Deck 16: Gastrointestinal Drugs

Question 1

Match the categories of GI drugs with the listed samples.
Antidiarrheal

A)Lomotil (diphenoxylate with atropine)
B)Zofran (ondansetron)
C)Mylicon (simethicone)
D)Tums (calcium carbonate)

Answer 1

Lomotil (diphenoxylate with atropine)

Question 2

Match each item with the correct statement below.
Neutralizes stomach acid; treats heartburn

A)Antacids
B)Antidiarrheals
C)Probiotics
D)Antiflatulents
E)GI antispasmodics

Answer 2

Antacids

Question 3

Match each item with the correct statement below.
Agents to calm the bowel; treats inflammatory bowel disorder

A)Antacids
B)Antidiarrheals
C)Probiotics
D)Antiflatulents
E)GI antispasmodics

Answer 3

GI antispasmodics

Question 4

Match the categories of GI drugs with the listed samples.
Antiflatulent

A)Lomotil (diphenoxylate with atropine)
B)Zofran (ondansetron)
C)Mylicon (simethicone)
D)Tums (calcium carbonate)

Question 5

Drugs that act by partially neutralizing gastric hydrochloric acid are _______.

A) antacid preparations
B) antiulcer preparations
C) antiflatulents
D) laxatives

Question 6

Match each item with the correct statement below.
Agents to treat loose, watery or frequent stools

A)Antacids
B)Antidiarrheals
C)Probiotics
D)Antiflatulents
E)GI antispasmodics

Question 7

Match the categories of GI drugs with the listed samples.
Antacid

A)Lomotil (diphenoxylate with atropine)
B)Zofran (ondansetron)
C)Mylicon (simethicone)
D)Tums (calcium carbonate)

Question 8

Match the classification of GI drugs with the listed samples.
Antispasmodic

A)Dicyclomine (Bentyl))
B)Metamucil (psyllium)
C)Azulfidine (sulfasalazine)
D)Prilosec (omeprazole)

Question 9

Drugs that act by reducing gastric acid secretion are __________.

A) antacid preparations
B) antiulcer preparations
C) antiflatulent preparations
D) laxative

Question 10

Match each item with the correct statement below.
Agents to treat nausea and vomiting

A)H2 blockers, PPIs, gastric mucosal agents
B)Laxatives and cathartics
C)Antiemetics
D)Salicylates and glucocorticoids
E)High-fiber diet, fluids, good habits

Question 11

Match each item with the correct statement below.
Agents to treat GERD and ulcers

A)H2 blockers, PPIs, gastric mucosal agents
B)Laxatives and cathartics
C)Antiemetics
D)Salicylates and glucocorticoids
E)High-fiber diet, fluids, good habits

Question 12

Match the classification of GI drugs with the listed samples.
Laxative

A)Dicyclomine (Bentyl))
B)Metamucil (psyllium)
C)Azulfidine (sulfasalazine)
D)Prilosec (omeprazole)

Question 13

Match each item with the correct statement below.
Nonpharmacologic methods to manage constipation

A)H2 blockers, PPIs, gastric mucosal agents
B)Laxatives and cathartics
C)Antiemetics
D)Salicylates and glucocorticoids
E)High-fiber diet, fluids, good habits

Question 14

Match each item with the correct statement below.
Agents to manage gas; breaks up bubbles

A)Antacids
B)Antidiarrheals
C)Probiotics
D)Antiflatulents
E)GI antispasmodics

Question 15

Match the categories of GI drugs with the listed samples.
Antiemetic

A)Lomotil (diphenoxylate with atropine)
B)Zofran (ondansetron)
C)Mylicon (simethicone)
D)Tums (calcium carbonate)

Question 16

Match the classification of GI drugs with the listed samples.
Antiulcer

A)Dicyclomine (Bentyl))
B)Metamucil (psyllium)
C)Azulfidine (sulfasalazine)
D)Prilosec (omeprazole)

Question 17

Match each item with the correct statement below.
Agents to treat inflammatory bowel disease

A)H2 blockers, PPIs, gastric mucosal agents
B)Laxatives and cathartics
C)Antiemetics
D)Salicylates and glucocorticoids
E)High-fiber diet, fluids, good habits

Question 18

Match each item with the correct statement below.
Agents to treat constipation

A)H2 blockers, PPIs, gastric mucosal agents
B)Laxatives and cathartics
C)Antiemetics
D)Salicylates and glucocorticoids
E)High-fiber diet, fluids, good habits

Question 19

Match each item with the correct statement below.
Agents to supplement the gut flora; living microorganisms

A)Antacids
B)Antidiarrheals
C)Probiotics
D)Antiflatulents
E)GI antispasmodics

Question 20

Match the classification of GI drugs with the listed samples.
Inflammatory bowel disease

A)Dicyclomine (Bentyl))
B)Metamucil (psyllium)
C)Azulfidine (sulfasalazine)
D)Prilosec (omeprazole)

Question 21

Side effects of antiulcer agents can include _________.

A) electrolyte imbalances, urinary calculi, osteoporosis, and belching and flatulence
B) diarrhea, dizziness, rash, headache, mild gynecomastia, and mental confusion
C) transient constipation
D) occasional mild, transitory GI cramping, or rash

Question 22

Emollient laxatives may result in ________.

A) occasional mild, transitory GI cramping
B) malabsorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K with prolonged oral use
C) electrolyte imbalances
D) abdominal cramps and loss of normal bowel function with prolonged use

Question 23

Bulk-forming laxatives such as psyllium, cellulose derivatives, polycarbophil, and bran are the treatment of choice for ___________.

A) simple constipation unrelieved by natural methods
B) pregnant or nursing women and children
C) conditions in which rapid, thorough emptying of the bowel is required
D) None of the above.

Question 24

Which medications are most likely to have interactions with antiemetic agents?

A) Tetracyclines, quinolones, digoxin, indomethacin, iron, and salicylates
B) Coumarin anticoagulants, phenytoin, beta-blockers, benzodiazepines, lidocaine, theophylline, and tricyclic antidepressants
C) CNS depressants and muscle relaxants
D) Phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, and opiate agonists

Question 25

Stimulant laxatives are the treatment of choice for _______.

A) simple constipation unrelieved by natural methods
B) pregnant or nursing women and children
C) conditions in which rapid, thorough emptying of the bowel is required
D) None of the above.

Question 26

Antiulcer agents may have interactions with the following medications _______.

A) tetracyclines, quinolones, digoxin, indomethacin, iron, and salicylates
B) coumarin anticoagulants, phenytoin, beta-blockers, benzodiazepines, lidocaine, theophylline, and tricyclic antidepressants
C) CNS depressants and muscle relaxants
D) phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, and opiate agonists

Question 27

Side effects of antacid preparations can include ________.

A) electrolyte imbalances, urinary calculi, and osteoporosis
B) diarrhea, dizziness, rash, headache, mild gynecomastia, and mental confusion
C) transient constipation
D) occasional mild, transitory GI cramping, or rash

Question 28

Side effects of antidiarrheal agents include _____________.

A) electrolyte imbalances, urinary calculi, osteoporosis, and belching and flatulence
B) diarrhea, dizziness, rash, headache, mild gynecomastia, and mental confusion
C) transient constipation
D) occasional mild, transitory GI cramping, or rash

Question 29

Preparations used to prevent or treat nausea, vomiting, or motion sickness are _____________.

A) antidiarrheal preparations
B) antiemetic preparations
C) antispasmodic preparations
D) cathartic preparations

Question 30

Contraindications for the use of most antiulcer agents include _____.

A) congestive heart failure, history of renal calculi, and cirrhosis
B) impaired renal and liver function, pregnancy, and with children
C) concomitant use with Warfarin and Valproid acid
D) acute abdominal pain or prolonged use
E) pregnancy and lactation, seizure disorders, and cardiac arrhythmia

Question 31

Antidiarrheal agents are contraindicated in which of the following situations?

A) Congestive heart failure, history of renal calculi, cirrhosis, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalance
B) Impaired renal and liver function, pregnancy, and with children
C) Concomitant use with Warfarin or C-diff associated with antibiotics
D) Acute abdominal pain or prolonged use
E) Seizure disorders and cardiac arrhythmia

Question 32

Contraindications specific for cathartics and laxative preparations include ____.

A) congestive heart failure, history of renal calculi, cirrhosis, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalance
B) impaired renal and liver function, pregnancy, and use in children
C) concomitant use with Warfarin or C-diff associated with antibiotics
D) acute abdominal pain or prolonged use
E) pregnancy and lactation, seizure disorders, and cardiac arrhythmia

Question 33

Which side effects are most commonly associated with cathartics and laxative preparations ___________________.

A) electrolyte imbalances, urinary calculi, osteoporosis, and belching and flatulence
B) diarrhea, dizziness, rash, headache, mild gynecomastia, and mental confusion
C) transient constipation
D) occasional mild, transitory GI cramping, or rash

Question 34

Preparations that promote evacuation of the intestine are _______.

A) antidiarrheal preparations
B) antiemetic preparations
C) antispasmodic preparations
D) cathartic preparations

Question 35

Contraindications of antiemetics include ________.

A) congestive heart failure, history of renal calculi, cirrhosis, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalance
B) impaired renal and liver function, pregnancy, and use in children
C) concomitant use with Warfarin and Digoxin
D) acute abdominal pain or prolonged use
E) pregnancy and lactation, seizure disorders, and cardiac arrhythmia

Question 36

Saline laxative use may result in which of the following side effects?

A) Occasional, mild, transitory GI cramping
B) Malabsorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K with prolonged oral use
C) Electrolyte imbalance and edema
D) Loss of normal bowel function with prolonged use

Question 37

Side effects of stool softeners may include ________.

A) occasional mild, transitory GI cramping
B) malabsorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K with prolonged oral use
C) electrolyte imbalances
D) loss of normal bowel function with prolonged use

Question 38

Which of the following is the treatment of choice for constipation in pregnant or nursing women?

A) Bulk laxatives
B) Stool softeners
C) Stimulant laxatives
D) None of the above.

Question 39

Which list of contraindications is most applicable to antacid preparations?

A) Congestive heart failure, history of renal calculi, and cirrhosis
B) Impaired renal and liver function, and with children
C) Concomitant use with Warfarin and Aspirin
D) Acute abdominal pain or prolonged use
E) Seizure disorders and cardiac arrhythmia

Question 40

Drugs that act in various ways to reduce the number of loose stools are ________.

A) antidiarrheal preparations
B) antiemetic preparations
C) antispasmodic preparations
D) cathartic preparations

Question 41

Stool softeners should not be given to patients ______.

A) with dysphasia or esophageal obstruction
B) with acute abdominal pain
C) who are bedridden or debilitated
D) who have diarrhea caused by infection or ulcerative colitis

Question 42

Contraindications of the use of stimulant laxatives include the following, EXCEPT _______.

A) surgical procedure preparation
B) ulcerative colitis
C) pregnancy
D) children

Question 43

Of the H2 blockers, Pepcid is least likely to cause a drug interaction.

Question 44

The use of serotonin receptor antagonists may result in which side effects?

A) Confusion, anxiety
B) Drowsiness, vertigo
C) Dry mouth, blurred vision
D) All of the above.

Question 45

Antiulcer agents interact with several other medications (e.g., Phenytoin, Coumadin, Theophylline).What does this interaction result in?

A) Increased blood concentrations
B) Decreased therapeutic levels
C) Inactivation of the medication's effects
D) CNS depression

Question 46

It is advisable to take antacids with other medications to minimize GI upset.

Question 47

Patients taking antidiarrheal agents should be instructed regarding ______.

A) bismuth subsalicylates may cause ringing in the ears
B) therapeutic effects of Warfarin may be decreased if given concomitantly with loperamide
C) lomotil may cause tongue discoloration
D) probiotics are a good choice for a person with infective colitis

Question 48

Lubiprostone (Amitiza) is a unique laxative and is classified as a(n) ______.

A) saline laxative
B) chloride channel activator
C) osmotic laxative
D) stimulant laxative

Question 49

Of the laxatives, which one is used specifically for opioid-induced constipation?

A) Docusate (Colace)
B) Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
C) Naloxegol (Movantik)
D) Lactulose (Enulose)

Question 50

Emollient preparations are not appropriate in which situations?

A) Partial bowel obstruction, dysphasia, or esophageal obstruction
B) Acute abdominal pain
C) Bedridden, debilitated, pregnant, or geriatric patients
D) Diarrhea caused by infection or poisoning

Question 51

Of the antiemetics, which one is used to stimulate gastric motility and increase gastric emptying?

A) Reglan
B) Prochlorperazine
C) Zofran
D) Phenergan

Question 52

Patients taking laxatives should be instructed regarding _______.

A) avoiding gas-forming foods (e.g., onions, cabbage, and beans)
B) the importance of a high-fiber diet
C) waiting to drink the laxative until it has thickened in the glass
D) None of the above.

Question 53

Contraindications of the use of saline laxatives include _______.

A) congestive heart failure
B) bedridden patients
C) COPD or asthma
D) C-diff associated with antibiotics

Question 54

Patients taking antiflatulent agents should be instructed regarding _______.

A) avoid gas-forming foods (e.g., onions, cabbage, and beans)
B) the importance of a high-fiber diet
C) taking these medications under medical supervision
D) contraindications related to use in patients older than 60 years

Question 55

Extrapyramidal reactions include which of the following group of symptoms?

A) Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
B) Dizziness and drowsiness
C) Tremors, difficulty walking, and muscular rigidity
D) Electrolyte imbalance and visual disturbances

Question 56

Stool softeners may be the preferred treatment for constipation in _____.

A) children
B) patients who require rapid bowel emptying
C) those who require more than 1 week of therapy
D) patients with abdominal pain

Question 57

Contraindications related to the use of antiemetics of all classes include _________.

A) cardiac arrhythmia
B) seizure disorders
C) angle-closure glaucoma
D) All of the above.

Question 58

Relevant education for a patient receiving ulcer therapy may include:

A) "Take your antacid at least 2 hours before or after other drugs."
B) "Take your antacid only in the morning."
C) "Take your antacid at the same time as antibiotics to alleviate GI upset."
D) None of the above.

Question 59

The treatment of choice for constipation in a nursing mother with heart failure would be _________.

A) saline laxative
B) oral mineral oil
C) stool softener
D) stimulant laxative

Question 60

Important education for patients undergoing treatment of diarrhea should include:

A) "Continue normal diet with plenty of roughage."
B) "Maintain adequate fluid intake."
C) "Expect either a fever or blood in the stool."
D) "Antidiarrheal medications are helpful in children recovering from chickenpox."

Question 61

NSAID use is often responsible for peptic ulcers.

Question 62

In patients older than 50 years of age, long-term PPI use is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture.

Question 63

Dramamine is best administered 30 minutes before exposure to motion to prevent motion sickness.

Question 64

Promethazine (Phenergan) is safe for use in children for postoperative nausea when given subcutaneously.

Question 65

Bismuth subsalicylate has anti-infective properties as well as antisecretory properties in treating diarrhea.

Question 66

Treatment is preferred over prevention in the treatment of nausea, vomiting, or motion sickness to avoid using unnecessary medications.

Question 67

Acute abdominal pain, partial bowel obstruction, dysphasia, or esophageal obstruction are precautions or contraindications for bulk-forming laxatives.

Question 68

Omeprazole (Nexium) and Lansoprazole (Prevacid) are examples of H2 blockers.

Question 69

Cigarette smoking seems to have little or no effect on the effectiveness of medicines used to treat duodenal ulcers.

Question 70

Anticholinergics, such as Dicyclomine, act to help calm the bowel by decreasing motility.

Question 71

Side effects of PPIs can include increased risk for pneumonia or infection with C-diff.

Question 72

Glycerine suppositories may produce a bowel movement within 15-60 minutes after administration.

Question 73

Probiotics are a natural treatment for diarrhea and are safe for use in patients with recent organ transplants or valve replacement surgeries.

Question 74

H2 blockers may cause a decrease in serum levels of Warfarin, leading to an increased risk for thrombus formation.