Deck 13: Aldehydes and Ketones

Question 1

Propylene glycol, shown below, is a nontoxic diol used as a solvent for pharmaceutical drugs, and as a moisturizing agent for foods.When ingested, both alcohol functional groups are oxidized by enzymes in the liver to produce pyruvic acid, a compound with the formula C₃H₄O₃.What is the structure of pyruvic acid?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the common name of the following compound?

A)propanone
B)propanal
C)2-propyl ketone
D)1-propyl ketone
E)acetone

Answer 2

acetone

Question 3

Which statement best describes the structural difference between aldehydes and ketones?

A)Aldehydes contain a hydroxyl group; ketones contain a carbonyl group.
B)Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group on an end carbon of the carbon chain; ketones contain a carbonyl group on a carbon within the carbon chain.
C)Ketones are cyclic compounds; aldehydes are acyclic compounds.
D)The carbonyl group of a ketone is bonded to an oxygen atom; the carbonyl group of an aldehyde is bonded to a hydrogen atom.
E)The carbonyl group of an aldehyde is bonded to two carbon atoms; the carbonyl group of a ketone is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.

Answer 3

Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group on an end carbon of the carbon chain; ketones contain a carbonyl group on a carbon within the carbon chain.

Question 4

What is the common name of the simplest aldehyde?

A)acetal
B)methal
C)acetaldehyde
D)formaldehyde
E)formal

Question 5

What is the structure of ethyl isopropyl ketone?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 6

What is the name of the aqueous solution of formaldehyde that is available commercially as a tissue preservative?

A)acetone
B)formalin
C)acetaldehyde
D)glycerol
E)enol

Question 7

The presence of a carbonyl group has which effect on the physical properties of a compound?

A)The carbonyl group decreases the polarity of the compound.
B)The carbonyl group increases the boiling point of the compound.
C)The carbonyl group decreases the water solubility of the compound.
D)The carbonyl group increases the ability of the compound to form ionic bonds.
E)The carbonyl group decreases the melting point of the compound.

Question 8

An unknown compound is highly water soluble, forms a silver mirror in the Tollens' test, and forms a red precipitate in the Benedict's test.Which of the following compounds is consistent with this data?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 9

Which of the following compounds would be expected to react similarly in a chemical reaction?

A)I and III
B)II and IV
C)I and IV
D)I, II, and IV
E)I, III, and IV

Question 10

What is the proper IUPAC name of the three carbon aldehyde?

A)propanal
B)butanal
C)acetal
D)propanone
E)propanol

Question 11

Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid sometimes taken by athletes to build muscle mass.Which of the following correctly describes the organic families to which nandrolone belongs?

A)ketone, alkene, alcohol
B)aldehyde, alkene, phenol
C)ketone, alkene, phenol
D)aldehyde, aromatic, alcohol
E)keto, enol, aromatic

Question 12

Methanol is toxic if ingested.The toxicity is due to the aldehyde produced when methanol is oxidized in the liver.Which of the following is the aldehyde formed by the oxidation of methanol?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 13

What compound is produced when 2-methyl-3-pentanol is oxidized?

A)2-methyl-3-pentanone
B)2-methyl-3-pentanal
C)2-methyl-3-pentene
D)2-methylpentone
E)It does not undergo oxidation.

Question 14

Where in the body is ethanol oxidized to produce ethanal?

A)stomach
B)liver
C)small intestine
D)large intestine
E)Both small intestine and large intestine are correct.

Question 15

What is the IUPAC name of the aldehyde produced when ethanol is oxidized?

A)acetal
B)acetone
C)ethanal
D)ethanone
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 16

What is the structure of the compound produced by the oxidation of ethanal?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 17

What class of compounds is formed by oxidation of aldehydes?

A)enols
B)carboxylic acids
C)ketones
D)acetals
E)Aldehydes do not undergo oxidation.

Question 18

Which of the statements concerning the compound shown below is FALSE?

A)Its name is cyclopentanone.
B)Its molecular formula is C₅H₈O.
C)Molecules of this compound are held together in a collection by dipole-dipole attractions.
D)It may be formed by the oxidation of cyclopentanol.
E)It can be oxidized to produce a carboxylic acid.

Question 19

What is the general formula of a ketone?

A)R-O-R
B)R-O-H
C)
D)
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 20

The compound decanal contributes to the odor and flavor of an orange.Which of the following statements about decanal is FALSE?

A)It is an aldehyde.
B)It contains a saturated chain of ten carbons.
C)It contains a carbonyl group on the first carbon of the carbon chain.
D)It can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with other molecules of decanal.
E)It is insoluble in water.

Question 21

What simple ketone is commonly used as a solvent?

A)acetal
B)formalin
C)acetone
D)benzanal
E)butanone

Question 22

What type of compound is produced by the oxidation of an aldehyde?

A)carboxylic acid
B)alcohol
C)alkane
D)hemiacetal
E)acetone

Question 23

What is the name of the organic product formed when the compound, CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO, is reduced by addition of H₂?

A)butane
B)1-butanol
C)1-butanone
D)butanal
E)butanoic acid

Question 24

What kind of compound is produced by the reaction of an aldehyde with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of acid?

A)ether
B)ketone
C)carboxylic acid
D)hemiacetal
E)alkyne

Question 25

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

A)4-octanone
B)1-propyl butanal
C)-heptanone
D)dipropyl ether
E)4-heptanal

Question 26

What is the name of the organic product formed when the compound shown is oxidized?

A)2-butanol
B)butanone
C)butanal
D)butyl ketone
E)methyl ethyl ether

Question 27

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

A)formaldehyde
B)acetone
C)propanone
D)propanal
E)ethanal

Question 28

Which of the following does NOT represent an oxidation reaction?

A)ethanal → ethanol
B)benzaldehyde → benzoic acid
C)2-propanol → propanone
D)1-propanol → propanal
E)All of the reactions are oxidation reactions.

Question 29

What type of compound is formed in the following reaction?

A)acetal
B)aldehyde
C)hemiacetal
D)enol
E)ketone

Question 30

The compound butanone does not need a number to specify the location of the carbonyl group on the parent carbon chain.Which of the following best explains why?

A)The C=O is assumed to be on C-1 of the parent chain if it is not specified.
B)The C=O can only be on C-2 of the parent chain in this compound for it to be a ketone.
C)The C=O is on an end carbon in this compound, and therefore does not need to be specified.
D)The location of a C=O does not need to be specified for a cyclic ketone.
E)The location of the C=O in this compound is not significant to the name.

Question 31

Which of the following best describes the structure of an enol?

A)contains a triple bond and a carbonyl group
B)contains only single bonds and a hydroxyl group
C)contains a double bond and a hydroxyl group
D)contains a double bond and a carbonyl group
E)contains only single bonds and a carbonyl group

Question 32

Which structure/name combination is incorrect?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 33

What is the IUPAC name for the product of the reaction shown?

A)acetone
B)methanal
C)acetic acid
D)acetal
E)propanone

Question 34

Which of the following is a hemiacetal?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 35

Which of the following will give a silver mirror when treated with Tollens' reagent?

A)2-pentanone
B)propanone
C)hexanal
D)1-pentanol
E)2-pentanol

Question 36

What alcohol undergoes oxidation to produce acetic acid?

A)methanol
B)ethanol
C)propanol
D)isopropyl alcohol
E)acetone

Question 37

What class of compounds is represented by the general formula RCHO?

A)ketones
B)carboxylic acids
C)alkenes
D)alcohols
E)aldehydes

Question 38

Acetone is the simplest ketone.Not only is it used industrially as a solvent, but it is also produced by the body as a product of lipid metabolism.What is the structure of acetone?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 39

What is the IUPAC name of the compound produced in the liver that is responsible for the symptoms of a hangover?

A)acetone
B)acetic acid
C)ethanol
D)ethanal
E)2-propanol

Question 40

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

A)2-methylpropanone
B)2-butanal
C)2-butanyl
D)butanone
E)2-methyl-2-propanone

Question 41

Benedict's test can be used to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone.

Question 42

Aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids.

Question 43

An acetal contains two ether functional groups.

Question 44

A hemiacetal contains two ether functional groups.

Question 45

In any pair of keto-enol tautomers, the keto form is generally more stable than the enol form.

Question 46

The most oxidized organic form of a primary alcohol is a ketone.

Question 47

Small (low molecular weight) aldehyde molecules are generally more water-soluble than large ones.

Question 48

A ketone will react with Tollens' reagent to produce a silver mirror, but an aldehyde will not.

Question 49

Formaldehyde is used to kill viruses without damaging their genetic information.

Question 50

The compound shown below is the enol form of butanal.

Question 51

When a hemiacetal reacts with an alcohol, an acetal is formed.This is how disaccharides and polysaccharides are formed.What is the structure of the acetal formed in the following reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 52

Pure formaldehyde is a liquid at room temperature.

Question 53

Which of the following pairs of reactant molecules can react in the presence of a trace of acid to give a hemiacetal molecule?

A)a ketone and an aldehyde
B)an aldehyde and an alkene
C)an aldehyde and an alcohol
D)two ketones
E)two aldehydes

Question 54

A ketone can be reduced to a primary alcohol.

Question 55

The oxidation of isopropyl alcohol produces propanone.