Deck 5: Problems of Place: Urban, Suburban, and Rural

Question 1

In theory, federal urban renewal funds were supposed to help rehabilitate and redevelop urban neighborhood, but in practice they ____________.

A) increased the rates of U.S. Immigration
B) were used to replace slum lords
C) were never used for the replacement of housing for urban residents
D) were used to actually fund urban farming initiatives

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Urban centers are more likely to be __________.

A) highly segregated
B) integrated
C) desegregated
D) racially balanced

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A jobs/housing mismatch occurs when __________.

A) landlords do not hire their residents for jobs in the area
B) residents do not make enough money to stay in their current jobs
C) central-city residents cannot reach jobs on the urban fringe because of transportation issues
D) people you work with will not visit you because they fear your neighborhood

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The migration of middle- and high-income people into urban areas and their renovation of existing housing refers to the process of __________.

A) the sector model
B) concentration
C) gentrification
D) regionalization

Question 5

The most significant factor determining access to mortgage credit is __________.

A) the gender of the applicant
B) the bank account balance of the applicant
C) the race of the applicant
D) whether the applicant has a car

Question 6

Which of the following is true of conditions in urban areas?

A) The child poverty rate is the lowest.
B) The overall poverty rate is higher.
C) White residents are more likely to be concentrated in poverty areas here.
D) Most wealthy people have summer homes in these areas.

Question 7

"Environmental racism" refers to __________.

A) gentrification such that the poor cannot afford to buy homes in urban areas
B) moving companies into the suburbs because of lax environmental standards
C) the placement of noxious and toxin-producing industries and landfills near minority communities
D) mistreating minority owned companies that pollute the environment

Question 8

Corporations relocate because of __________.

A) increased costs of relocating
B) too much environmental regulation
C) the desire to follow trends
D) a perception that central cities are unsafe

Question 9

The federal cuts in money and services to central cities not only impacted the residents, but also __________.

A) improved the natural landscape
B) encouraged businesses and jobs to leave cities
C) put an end to redlining
D) improved the size of the tax base in the city

Question 10

"Redlining" refers to the practice of __________.

A) systematically refusing loans for housing in undesirable areas
B) providing loans in poor areas for the purpose of creating tax shelters
C) steering minorities away from some, mostly White communities
D) lining the lawns of new homes with only red flowers

Question 11

Beginning with the Reagan administration, there have been over three decades of __________.

A) federal disinvestment in affordable housing infrastructure housing and programs
B) increasing crime in suburban gated communities
C) Republican U.S. presidents elected to office
D) increased investment in urban rehabilitation of housing

Question 12

When opportunities are not present in the regular local economy, people in poor inner-city neighborhoods turn to an __________ for survival.

A) environmental economy
B) informal economy
C) occupied regional government
D) option based economy

Question 13

Which of the following is true of conditions in urban areas?

A) Poverty is not an issue in these areas.
B) People of color do not live in these areas.
C) There are large areas that are racially segregated.
D) The best schools are in the poorest areas.

Question 14

When developers and speculators look to gentrify communities they like purchasing warehoused property because __________.

A) the warehouse gives them space to start a business
B) the informal economy of the residents brings in more taxes
C) they are in the more affluent parts of the city
D) they don't have to deal with getting rid of poor residents

Question 15

"Warehousing" refers to __________.

A) the redevelopment of older, often run-down residential buildings
B) investors buying property in poor neighborhoods to rent to the poor
C) keeping emergency room patients waiting for days
D) purchasing property with the intent to move the poor out and sell to investors

Question 16

When landlords buy properties in poor neighborhoods but do not maintain them this is a form of __________.

A) slumlording
B) warehousing
C) bushwhacking
D) redlining

Question 17

When banks and other companies refuse to make home and small-business loans and insure property in poor and minority neighborhoods, it is called __________.

A) gentrification
B) White flight
C) warehousing
D) redlining

Question 18

Neighborhoods where at least two in five households live below the poverty line are considered __________.

A) suburban sprawl areas
B) high poverty areas
C) persistently poor counties
D) boomburgs

Question 19

Deindustrialization has __________.

A) decreased good-paying jobs
B) decreased unemployment in central cities
C) encouraged corporations to relocate to Northeastern cities
D) increased the standard of living for millions of workers

Question 20

Neighborhoods where at least one in five households lives below the poverty line are considered __________.

A) affluent poverty areas
B) central city poverty areas
C) persistently poor counties
D) boomburgs

Question 21

In addition to buying properties in poor neighborhoods and converting them to rental properties, a slumlord would also __________.

A) use alternative economic activities for survival
B) purchase and withhold apartments from the housing market for long-term investment
C) have no intention of investing in their upkeep and maintenance
D) actively recruited young White professionals to formerly blighted urban areas.

Question 22

A suburban city of at least 100,000 that has experienced double-digit growth each decade since it became urban is an example of __________.

A) urban sprawl
B) redlining
C) a boomburg
D) gentrification

Question 23

When low-density, automobile dependent development takes place outside of a central city, this is characterized as __________.

A) triage
B) regional government
C) suburban sprawl
D) colonias

Question 24

To make a profit off of real estate in urban areas by anticipating future gentrification, a landlord could __________.

A) decrease the rent to keep the current residents in place
B) withhold apartments from the housing market for long-term investment
C) buy expensive property and convert them to rental property for the poor
D) rent apartments to new immigrants who are underemployed

Question 25

Suburbanization has resulted in __________.

A) less traffic and shorter commutes to work
B) more diverse schools
C) urban sprawl and more air pollution
D) a decrease in residential segregation

Question 26

The most dramatic population shift in the United States in the past fifty years has been of people moving from __________.

A) cities to suburbs
B) farms to metropolitan areas
C) suburbs to rural areas
D) large cities to small cities

Question 27

The war on drugs is not being waged fairly because __________.

A) white people tend to be arrested more
B) lack of policing in inner cities allows drug crime to run rampant.
C) policing is largely centered in rural areas where drugs are often produced
D) it's largely focused on young African American males in poor inner-city neighborhoods.

Question 28

People who live in the suburbs are more likely than people who live in cities to __________.

A) drive to school and work
B) work close to home
C) use public transportation
D) quit their jobs

Question 29

In poor environments, residents often turn to __________.

A) alternative economic activities for survival
B) real estate speculators who purchase and withhold apartments from the housing market
C) landlords who buy properties in poor neighborhoods for jobs
D) young White professionals to get them to move into the neighborhood

Question 30

The health care problems associated with the disinvestment in urban centers include which of the following?

A) More people are able to afford quality treatment.
B) More city residents are unable to find quality health care.
C) The proportion of hospitals there that are owned by for-profits has increased.
D) Urban areas are some of the healthiest places in the United States.

Question 31

As a result of the dramatic population shift taking place in the United States since 1950 __________.

A) more Americans now live in the suburbs than in cities and rural areas
B) more people are relocating to urban areas
C) gentrification is at an all time low in major cities
D) more Americans now live in small towns and rural areas

Question 32

Suburbanization was __________.

A) a naturally occurring event
B) discouraged by the federal government
C) encouraged by the federal government
D) not profiting developers

Question 33

Because of poor health care in urban areas, chronic conditions such as diabetes __________.

A) do not exist because of healthy diets
B) often go untreated
C) are covered by insurance without a co-pay
D) are treated faster than other illnesses

Question 34

Although some middle-class Blacks have moved to the suburbs, others suburban residents are mostly __________.

A) Asian immigrants
B) Latino immigrants
C) upper-middle-class Whites
D) rappers and hip-hop video models

Question 35

Public schools in the United States are separate and unequal. The more affluent middle class tends to __________.

A) home school their children to keep them away from students of color
B) use their monetary resources to pay students of color to leave the neighborhood schools
C) move to the suburbs and have their children attend mostly-white schools
D) send their children to the most underfunded schools with the hope that gentrification will begin

Question 36

Which groups have participated in White flight?

A) Only upper middle-class Whites
B) New immigrants following White employers
C) Working-class Asians
D) Middle, upper-middle, and working-class Whites

Question 37

Citizens living in poor and minority areas in cities and metropolitan areas that have to deal with the illegal dumping of hazardous materials are victims of __________.

A) environmental racism
B) toxic reform efforts
C) the informal economy
D) suburban sprawl and gentrification

Question 38

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, an urban area is any town, city, or village __________.

A) with 2,500 or more inhabitants
B) with 25,000 or more inhabitants
C) with 250,000 or more inhabitants
D) that has grown by at least 25 percent in the last ten years.

Question 39

Which of the following is true about current mortgage lending practices?

A) Black/White lending differences have been eradicated.
B) Blacks with greater incomes are rejected more often than Whites with lower incomes.
C) Latinos with zero income are able to get better mortgage rates.
D) White people have harder times getting a mortgage when compared with Blacks.

Question 40

Since 1980 the federal government has made huge cuts in money and services to central cities, and these cuts have led to __________.

A) a fiscal crisis in urban areas
B) improved educational services
C) a booming population.
D) improvement in health care services

Question 41

An analysis of "White flight" would reveal __________.

A) the current trend of young White professionals moving into luxury condominiums and apartments that have been built for them in formerly blighted urban areas
B) the process of gentrification in formerly rundown cities
C) the mass exodus from the city to the suburbs by upper-middle-class, middle-class, and working-class Whites
D) the trend by White professionals to commute to work by airplane

Question 42

It has been shown that White flight can lead to __________.

A) cheaper airfare during the holidays
B) increased funding in urban areas
C) the development of better health care services in central cities
D) increased class and race segregation

Question 43

No other industrial nation has allowed the kind of decline and deterioration that faces U.S. urban centers.

Question 44

Even though the media coverage would have you think otherwise, __________.

A) more people work in rural areas than in central cities
B) people in rural America are just as involved in illicit drugs as their urban counterparts
C) most people in rural areas have greater access to public transportation than do residents of central cities
D) eighth graders in rural America are less likely to use cocaine and alcohol than their urban counterparts

Question 45

Arrests for illicit drug activity is at higher rates in rural areas than their urban counterparts.

Question 46

Though methamphetamine production takes place in rural areas, the drug is mostly used in urban areas.

Question 47

Some Latino immigrants create informal settlements/shanty towns called __________ in order to provide housing in extreme conditions of poverty.

A) colonias
B) mobile ghettos
C) boomburgias
D) impromptu suburbias

Question 48

Many people assume poverty rates are at their highest in rural areas, but they are the highest in __________.

A) central cities
B) suburbs
C) nonmetropolitan areas
D) small towns

Question 49

The most significant factor determining whether one will get credit in U.S. cities is one's credit rating.

Question 50

Residents in rural areas have __________.

A) unintentional property damage claims
B) health difficulties greater than those in metropolitan areas
C) better access to public transportation
D) more wealth than those in the suburbs

Question 51

If you are part of a population that resides in a small town or the open countryside, you would be considered to be living in a __________.

A) rural area
B) suburban area
C) metropolitan area
D) new urban sprawl

Question 52

"Redlining" refers to the practice of making loans to minorities in certain areas knowing they will more likely default and leave behind good investment opportunities for lenders.

Question 53

Suburbanization has been directly subsidized by the federal government.

Question 54

The arrest rate for drugs in rural areas is lower because __________.

A) there is not enough land in these areas to grow drugs
B) law enforcement agents do most of the drug farming
C) law enforcement officers have less resources and more space to patrol
D) law enforcement agents are not paid enough and resort to drugs to supplement their income

Question 55

Redlining, discrimination, and disinvestments ultimately lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy of decline in inner-city neighborhoods.

Question 56

As large corporations move into the global economy there is an associated increase in jobs in urban centers.

Question 57

Unlike in the past, high levels of racial segregation persist in only a handful of U.S. metropolitan areas.

Question 58

The war on drugs tends to target mostly urban cities, yet most methamphetamine production takes place in __________ and does not overshadow the news coverage of the perceived drug-filled urban areas.

A) rural areas
B) suburban areas
C) urban areas
D) school chemistry labs

Question 59

One of the advantages the rural poor have over the urban poor is they __________.

A) save money by riding horses instead of cars
B) have the ability to grow their own food
C) have higher wages for the same work
D) have more access to social services

Question 60

Since 1980 the federal government has made huge cuts in money and services to central cities, leading to fiscal crisis, a shrinking tax base, poor services, and a declining population.

Question 61

Nonmetropolitan areas are considered to be __________ and encompass 80 percent of the nation's land area.

Question 62

Studies find consistently that __________ have greater difficulty in receiving mortgage credit from banks.

Question 63

Class, __________, and the fear of crime, play into the corporate motivation to move to the fringes of urban areas.

Question 64

Over the past three decades, the __________ government has made huge cuts in dollars and services for central cities.

Question 65

How has employment changed in rural areas?
Ideal

Question 66

The process of __________ is not a naturally occurring phenomenon, but has been encouraged and subsidized by the federal government.

Question 67

What problems are caused by urban poverty in central cities?

Question 68

How does suburban sprawl negatively impact the environment?

Question 69

How is redlining practiced in urban areas?

Question 70

Discuss the effects of "White flight" on the quality of urban schools.
Ideal

Question 71

For over fifty years, there has been a dramatic __________ shift in the United States-people moving from cities to the suburbs.

Question 72

What health-related concerns exist for urban residents?
Ideal

Question 73

The perception of many corporations and their employees is that the __________ is unsafe and has a large minority workforce.

Question 74

The process of White flight continues to increase class and race __________.

Question 75

Discuss the environmental problems that impact rural America.
Ideal

Question 76

Of the fifty counties with the highest child poverty rate, __________ are in rural America.

Question 77

According to studies, what role does race play in getting mortgages and other loans from banks?

Question 78

Why is the drug arrest rate lower in rural America than in urban America?
Ideal

Question 79

As people leave the cities for the suburbs, they take their spending and their __________ with them, leaving city businesses less profitable.

Question 80

Although poverty rates are highest in central cities, research shows that poverty in rural areas are higher for racial and ethnic minorities. What are the regions of highest rural poverty?