Deck 14: The Ecology of Human Population Growth, Disease, and Food Supply

Question 1

According to Figure 14.5b,what is the range of values the global population is estimated to be in 2100 using current and medium fertility rates?

A) Approximately 6 to 27 billion
B) Approximately 16 to 27 billion
C) Approximately 10 to 27 billion
D) Approximately 6 to 27 billion

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is one reason that global hunger persists?

A) Lack of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer
B) Inadequate global food production
C) Unequal distribution of food produced
D) Under consumption when food is available

Answer 2

C

Question 3

If a population switched from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates,what would this be referred to as?

A) A population regression
B) A demographic transition
C) A demographic reversal
D) A population transition

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Age pyramids help us visually see what trends?

A) That pyramids with wide bases reflect growing populations
B) That pyramids that are wider near the top have large numbers of older individuals
C) That pyramids with narrow bases may be populations that are not growing or even declining
D) All of the above

Question 5

Which statement about global population is true?

A) Both urban and rural populations have been increasing gradually since 2000.
B) Urban populations have remained steady since 2000.
C) Urban populations have increased steadily since 2000 while rural populations are predicted to decrease.
D) Rural populations have decreased since 2000 but are predicted to increase.

Question 6

In which year did the world's population of people living in cities match the number of people living in rural environments?

A) 1950
B) 1750
C) 2010
D) 2050 (predicted)

Question 7

How much has the average consumption of calories per day per person changed from the 1960s to present day?

A) From 2,360 calories per day to 2,940 calories per day
B) From 1,536 calories per day to 2,610 calories per day
C) From 3,610 calories per day to 2,940 calories per day
D) From 2,610 calories per day to 1,536 calories per day

Question 8

Population growth is increasingly stressing the environment and this is also correlated to which of the following?

A) Global gross domestic production and affluence
B) The number of patent applications and global gross domestic production
C) Global primary productivity and number of patent applications
D) The number of patent applications and affluence

Question 9

Extreme weather events have

A) Decreased in number since the 1980s
B) Likely killed more people in the 1980s than they did in the 1970s
C) Are likely connected to changes in global climate patterns
D) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the trend to move from rural to urban cities?

A) They increase pressures on the environment
B) They decrease pressures on the environment by producing less greenhouse gas per resident
C) They are not sites of concentrated uses of energy
D) They are not sites of concentrated air pollution

Question 11

The two global areas that are predicted to most contribute to global population in the next 50 years are

A) Latin America and Africa
B) Asia and Africa
C) Africa and Europe
D) Europe and North America

Question 12

In the first half of the 20th century,by what percentage did the global population change?

A) There was a 10% increase in the global population
B) There was a 40% increase in the global population
C) There was a 10% decrease in the global population
D) There was a 40% decrease in the global population

Question 13

Predicting the future global population is difficult because

A) The earth has a fixed carrying capacity
B) Food production capabilities fluctuate
C) North American populations are unpredictable
D) It is difficult to know future fertility rates

Question 14

Using Figure 14.5a,under what fertility scenario would there be the largest predicted percentage rate of increase in the world population?

A) Current fertility
B) High estimated future fertility
C) Medium estimated future fertility
D) Low estimated future fertility

Question 15

What is one reason why increased urbanization occurred?

A) Reproductive rates of rural residents
B) The invention of skyscrapers
C) Intensification of agriculture requiring fewer workers
D) Urbanization has not increased

Question 16

Relative to more developed countries,how does the trend in the amount of calories consumed per person per day in developing countries compare?

A) The trend is opposite more developed countries
B) The trend is similar and both consume on average per day nearly the same amount of calories
C) The trend is not similar and more developed countries consume nearly twice the amount of calories on average per day compared to less developed countries.
D) The trend is similar and but less developed countries consume on average per day twice the amount of calories on average per day compared to more developed countries.

Question 17

The major cause of ozone depletion in the stratosphere was

A) CFCs
B) Lead paints
C) DDT
D) Excessive nutrients

Question 18

Currently,a major concern with regard to limited resources as the global population grows is overconsumption.How has the global incidence of obesity changed since the 1980s?

A) It has doubled
B) It has been reduced by 50%
C) It has tripled
D) It has not changed

Question 19

Ozone depletion is likely responsible for

A) An increase in human skin cancer
B) An increase in plant diseases
C) A decrease in global climate change
D) A decrease in amphibian populations

Question 20

In Europe which statement is correct?

A) Both the death rate and the birth rate have been increasing since 1890.
B) Both the death rate and birth rate have been declining since 1890.
C) The death rate has been increasing while the birth rate has been decreasing since 1890.
D) The death rate has been decreasing while the birth rate has been steady since 1890.

Question 21

What led to the banning of chlorofluorocarbons once it was determined they were contributing to the destruction of the ozone layer?

A) The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
B) The Montreal Protocol
C) International Union for the Conservation of Nature
D) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Question 22

Infectious diseases are affected by climate change in which ways?

A) Their local and global distributions
B) Intensity
C) Prevalence
D) Load

Question 23

The commonly proposed explanation for demographic transition is/are :

A) Industrialization
B) Education
C) Excess agricultural products
D) Medical advances

Question 24

What percentage of zoonoses originate in wildlife?

A) 70%
B) 50%
C) 10%
D) 30%

Question 25

The projected increased spread of human diseases can be

A) Related to global climate change
B) Related to increased mutation rates in humans
C) Related to a decrease in vertebrate hosts
D) Unrelated to disease vectors

Question 26

What environmental problem(s)is/are related to increased corn production in the U.S.?

A) Air pollution
B) Nutrient pollution of waterways
C) Ozone depletion
D) Infectious disease spread

Question 27

Under what conditions would a pesticide be most polluting?

A) If it is unselective and persistent
B) If it is selective and has a short half life
C) If it does not biomagnify in the food chain
D) If it biomagnifies in the food chain

Question 28

Emerging infectious diseases are defined as

A) Diseases that particularly impact developed countries
B) Diseases that easily treated with antibiotics
C) Diseases that are new to human populations or are expanding their range of incidence
D) All of the above

Question 29

When modeling fisheries:

A) Fixed quota models are risky because slight miscalculations can result in fish population extinction
B) Fixed quota models result in multiple maximum sustainable yield population levels
C) Fixed effort harvesting reduces the risk of population extinction
D) Fixed effort models result in an inability to harvest at maximum sustainable yield

Question 30

An increase in the percentage of meat consumption and intensification of animal agriculture is related to which of the following?

A) A countries' wealth
B) A countries' population
C) A countries' number of patents
D) A countries' latitudinal position

Question 31

Which of the following are examples of emerging infectious diseases?

A) Ebola
B) Human Immunodeficiency Virus
C) Severe acute respiratory syndrome
D) Malaria

Question 32

Changing global patterns have affected patterns of infection.Even in countries with sophisticated sanitation,there are still thousands of fatalities and hospitalizations due to what?

A) Heat stroke
B) Smog poisoning
C) Sports injuries
D) Food-borne illness

Question 33

Which of the following outcomes of climate change will likely affect infectious disease vectors?

A) The change in average temperatures and uncertain yearly patterns
B) The changes in average rainfall and uncertain yearly patterns
C) The changes in average water temperatures
D) The amount of calories consumed on average per day per person

Question 34

According to the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring and Indices,the change in global climate patterns has led to an increase in:

A) Heat waves
B) High winds
C) Floods
D) Droughts

Question 35

Which of the following are results of intensified agriculture?

A) Monoculture
B) Biomagnification
C) Increased disease transmission as a result of monoculture
D) A reduction in feedlots

Question 36

In what decade was an ozone hole detected over the Antarctic?

A) 1990s
B) 2000s
C) 1880s
D) 1970s

Question 37

Which of the following choices defines a zoonose?

A) An infection that circulates in human hosts and cannot be transmitted to other animals
B) An infection that circulates in nonhuman hosts and cannot be transmitted to other animals
C) An infection that circulates in nonhuman vertebrate hosts but can be transmitted to humans
D) None of the above.

Question 38

Which of the following terms is used to explain a disease that appears in the human population for the first time or expands rapidly in incidence or geographic range?

A) Emerging infectious disease
B) Emergent zoospore
C) Emerging destructive disease
D) Emigrating disease propagule

Question 39

Which is true about the human consumption of fish?

A) Wild capture continues to supply the majority of fish
B) Aquaculture supplies have increased dramatically in the last 30 years
C) Wild fisheries have uniformly been underexploited
D) Wild fisheries have increased dramatically in the last 30 years

Question 40

In the United States,after the Second World War,which of following occurred?

A) There was a spatial segregation of crop production and animal production
B) As a result of A, animal agriculture intensified
C) As a result of A and B, there was an increase in the consumption of meat
D) As a result of A, B, and C, the human population in more developed countries has decreased

Question 41

What fishery management practice promotes harvesting the highest possible number of fish that still allows for the population to replenish itself _______?

A) Fixed quota harvest
B) Carrying capacity management
C) Intermediate take quota
D) Maximum sustainable yield

Question 42

Growing organic crops _________ the environment because _________.

A) Benefits; it produces better food
B) Destroys; it produces more nitrogen in agricultural runoff
C) Benefits; it reduces the amount of nitrogen in agricultural runoff
D) Destroys; it reduces the amount of nitrogen in agricultural runoff

Question 43

The root of most,if not all,global environmental problems are due to _________.

A) Global climate change
B) Population growth
C) Greenhouse gases
D) Ocean acidification

Question 44

Like many environmental issues the solutions are complex.While aquaculture provides much needed additional food it also __________

A) Releases excess nutrients and antibiotics into the environment
B) Requires jobs that few are interested in taking
C) Produces excess food that goes to waste
D) Will put fisheries out of business

Question 45

Maximum sustainable yields are usually seen when population sizes are ___________.

A) Near their carrying capacity
B) Very low
C) At medium population densities
D) None of the above

Question 46

When ___________ occurs a pest population will grow exponentially after a pesticide treatment kills large populations of the pest plus their predator,and as a result any survivors are able to proliferate in the absence of competition and natural predators,and an abundance of food resources.

A) Infiltration
B) Target pest resurgence
C) Biomagnification
D) Exponential pest resurgence

Question 47

Most aquaculture occurs in ______________.

A) The North Atlantic
B) Asia
C) The tropics
D) The United States

Question 48

While aquaculture provides more food for people there may be a cost if____________.

A) Farmed fish are less nutritious than wild caught fish
B) Farmed fish are smaller than wild caught fish
C) Farmed fish are more diseased than wild caught fish
D) None of the above

Question 49

Fisheries models that include fixed effort and fixed quotas are based heavily on knowing the population's ________.

A) Range
B) Food distribution
C) Recruitment curve
D) Conservation status

Question 50

Agricultural intensification has worsened pest problems as a result of _________________.

A) Genetically modified organisms
B) Monocultures
C) Chemical warfare
D) All of the above

Question 51

As a result of global climate change,_______________ will likely be significantly affected by disrupted environmental temperature because they involve ectotherms.

A) Communicable diseases like malaria
B) Vector-borne diseases like malaria
C) Incommunicable diseases like ebola
D) All of the above