Deck 10: Air Pollution

Question 1

A major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)is

A)incomplete burning of hydrocarbons.
B)combustion of sulfur-containing fuel.
C)photochemical oxidation.
D)CO in the atmosphere.
E)CO₂ in the atmosphere.

Answer 1

incomplete burning of hydrocarbons.

Question 2

Primary pollutants are those that are

A)released directly in dangerous forms.
B)produced in the greatest quantities.
C)the most dangerous.
D)the most threatening to people.
E)classified by the EPA as the most dangerous and abundant.

Answer 2

released directly in dangerous forms.

Question 3

Worldwide,air pollution control efforts are least advanced or least successful in major cities of developing countries.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Most of the excessive carbon dioxide that is expected to cause global warming is generated by

A)green plants.
B)burning of fossil fuels.
C)production of cement and clearing of forests.
D)burning of fossil fuels and production of cement and clearing of forests only.

Question 5

________ is/are examples of secondary pollutants.

A)Aerosols
B)Volatile organic compounds
C)Photochemical oxidants
D)Combustion gases
E)Dust from soil erosion

Question 6

The "ozone hole" is a depletion currently most serious

A)at the most populated latitudes.
B)over North America.
C)in tropical latitudes.
D)near the Hadley cells.
E)near the poles.

Question 7

The amount of CO₂ released by human activities per year is approximately ________.

A)30 million tons
B)300 million tons
C)3 billion tons
D)30 billion tons
E)300 billion tons

Question 8

The ________ is an international treaty designed to eliminate CFCs.

A)Montreal Accord
B)Kyoto Protocol
C)International Agreement on CFC Reduction
D)Montreal Protocol
E)Clean Air Act

Question 9

Airborne mercury has received special attention because it is a widespread and persistent neurotoxin (a substance that damages the brain and nervous system).Minute doses can cause nerve damage and other impairments,especially in young children and developing fetuses.The majority of airborne mercury is released by ________.

A)metal ore smelting
B)coal-burning power plants
C)waste combustion
D)nuclear power plants
E)wood-burning power plants

Question 10

The air pollutant least successfully removed from the air by technologies in developed nations is

A)carbon dioxide.
B)sulfur oxides.
C)nitrogen oxides.
D)particulate matter.
E)VOCs.

Question 11

________ ozone is harmful,damaging plants and human health while ozone at the ________ level screens out mutagenic ultraviolet radiation.

A)Stratospheric;troposphere
B)Thermospheric;mesosphere
C)Tropospheric;stratosphere
D)Mesospheric;thermosphere
E)Stratospheric;mesosphere

Question 12

________ interacts with ________ to produce photochemical oxidants in smog.

A)VOCs,Nitrous Oxides
B)Particulate matter,O₃
C)VOCs.O₃
D)HAPs,VOCs
E)Aerosols,VOCs

Question 13

The use of scrubbers,precipitators,and filters on power plants and other "smokestack" industries probably accounts for a(n)

A)increase in nitrogen oxides.
B)decrease in sulfur oxides and solid particulate matter.
C)decrease in volatile organic compounds,carbon monoxide,solid particulate matter,and lead.
D)decrease in solid particulate matter and lead.
E)decrease in nitrogen oxides,sulfur oxides,volatile organic compounds,solid particulate matter,and lead.

Question 14

Given what we know about the probability of the greenhouse effect,the best thing to do is

A)consider the implication of immediately ceasing all industrial activity.
B)wait and see how much temperatures change before we change our habits.
C)severely cut back on production of greenhouse gases.
D)not worry about greenhouse gas production.
E)focus on the development of technological advances to help decrease the effects of climate change.

Question 15

There are serious signs that ozone depletion may lead to

A)UV-caused skin cancers.
B)UV-caused blindness.
C)IR-caused sunburn.
D)UV-caused skin cancers and UV-caused blindness only.

Question 16

What type of buildings and monuments are most susceptible to acid damage?

A)granite and basalt
B)wood
C)limestone and marble
D)concrete and brick
E)brick and bronze

Question 17

The phenomenon where cool,dense air sits under a layer of lighter warmer air is known as a ________.

A)heat sink
B)heat island
C)temperature inversion
D)Milankovitch cycle
E)thermocline

Question 18

One of the principal ways lakes suffer from acid deposition is that

A)rocks on the bottom begin to dissolve.
B)fish eggs die and fish populations fall.
C)aquatic vegetation turns yellow.
D)plants grow excessively and choke other life.

Question 19

The following pollutants and trace gases have the highest estimated anthropogenic fluxes to the atmosphere,except

A)carbon dioxide
B)carbon monoxide
C)methane
D)nitrogen oxides
E)suspended particulate matter

Question 20

The most common human health response to air pollution is

A)inflammatory responses in sensitive tissues.
B)lung cancer.
C)blindness caused by deteriorating eye tissues.
D)skin cancer.
E)heart disease.

Question 21

In ________,the Clean Air Act amendments identified criteria pollutants and set standards for emission of those pollutants.

A)1970
B)1956
C)1963
D)1977
E)1990

Question 22

Cap and trade policies have been successful in lowering the levels of carbon dioxide and CFCs.

Question 23

Which of the following is a criteria pollutant responsible for interacting with precipitation to form acid rain?

A)SO₂
B)lead
C)VOCs
D)CO
E)particulate materials

Question 24

Since the passing of the Clean Air Act amendments in 1990,the aggregate emissions from the 6 common pollutants have

A)decreased by about 40% even as GDP and population increased.
B)stayed the same despite more industry.
C)increased as GDP increased.
D)decreased because energy used has declined.
E)decreased slightly due to the increase by 64% in GDP.

Question 25

Wind currents

A)send air pollution from one continent to the next.
B)keep CFCs from reaching the ozone hole.
C)eliminate the movement of dust particles from watershed to watershed.
D)circulate global carbon dioxide to regions with more vegetation for photosynthesis.

Question 26

The structure on an automobile that removes nitrogen oxides is a(n)

A)catalytic converter.
B)scrubber.
C)air filter.
D)electrostatic precipitator.