Deck 3: Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Question 1

What are the two principal classes of bonding called?

A)ionic bonding and nuclear bonding
B)covalent bonding and hydrogen bonding
C)hydrogen bonding and ionic bonding
D)polar bonding and ionic bonding
E)ionic bonding and covalent bonding

Answer 1

ionic bonding and covalent bonding

Question 2

Considering the electronegativity values indicated in the table, which covalent bond is the most polar?

A)C−H
B)N−O
C)Cl−F
D)H−F
E)F−F

Answer 2

H−F

Question 3

A covalent bond involves which of the following?

A)sharing of electrons between two atoms
B)transfer of electrons between two atoms
C)donation of protons from one atom to another
D)electrostatic attraction between opposite charges
E)sharing of protons between two atoms

Answer 3

sharing of electrons between two atoms

Question 4

Which formula represents ammonia?

A)Al₃
B)AlH₃
C)NH₄+
D)NH₃
E)AN₄

Question 5

In what region on the periodic table are elements with the lowest electronegativity values found?

A)upper right corner
B)bottom right corner
C)upper left corner
D)bottom left corner
E)middle

Question 6

What is the name of the ion NH₄+_?

A)nitrogen tetrahydrate
B)nitrogen hydrate
C)mononitrogen tetrahydrogen
D)ninhydrin
E)ammonium

Question 7

Which of the following compounds contains a polyatomic ion?

A)NaOH
B)HCl
C)Ca₃N₂
D)MgBr₂
E)NH₃

Question 8

Which statement about chemical bonds is FALSE?

A)The sharing of electrons between two nonmetals results in a covalent bond.
B)The attraction between oppositely charged ions results in an ionic bond.
C)The electrons in covalent bonds may be shared equally or unequally between the atoms.
D)A bond dipole is the separation of charge that results when atoms sharing electrons have different electronegativity values.
E)A nonpolar covalent bond is one in which electrons are not shared equally between the atoms.

Question 9

What is the Lewis symbol of the fluoride ion?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 10

What is the three-dimensional arrangement of positive and negative ions in an ionic solid called?

A)dipole
B)polyatomic structure
C)crystal lattice
D)cubic ionic structure
E)intermolecular ionic forces

Question 11

Which statement about compounds is FALSE?

A)Compounds consist of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together.
B)The elements in a compound cannot be separated or recovered by a physical process.
C)Ionic compounds are composed of cations and anions.
D)Covalent compounds are composed of metals and nonmetals.
E)Intermolecular forces are attractive forces between molecules of a compound, and are responsible for the compound?s physical properties.

Question 12

What is the name of Fe²⁺ in the Stock system?

A)iron 2 ion
B)iron(II) ion
C)ferric(II) ion
D)ferrous 2⁺ ion
E)iron cation

Question 13

What kind of bonding exists in substances that consist of discrete molecules?

A)ionic
B)covalent
C)hydrogen bonding
D)intermolecular
E)polar

Question 14

What is the formula of the compound sulfur trioxide?

A)S₃O
B)SO₃
C)S(O₂)₃
D)S₃O₂
E)S₃O^2?

Question 15

Emergency treatment of cardiac arrest victims sometimes involves injection of a calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solution directly into the heart muscle.Which statement about the compound CaCl₂ is FALSE?

A)This compound is an ionic compound.
B)The cation in this compound is Ca²⁺.
C)The anion in this compound is Cl₂−_.
D)There are two chloride ions in this compound.
E)The net charge on this compound is zero.

Question 16

A molecule of deoxyribose, an essential part of DNA, contains five carbon atoms, ten hydrogen atoms, and four oxygen atoms.How would the formula of deoxyribose be represented?

A)5C10H4O
B)C5H10O4
C)C₅H₁₀O₄
D)C⁵H¹⁰O⁴
E)All formulas are acceptable.

Question 17

What is the name of the ionic compound with the formula Na₃PO₄?

A)silver phosphite
B)sodium phosphorus oxide
C)trisilver tetraphosphate
D)trisodium tetraphosphate
E)sodium phosphate

Question 18

Which combination of atoms is most likely to form an ionic compound if they are allowed to react with each other?

A)metal and metal
B)metal and nonmetal
C)nonmetal and nonmetal
D)metalloid and metalloid
E)All combinations are likely to form an ionic compound.

Question 19

What does it mean if an atom is said to have a high electronegativity?

A)The atom requires a large amount of energy to remove an electron from its structure.
B)The atom is highly susceptible to losing a valence electron.
C)The atom has a strong attraction for electrons in a chemical bond.
D)The atom releases a large amount of energy when it gains an electron.
E)The atom has more electrons around it than necessary; the atom has an expanded octet.

Question 20

What is the formula of the ionic compound formed when ions of calcium and nitrogen combine?

A)CaN
B)CaN₂
C)Ca₂N
D)Ca₃N₂
E)Ca₂N₃

Question 21

Formaldehyde is a covalent compound used as a preservative for biological specimens.Which statement concerning the Lewis structure of formaldehyde, shown below, is FALSE?

A)Four electrons are being shared between the carbon and oxygen atoms.
B)The oxygen atom has four valence electrons that are not being shared.
C)The oxygen and carbon atoms each have an octet of electrons in their valence shells.
D)The hydrogen atoms have incomplete valence shells.
E)There are a total of 12 valence electrons in formaldehyde.

Question 22

Vehicle airbags inflate when the ionic compound sodium azide rapidly decomposes to the elements sodium and nitrogen.If the azide ion is a polyatomic ion with the formula N₃−_, what is the formula of sodium azide?

A)NaN₃
B)Na₃N₃
C)Na₃(N₃)₃
D)Na₃N
E)Na(N₃)₃

Question 23

At what temperature is a liquid converted into a gas?

A)the boiling point of the liquid
B)the combustion point of the liquid
C)the flash point of the liquid
D)the condensation point of the liquid
E)100°C

Question 24

What is the name of the ion whose formula is NO₃-_?

A)nitrogen trioxide ion
B)nitrate ion
C)ammonium ion
D)sodium oxide ion
E)nitride ion

Question 25

Which statement about general bonding characteristics is FALSE?

A)Bond energy is the amount of energy required to break a bond holding two atoms together.
B)Bond length is the distance of separation of two nuclei in a covalent bond.
C)Triple bonds have higher bond energies than double bonds.
D)Single bonds are easier to break than double bonds.
E)A triple bond is longer than a single bond.

Question 26

What statement about the ammonia molecule, NH₃, is FALSE?

A)The molecule contains three polar bonds.
B)The molecule itself is not polar.
C)The molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape.
D)The nitrogen atom has one nonbonding pair of electrons.
E)The pull of the electrons in the N?H bonds is toward the nitrogen atom.

Question 27

The polyatomic ion known as the diphosphate ion is an important intermediate formed in metabolic processes.If the ionic compound calcium diphosphate has the formula Ca₂P₂O₇, which of the following correctly represents the symbol for the diphosphate ion?

A)P₂O₇4−
B)P₂O₇14−
C)PO⁴⁺
D)P₂O₇2−
E)PO²⁻

Question 28

How many dots are present in the Lewis symbol for the fluorine atom?

A)5
B)6
C)7
D)8
E)10

Question 29

Which properly represents the Lewis structure of hydrogen sulfide, H₂S?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 30

The drug "lithium" is often prescribed to treat mental illness.It is not the element lithium, but the ionic compound Li₂CO₃, that is actually administered.What is the name of this compound?

A)dilithium carbon trioxide
B)lithium carbide
C)lithium carboxide
D)lithium carbonate
E)lithium tricarbonate

Question 31

The ionic compound iron(II) sulfate is used in iron-containing supplements.What does the (II) in the name of this compound specifically indicate?

A)There are two iron ions in this compound.
B)The charge on the iron ion is +2.
C)The charge on the sulfate ion is −2.
D)Iron has two valence electrons.
E)There are two sulfate ions in this compound.

Question 32

What is the formula of the ionic compound sodium carbonate?

A)NaCO₂
B)Na₂CO₂
C)Na₂CO₃
D)Na(CO₃)₂
E)Na₃CO₃

Question 33

What is the name of CuF₂ in the Stock system?

A)copper(I) fluoride
B)copper(II) fluorate
C)copper difluoride
D)copper fluoride
E)copper(II) fluoride

Question 34

What is the name of the compound whose formula is CCl₄?

A)carbon tetrachloride
B)carbon(IV) chloride
C)carbon chloride
D)carbotetrachloride
E)carbonate tetrachloride

Question 35

What is wrong with the Lewis structure shown for sulfur trioxide, SO₃?

A)Oxygen, not sulfur, should be the central atom.
B)Sulfur should have 10 electrons around it instead of 8, to show its expanded octet.
C)The structure shows 26 valence electrons, but there should only be 24.
D)There are too many bonding electrons shown.
E)The structure should show each oxygen atom with a double bond to the sulfur atom.

Question 36

Baking soda consists of the ionic compound sodium bicarbonate.What is the formula of this compound?

A)Na(CO₃)₂
B)Na₂CO₃
C)NaBiCO₃
D)NaHCO₃
E)Na₂HCO₃

Question 37

What is the formula of the sulfate ion?

A)SO₄-
B)SO₃-
C)SO₄2-
D)SO₃2-
E)SO₂2-

Question 38

Predict the formula of the compound formed when ions of sodium and sulfur combine.

A)Na₂S
B)NaS₂
C)NaS
D)Na₂S₂
E)Na₃S

Question 39

Which of the following Lewis structures represent resonance forms of ozone, O₃?

A)A and B
B)B and C
C)C and D
D)A and C
E)A and D

Question 40

What is the Lewis structure of methanethiol, CH₃SH?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 41

What is the name of Fe₂(SO₄)₃ in the Stock system?

A)iron monosulfuric acid
B)iron(II) sulfate
C)iron(III) sulfate
D)iron trisulfate
E)iron(II) trisulfate

Question 42

Which element has the greatest electronegativity?

A)Si
B)P
C)Cl
D)Ar
E)Br

Question 43

How many total valence electrons are in SO₄^2- ?

A)2
B)64
C)32
D)12
E)16

Question 44

In the compound shown below, how can the bond between carbon and chlorine be described?

A)intermolecular
B)ionic
C)nonpolar covalent
D)polar covalent
E)nonpolar ionic

Question 45

What kind of bond results when electron transfer occurs between atoms of two different elements?

A)ionic
B)covalent
C)nonpolar
D)single
E)double

Question 46

What is the Stock name of Cu⁺?

A)cupric ion
B)cuprous ion
C)copper(I) ion
D)copper(II) ion
E)cuprate ion

Question 47

How many nonbonding electrons are in CH₄?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)8

Question 48

Which element has the greatest electronegativity?

A)H
B)Cl
C)O
D)F
E)Na

Question 49

Assuming reactions between the following pairs of elements, which pair is most likely to form an ionic compound?

A)copper and tin
B)chlorine and oxygen
C)cesium and iodine
D)carbon and chlorine
E)fluorine and iodine

Question 50

Which Lewis symbol for an ion is incorrect?

A)[Na]⁺
B)[Ca]²⁺
C)[Sn]⁴⁺
D)
E)

Question 51

Assuming reactions between the following pairs of elements, which pair is most likely to form a covalent compound?

A)lithium and iodine
B)sodium and oxygen
C)calcium and chlorine
D)copper and tin
E)carbon and oxygen

Question 52

What term describes a solution of a compound in water that does not conduct an electric current?

A)amorphous solution
B)an electrolyte solution
C)a nonelectrolyte solution
D)superconducting solution
E)isoelectric solution

Question 53

How many bonding electrons are in CO₂?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)8

Question 54

In the molecule AX₂, the central atom A has two lone pairs of electrons in addition to the two bond pairs in the A-X bonds.What is the shape of this molecule?

A)bent, bond angle close to 109.5^o
B)bent, bond angle close to 120^o
C)linear
D)trigonal planar
E)trigonal pyramidal

Question 55

What term describes the temperature at which a solid is converted into a liquid?

A)critical point
B)flash point
C)sublimation point
D)melting point
E)boiling point

Question 56

The ionic compound magnesium hydroxide can be found in antacid tablets.What is the formula of magnesium hydroxide?

A)Mg₂OH
B)MgOH₂
C)MgO₂H₂
D)Mg(OH)₂
E)MgOH

Question 57

Which one of the following is NOT true about elements that form cations?

A)The atoms lose electrons in forming ions.
B)The elements are metals.
C)They are located to the left of the periodic table.
D)They have low ionization energies.
E)They have high electron affinities.

Question 58

How many bonding electrons are present in the Lewis structure for the bicarbonate ion, shown below?

A)4
B)5
C)8
D)10
E)24

Question 59

What is the correct formula of diphosphorus pentoxide?

A)P₅O₂
B)PO₂
C)P₂O₄
D)P₂O₅
E)P₅O

Question 60

If the shape of a molecule is tetrahedral, what are the values of the bond angles?

A)90^o
B)109.5^o
C)120^o
D)180^o
E)90^o and 120^o

Question 61

What is the proper name for Mg(CN)₂?

A)manganese carbon nitride
B)manganese dicyanide
C)magnesium dicarbon dinitride
D)magnesium(II) dicyanide
E)magnesium cyanide

Question 62

Which of the following Lewis structures has a possible resonance structure?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 63

In Lewis symbols, the chemical symbol of an element represents both the nucleus and the lower energy (nonvalence) electrons.

Question 64

In solid NaCl, no molecules of NaCl exist.

Question 65

The name of SnO₂ is tin(II) oxide.

Question 66

What is the molecular geometry of CO₂?

A)linear
B)trigonal planar
C)angular
D)trigonal pyramidal
E)tetrahedral

Question 67

A certain compound has a very high melting point, and when it dissolves in water the solution conducts electricity.Which one of the following compounds would have these properties?

A)O₂
B)Cr
C)CCl₄
D)Na₂SO₄
E)He

Question 68

What is the proper name for N₂O₅?

A)nitrogen(IV) oxide
B)dinitrogen pentoxide
C)nitrogen oxide
D)nitrate
E)nitrite

Question 69

Draw the Lewis structures of F₂, O₂ and N₂.Which statement is true?

A)All three molecules have a single bond between the atoms.
B)Both O₂ and N₂ have double bonds connecting the atoms.
C)Fluorine has the shortest bond between the two atoms.
D)The bond between the nitrogen atoms in N₂ is stronger than the bond in F₂ and O₂.
E)All three molecules have triple bonds between the atoms.

Question 70

Which statement is TRUE concerning the solubility of a substance in H₂O?

A)Polar and nonpolar substances are equally soluble in water.
B)A nonpolar substance is soluble in water.
C)All substances are soluble in water.
D)Solubility of a substance in water has no relationship to the polarity of the substance being dissolved.
E)A polar substance is soluble in water.

Question 71

The common name of iron(III) chloride is ferric chloride.

Question 72

A covalent bond is formed when

A)two metals share a pair of electrons.
B)a metal and a nonmetal share a pair of electrons.
C)a nonmetal donates an electron to a metal.
D)cations and anions join as an ion pair.
E)two nonmetals share a pair of electrons.

Question 73

What is the formula of iron(III) bromide?

A)Fe(Br₂)3
B)Fe₃Br
C)Fe₃Br₃
D)FeBr₃
E)Fe₂Br₃

Question 74

Which of the following would NOT describe the Lewis structure of PF₃?

A)The Lewis structure has a double bond between phosphorus and one of the fluorine atoms.
B)No resonance structures can be drawn.
C)The molecule has a lone pair (nonbonding pair) on the central atom.
D)The Lewis structure has 26 valence electrons.
E)The Lewis structure is not an exception to the octet rule.

Question 75

There are three atoms of iodine represented in the formula NaIO₃.

Question 76

Which of the following is an essential feature of ionic bonding?

A)Elements with high ionization energy form bonds with elements with high electron affinity.
B)Elements with high ionization energy form bonds with elements with low electron affinity.
C)Elements with low ionization energy form bonds with elements with low electron affinity.
D)Elements with low ionization energy form bonds with elements with high electron affinity.
E)The ionization and electron affinity of elements does not determine bonding.

Question 77

According to the VSEPR theory, what is the geometry (shape) around the phosphorus atom in the Lewis structure shown below?

A)linear
B)bent (angular)
C)trigonal planar
D)trigonal pyramidal
E)tetrahedral

Question 78

Which of the following bonds would be the most polar?

A)P-F
B)N-F
C)S-Cl
D)Br-Br
E)F-F

Question 79

Which compound contains a central atom with an exception to the octet rule known as an expanded octet?

A)BeH₂
B)NO
C)PF₅
D)CH₄
E)BF₃

Question 80

Ionic solids are amorphous.