas and restoring traditional Japanese customs.
E) increasing family values.

Question 54

The Meiji transformed the government and incorporated

A) European practices in education, industry, and popular culture.
B) Chinese practices in education, industry, and popular culture.
C) Korean practices in education, industry, and popular culture.
D) Russian practices in education, industry, and popular culture.
E) only Japanese practices.

Question 55

The southern Japanese provincial leaders of Choshu and Satsuma found the most effective strategy to protect Japan against foreigners was

A) development of gunboats.
B) consolidation of their forces to overthrow the shogunate.
C) to copy the Tanzimat reforms.
D) embrace westernization in all forms.
E) none of these.

Question 56

One of the most significant reforms undertaken by Japan's Meiji oligarchs was

A) building a military aristocracy.
B) opening schools to train Japanese students in Western science and technology.
C) limiting the power of the emperor.
D) adopting Marxist economic policies.
E) All of these

Question 57

The British nineteenth-century attitude toward Europe has been called a policy of

A) "splendid isolation."
B) arrogance and conceit.
C) "laissez-faire."
D) "divide and conquer."
E) "ignorance is bliss."

Question 58

The most successful leader of Italian unification efforts was the fiery revolutionary

A) Pope Pius IX
B) Giuseppe Mazzinni
C) Giuseppe Garabaldi
D) Camillo Cavour
E) Benito Mussolini

Question 59

Which of the following was a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905?

A) Humiliation of the outdated Japanese military and the stripping of Japanese colonies in Asia.
B) Tsar Nicholas II was forced to grant a constitution.
C) Tsar Nicholas was forced to permit an elected parliament.
D) all of the above
E) b and c only

Question 60

Nationalism failed to unify which countries in the late nineteenth century?

A) Britain and France
B) Russia and Austria-Hungary
C) Germany and Italy
D) Italy and Spain
E) Spain and Portugal

Question 61

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
labor union

Question 62

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
electricity

Question 63

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"separate spheres"

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
steel

Question 65

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Karl Marx

Question 66

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Giuseppe Garibaldi

Question 67

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
liberalism

Question 68

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
socialism

Question 69

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
railroads

Question 70

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Empress Dowager Cixi

Question 71

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Otto von Bismarck

Question 72

Industrialization in Russia took significantly longer because:

A) wealthy landowners blocked most reforms in Russia.
B) Tsars were suspicious and conservative.
C) There was almost no commercial middle class in Russia
D) Serfdom was the predominant labor model until 1861.
E) All of these

Question 73

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Commodore Matthew Perry

Question 74

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
anarchist

Question 75

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Meiji Restoration

Question 76

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
nationalism

Question 77

The concept of Social Darwinism argued that

A) social and racial differences resulted from natural processes.
B) Racism was justified
C) Capitalism was the only sound economic model.
D) Imperialism was justified by Divine Right.
E) "Might makes right."

Question 78

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Thomas Edison

Question 79

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Victorian Age

Question 80

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
submarine telegraph cables