Deck 1: Introduction to Victimology

Question 1

Victimology is the study of ______.

A) the etiology of victimization
B) consequences of victimization
C) how the criminal justice system accommodates and assists victims
D) all of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

______ is the name for individuals who are affected by the victimization of a loved one.

A) Vicarious victims
B) Indirect victims
C) Secondary victims
D) Pseudo-victims

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which programs are responsible for notifying victims of court proceedings and providing guidance during the court process?

A) victim advocacy agencies
B) victim/witness assistance programs
C) courtroom companionship agencies
D) grassroots agencies

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which movement identified that both offenders and victims were mistreated by the criminal justice system?

A) Law and Order Movement
B) Civil Rights Movement
C) Women's Movement
D) Children's Movement

Question 5

Which theorist suggested that victims and offenders needed to be considered in a dyad in order to fully understand victimization?

A) Hans von Hentig
B) Stephen Schaefer
C) Marvin Wolfgang
D) Benjamin Mendelsohn

Question 6

Which organization was an outgrowth of the Victims of Crime Act of 1984?

A) National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA)
B) National Center for Victims of Crime (NCVC)
C) Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)
D) National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC)

Question 7

The Violence Against Women Act was enacted in which year?

A) 1980
B) 1984
C) 1994
D) 1994

Question 8

In what year was the first National Crime Survey conducted?

A) 1957
B) 1966
C) 1981
D) 1992

Question 9

Which of the following items were not a critical victimological development of the women's movement?

A) Victimization could be emotionally harmful.
B) The criminal justice revictimized victims.
C) Women used alcohol and drugs as self-medication techniques to deal with rape.
D) The volunteer movement was huge so grassroots organizations could stay open longer.

Question 10

Who coined the term "victimology"?

A) Hans von Hentig
B) Stephen Schaefer
C) Marvin Wolfgang
D) Benjamin Mendelsohn

Question 11

Two of the first three victim assistance programs focused on ______ type of crime victimization.

A) domestic violence
B) child victimization
C) homicide survivors
D) rape

Question 12

The cost of victimization may include ______.

A) the cost of stolen or damaged property
B) the costs of receiving treatment at the emergency room
C) monies spent to assist crime victims
D) all of these

Question 13

The Women's Movement also brought attention to ______ group of victims.

A) animals
B) victims of state-sponsored crime
C) families of "victimless" crime offenders
D) children

Question 14

What 1980 study led to recommendations to improve services to crime victims for criminal justice personnel, the medical community, the social service and victim advocacy communities, and other agencies that worked with victims?

A) Victim of Crime Study
B) Justice for All Study
C) New Directions in the Field Study
D) President's Task Force on Victims of Crime Study

Question 15

During the ______, victims were the focus of the justice system.

A) Industrial Revolution
B) Dark Ages
C) Middle Ages
D) modern times

Question 16

______ principle suggests that retribution is the key to justice.

A) Habeas corpus
B) Modus operandi
C) Mens rea
D) Lex talionis

Question 17

Which type of victim culpability suggests that an irresponsible act by a victim was taken advantage of by an offender?

A) victim precipitation
B) victim facilitation
C) victim provocation
D) victim culpability

Question 18

Which early Babylonian code required that equity be restored between the offender and the victim?

A) Code of Hammurabi
B) lex talionis
C) Roman Principles
D) Code of Athens

Question 19

What percentage of homicides did Marvin Wolfgang discover were precipitated by victims?

A) 5%
B) 11%
C) 26%
D) 34%

Question 20

When victims were the focus of the justice "system," which two principles guided most proceedings when an offender was determined guilty?

A) rehabilitation and community service
B) retribution and restitution
C) restoration and restitution
D) deterrence and rehabilitation

Question 21

Many police departments and prosecutors' offices offer victim assistance programs through which victims can receive information about available services.

Question 22

Feminists were concerned with how female victims were treated by the criminal justice system and pushed for victims of rape and domestic violence to receive special care and services.

Question 23

Victimology is considered a subfield of psychology.

Question 24

The National Crime Survey shed light on how much crime was not reported to law enforcement.

Question 25

Marvin Wolfgang found that for victim precipitated homicides, victims oftentimes knew the offender.

Question 26

Although the offender is ultimately responsible for crime victimization, it is difficult to change offender behavior.

Question 27

Domestic violence shelters and rape crisis centers started appearing in the ______.

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s

Question 28

Menachem Amir empirically studied victim precipitation in rape and sexual assaults.

Question 29

Menachem Amir found that rapes were likely to involve ______.

A) alcohol
B) coercion
C) abuse
D) injury

Question 30

Some victims only suffer a single victimization.

Question 31

One of the most influential movements for victims was the ______ movement.

A) LGBT
B) voter rights'
C) women's
D) child abuse

Question 32

Many persons who are victimized by crime do not report their experiences to the police.

Question 33

Marvin Wolfgang argued that crime victims could be placed into 1 of the 13 categories based on their propensity for victimization.

Question 34

Victim precipitation is defined as the extent to which a victim is responsible for his or her own victimization.

Question 35

An individual enters a home with the intent to burglarize it. He is shot. This would be considered victim provocation.

Question 36

New York was the first state to implement a crime victims' compensation program.

Question 37

The costs of crime are limited to tangible costs such as medical bills, loss of property, and so on.

Question 38

California was the first state to implement a Victims' Bill of Rights.

Question 39

Amir's study was quite controversial. It was attacked for ______.

A) his assertion that no further studies were needed
B) not using the scientific method
C) using a small sample size
D) blaming victims, namely women

Question 40

Victimologists use the scientific method to answer questions about ______.

A) offenders
B) abusers
C) victims
D) all of these

Question 41

Why is the work of Hans von Hentig important in the study of victimology?

Question 42

What are the similarities and differences between criminology and victimology?

Question 43

How are the 1980 President's Task Force on Victims of Crime and the 1998 New Directions from the Field related to each other?

Question 44

What are the three key developments that arose from the Women's Movement?

Question 45

How did the "father of criminology" classify crime victims?