Deck 5: Recurring Victimization

Question 1

Household-level risk factors that increase the likelihood of recurring victimization include all except which of the following?

A) low-income household
B) large numbers of children in the family
C) two or more adults in the home
D) only one car for the household

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In general, most recurring victimizations occur within ______.

A) 1 year
B) 3 months
C) 1 week
D) 1 month

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Neighborhood-level risk factors that increase the likelihood of recurring victimization include all except which of the following?

A) cohesive neighborhood
B) neighborhoods with many single-parent households
C) urban setting
D) dangerousness

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The "flag" theoretical explanation of recurring victimization is consistent with which theory?

A) routine activities
B) life course
C) risk heterogeneity
D) state dependence

Question 5

Which type of victimization suggests that a person has been a victim of any type of crime more than once?

A) recurring victimization
B) repeat victimization
C) revictimization
D) vicarious victimization

Question 6

Of the households that had called the police for domestic violence once, ______ had done so again within 5 weeks

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 15%
D) 10%

Question 7

Which type of victimization suggests that a person has been a victim of the same crime more than once?

A) recurring victimization
B) repeat victimization
C) revictimization
D) vicarious victimization

Question 8

Residential burglary near repeats tended to occur within ______.

A) 1 week
B) 2 months
C) 1 year
D) 6 months

Question 9

Intimate partner violence, rape, ______, and property victimizations are all at high risk of recurring victimization.

A) robbery
B) arson
C) motor vehicle theft
D) assault

Question 10

______ suggests that recurring victimization occurs because of the quality or character of a victim.

A) Vicarious victimization
B) Risk heterogeneity
C) State dependence
D) Characterological self-blame

Question 11

The National Violence Against Women Study found that women who experienced childhood sexual abuse were ______ times more likely to be a victim of a sex crime by her partner as an adult.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
D) 8

Question 12

For victims of sex crimes, which type of programs seemed to increase the likelihood that a victim would be able to reduce subsequent sexual victimizations?

A) self-defense only
B) empowerment
C) self-help
D) risk recognition

Question 13

According to the ______ theoretical explanation of recurring victimization, the way the victim and offender act during and after the victimization will determine whether another victimization occurs.

A) vicarious victimization
B) risk heterogeneity
C) state dependence
D) characterological self-blame

Question 14

Which of the following options is not a type of demographic characteristic risk factor for recurring victimization?

A) low SES for personal crime
B) low SES for property crime
C) young
D) single, separated, divorced

Question 15

Prevention advice was given to victims of burglaries in the United States, whereas ______ were/was given to assist victims in England, which seemed to decrease repeat incidents of burglary.

A) alarm systems
B) funding
C) increased security by police
D) weapons

Question 16

Which type of victimization suggests that a crime will occur within a close proximity of where another crime occurred?

A) delayed victimization
B) near-repeat victimization
C) revictimization
D) vicarious victimization

Question 17

______ type of a program is one in which a police officer and victim advocate will revisit an intimate partner violence victim to provide her or him with information on social and legal programs to assist her or him.

A) Follow-up
B) Victim response
C) Crime prevention
D) Second responder

Question 18

Some research suggests that poly-victimizations can cause greater levels of ______ in victims when compared to victims of a single incident.

A) anger
B) pride
C) suicidal ideation
D) distress

Question 19

Studies in which country have found reductions in repeat burglaries due to efforts by law enforcement?

A) England
B) France
C) United States
D) Canada

Question 20

One is at higher risk of recurring victimization if he is a victim of crime and ______.

A) abstains from alcohol use
B) does not experience PTSD
C) stays at home at night
D) has the seven-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene

Question 21

According to the negative state dependence perspective, victimization event would serve to reduce victimization risk because a person would become more aware of his or her risk and would take steps to reduce the chances of being victimized in the future.

Question 22

Although most people and households in a given year are not victimized at all, some experience more than one victimization.

Question 23

According to the British Crime Survey, over a 10-year period of time, 20% of victims experienced 68% of all thefts that occurred.

Question 24

In general, recurring victimization happens quite slowly.

Question 25

Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey shows that female victims of intimate partner physical assault reported being assaulted on average ______ times by the same partner.

A) 5.9
B) 6.9
C) 7.9
D) 10

Question 26

Participating in dangerous activities has been linked to repeat victimization for adults.

Question 27

______ is a term that is generally used for childhood recurring victimization, when a person has experienced multiple forms of victimization.

A) Poly-victimization
B) Recurring victimization
C) Repeat victimization
D) Revictimization

Question 28

A victim of recurring victimizations can develop poor health habits due to the victimizations.

Question 29

There is a strong correlation between sexual victimization in ______ and sexual victimization later in life.

A) elder years
B) adulthood
C) childhood
D) adolescents

Question 30

Turanovic and Pratt (2014) found that victims with ______ are less likely than others to change their risky behaviors than those with higher levels.

A) low levels of anxiety
B) low levels of depression
C) low levels of anger
D) low self-control

Question 31

The majority of sexual recurring victimization prevention programs have been delivered to high school students.

Question 32

The National Violence Against Women Survey found support for the link between experiencing more than one victimization and worse outcomes.

Question 33

Victimization salience perspective state dependence processes will be most salient among those with the lowest underlying risks.

Question 34

People who have been victimized once are more likely to be victimized than those who have never been a victim of a crime.

Question 35

One recent study revealed that genetic factors account for ______ of the variance in repeat victimization.

A) 44%
B) 54%
C) 64%
D) 74%

Question 36

The "boost" explanation of recurring victimization suggests that the reaction of the victim and offender during and after the victimization will influence subsequent victimizations.

Question 37

Revictimization is when a person or place has been victimized more than once over a long time span.

Question 38

According to the compounding vulnerability argument, those with the low levels of underlying propensity for victimization will be at risk for future victimization because of state dependence processes.

Question 39

According to the 2004 General Social Survey on Victimization in Canada, 45% of victims reported more than one incident in a single year.

Question 40

Recurring victims also experience a disproportionate share of all victimization events.

Question 41

What is the difference between the "flag" and "boost" explanations for recurring victimization?

Question 42

What are some neighborhood- or household-level risk factors that may increase repeat victimization?

Question 43

What does it mean to say that a disproportionate amount of victims experience the vast majority of crime?

Question 44

What is the difference between repeat victimization and near-repeat victimization?

Question 45

What are some individual-level risk factors that increase repeat victimization?