Deck 13: Contemporary Issues in Victimology: Victims of Hate Crimes, Human Trafficking, Terrorism, and Identity Theft

Question 1

Which act provided benefits to direct victims, spouses, and dependent children victimized through terrorism?

A) Victims of Terrorism Compensation Act
B) Hostage Relief Act of 1980
C) Victims of Terrorism Tax Relief Act
D) U.S. Patriot Act

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Trafficking victims operating in the United States are allowed to be ______ so they can receive certain benefits and services from the government.

A) given citizenship
B) certified
C) accredited
D) given a work visa

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The NCVS found that the second most likely hate crime occurred against those who had a specific ______.

A) religion
B) ethnicity
C) sexual orientation
D) race

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which type of human trafficking is a larger market?

A) forced labor
B) sexual trafficking
C) bonded labor
D) involuntary domestic servitude

Question 5

______ United Nations' legislation called for criminalization of trafficking.

A) Prague Protocol
B) Philadelphia Protocol
C) Peking Protocol
D) Palermo Protocol

Question 6

Human trafficking became a federal offense in ______.

A) 1995
B) 2000
C) 2005
D) 2010

Question 7

Which agency compiles statistics on hate crimes?

A) U.S. Census Bureau
B) Central Intelligence Agency
C) Federal Bureau of Investigation
D) Bureau of Justice Statistics

Question 8

Unlike victims of other crimes, hate crimes victims are unable to ______.

A) cope with the victimization
B) apply for victim compensation
C) change the characteristic for which they were victimized
D) submit a victim impact statement

Question 9

Most victims of human trafficking that end up in the United States come from which countries?

A) Asia, Mexico, and the former Soviet Bloc countries
B) Thailand, Western Europe, and Latin America
C) South America and Africa
D) Australia, Canada, and the United States

Question 10

Who commits most hate crimes?

A) intimate partners
B) coworkers
C) acquaintances
D) strangers

Question 11

The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 include ______ category to the list of hate crimes.

A) disabilities
B) gender
C) age
D) occupations

Question 12

______ was the country with the most terrorist attacks and deaths in 2015.

A) United States
B) Pakistan
C) Iraq
D) Africa

Question 13

When a hate crime involved a crime against property, what percentage of acts were acts of destruction, damage, or vandalism?

A) 25%
B) 45%
C) 76%
D) 75%

Question 14

The ______ directed the Sentencing Commission to provide sentencing enhancement (add time to a sentence) for those crimes proven beyond a reasonable doubt to be hate crimes.

A) Justice for All Act
B) Victims of Crime Act
C) Matthew Shephard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crime Prevention Act
D) Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act

Question 15

Some victims are targeted because of their qualities. Qualities that an offender may target are ______.

A) sexual orientation
B) race
C) religion
D) all of these

Question 16

The 3P paradigm includes all of the following EXCEPT which of the following components?

A) prevention
B) criminal prosecution
C) victim protection
D) legislative participation

Question 17

As of 2011, how much money has been awarded to victims and victims' families of 9/11?

A) $6.1 million
B) $567,200
C) $8.7 billion
D) $1.2 billion

Question 18

The Matthew Shephard and James Byrd, Jr. Crime Prevention Act added ______ category to the list of hate crimes classifications.

A) disabilities
B) gender
C) age
D) occupations

Question 19

What percentage of terrorism victims are police?

A) 90%
B) 68%
C) 36%
D) 18%

Question 20

The majority of hate crimes are perpetrated by those who have a bias against individuals with a specific ______.

A) religion
B) national origin
C) sexual orientation
D) race/ethnicity/ancestry

Question 21

Identity theft is defined as the use of public information by a relative to commit some type of fraud.

Question 22

As of 2009, all states had some form of hate crime legislation.

Question 23

Victims of human trafficking are not likely to experience a variety of traumatic events.

Question 24

According to the statistics compiled by the FBI, in 2016, ______ people were victims of hate crimes in the United States.

A) 4,749
B) 5,987
C) 6,578
D) 7,615

Question 25

It was not until the 1980s that hate crime victimization received widespread formal attention from the criminal justice system and the media.

Question 26

Hate crime victimization may be a response to perceived threat, such as ______.

A) violations of territory or property
B) violations of what is sacred
C) violations of status
D) all of these

Question 27

Persons who are between the ages of ______ have higher hate crime victimization rates than persons who are 25-34 and older age-groups.

A) 18 and 21
B) 12 and 17
C) 10 and 11
D) 21 and 24

Question 28

The Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 prohibits damage to religious property because of religious, racial, or ethnic characteristics.

Question 29

Victims of involuntary domestic servitude are enslaved to work off a debt.

Question 30

To the extent that people identify with the victim, they may also experience primary victimization whereby they suffer similar psychological consequences to those of the direct victim.

Question 31

Gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, and persons who have had same-sex partners and who have been violently victimized are not likely to experience PTSD in response to the experience as are people in the general population.

Question 32

The majority of human trafficking cases investigated by the Human Trafficking Reporting system were forced labor incidents.

Question 33

Most people who were victims of terrorism in 2009 were Christian.

Question 34

Hate crimes accounted for ______ of all violent victimizations recorded in the NCVS.

A) 15%
B) 10%
C) 1%
D) 5%

Question 35

According to the UCR, sexual orientation is the third largest category of hate crimes.

Question 36

When a hate crime victimization occurs, especially if it is made public, others in the community who share characteristics of the victim may not become fearful that they will also become a target.

Question 37

Russia supplies most of the women and girls who are trafficked for sex.

Question 38

There are often physical consequences associated with hate crime victimization.

Question 39

In 2009, the majority of hate crimes were crimes against persons (or violent crimes).

Question 40

About ______ of gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals have experienced a victimization based on their sexual orientation during their adult life.

A) 15%
B) 20%
C) 35%
D) 65%

Question 41

What are the different types of Labor trafficking?

Question 42

Describe how routine activities theory may explain hate crimes.

Question 43

List three characteristics that help us determine if a crime falls under the category of hate crime.

Question 44

Name at list two risk factors for human trafficking on the country level.

Question 45

What are the most common motivations for committing a hate crime?