Deck 1: Covalent Bonding and Shapes of Molecules

Question 1

Which of the following compounds is an aldehyde?

A) CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂CHO
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
D) CH₃CH₂COCH₃

Answer 1

CH₃CH₂CHO

Question 2

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a fluorine atom (fluorine: atomic number 9)?

A) 1s¹2s¹2p⁷
B) 1s²2s²2p⁵
C) 1s²2s²2p⁶
D) 1s⁰2s²2p⁷

Answer 2

1s²2s²2p⁵

Question 3

Which of the following compounds is a ketone?

A) CH₃CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂CHO
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
D) CH₃COCH₃

Answer 3

CH₃COCH₃

Question 4

Which of the following is a primary amine?

A) CH₃CH₂NHCH₃
B) CH₃CH₂NHCH(CH₃)₂
C) CH₃CH₂N(CH₃)₂
D) (CH₃)₃CNH₂

Question 5

Which of the following species possesses a formal charge?

A) CCl₄
B) SiCl₄
C) AlCl₄
D) PCl₃

Question 6

How many electrons can the shell with a principal quantum number of 2 hold?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8

Question 7

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a nitrogen atom (nitrogen: atomic number 7)?

A) 1s²2s¹2p⁴
B) 1s²2s²2p³
C) 1s¹2s¹2p⁵
D) 1s²2s²2p²

Question 8

Which of the following species has an atom that has an unfilled valence shell of electrons?

A) molecular hydrogen, H₂
B) hydroxide anion, HO−
C) boron trifluoride, BF₃
D) water, H₂O

Question 9

Which of the following compounds is a carboxylic ester?

A) CH₃CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂OCH₃
C) CH₃CH₂COOCH₃
D) CH₃CH₂COCH₃

Question 10

Which of the following is a tertiary amine?

A) CH₃CH₂N(CH₃)₂
B) (CH₃)₃CNH₂
C) CH₃CH₂NHCH₃
D) CH₃CH₂NHCH(CH₃)₂

Question 11

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a sodium cation (sodium: atomic number 11)?

A) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
B) 1s²2s²2p⁵3s¹
C) 1s²2s²2p⁶
D) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²

Question 12

Which of the following species has an atom that has an unfilled valence shell of electrons?

A) molecular bromine, Br₂
B) fluoride anion, F−
C) ammonia, NH₃
D) aluminum trichloride, AlCl₃

Question 13

Which of the following is trigonal planar?

A) boron trifluoride, BF₃
B) methyl anion, CH₃−
C) methane, CH₄
D) ammonia, NH₃

Question 14

How many electrons can the shell with a principal quantum number of 1 hold?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8

Question 15

Which of the following compounds is an alcohol?

A) CH₃CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂OCH₃
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
D) CH₃CH₂CHO

Question 16

Which of the following species possesses a formal charge?

A) BH₃
B) BH₄
C) CCl₄
D) H₂S

Question 17

Which of the following is a tertiary alcohol?

A) CH₃CH₂OCH₃
B) (CH₃)₃COH
C) (CH₃)₂CHOH
D) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

Question 18

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a fluoride anion (fluorine: atomic number 9)?

A) 1s²2s²2p²
B) 1s²2s²2p⁵
C) 1s²2s²2p⁶
D) 1s²2s²2p⁷

Question 19

Which of the following compounds is a ketone?

A) CH₃CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂CHO
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
D) CH₃COCH₃

Question 20

Which of the following compounds is a carboxylic acid?

A) CH₃CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂OCH₃
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
D) CH₃CH₂CHO

Question 21

Which of the following bonds is the most polar?

A) F−F
B) H−F
C) C−H
D) C−Si

Question 22

Which of the following bonds has the smallest dipole moment?

A) Li−Cl
B) C−H
C) O−H
D) H−Cl

Question 23

Which of the following bonds has the smallest dipole moment?

A) C−N
B) C−O
C) C−F
D) O−H

Question 24

What is the approximate C−C−C bond angle in propyne, HC≡CCH₃?

A) 90°
B) 109°
C) 120°
D) 180°

Question 25

Which of the following bonds is a polar covalent bond?

A) Na−F
B) C−H
C) C−O
D) Cl−Cl

Question 26

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

A) C
B) P
C) Si
D) Cl

Question 27

Which of the following molecules has a molecular dipole moment?

A) CO₂
B) BF₃
C) NH₃
D) CH₄

Question 28

What is the approximate C−C−C bond angle in propene, CH₃CH=CH₂?

A) 90°
B) 109°
C) 120°
D) 180°

Question 29

Which of the following bonds is a polar covalent bond?

A) Na−Cl
B) C−Cl
C) C−H
D) Cl−Cl

Question 30

Which of the following molecules has a molecular dipole moment?

A) H₂O
B) CO₂
C) HC≡CH
D) Cl₂

Question 31

What is the approximate H−C−O bond angle in formaldehyde, H₂C=O?

A) 90°
B) 109°
C) 120°
D) 180°

Question 32

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

A) N
B) C
C) O
D) S

Question 33

What is the approximate value of the H−C−H bond angles in methane, CH₄?

A) 90°
B) 109°
C) 120°
D) 180°

Question 34

Which of the following bonds is the most polar?

A) O−H
B) C−H
C) C−C
D) H−H

Question 35

Which of the following is an ionic bond?

A) F−F
B) C−H
C) Li−O
D) C−N

Question 36

Which of the following is an ionic bond?

A) Br−Br
B) C−Cl
C) C−S
D) Na−O

Question 37

Which of the following molecules has a molecular dipole moment?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 38

Which of the following best represents the shape of the 2s atomic orbital of carbon?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 39

Which of the following molecules is not linear?

A) H₂O
B) CO₂
C) HC≡CH
D) Cl₂

Question 40

Which of the following molecules has a molecular dipole moment?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 41

What is the approximate value of the H−C−H bond angles in a methyl anion, CH₃−?

A) 90°
B) 109°
C) 120°
D) 180°

Question 42

What is the approximate value of the length of the C=C bond in ethane, CH₂=CH₂?

A) 121 pm
B) 134 pm
C) 142 pm
D) 154 pm

Question 43

How many electrons are there in the valence shell of the oxygen atom of water?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 44

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the C−O bond of dimethyl ether, (CH₃)₂O?

A) C 2sp³ + O 2sp²
B) C 2sp² + O 2p
C) C 2sp² + O 2sp²
D) C 2sp³ + O 2sp³

Question 45

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the C=O bond of acetone, (CH₃)₂C=O?

A) C 2sp³ + O 2sp²
B) C 2sp² + O 2p
C) C 2sp² + O 2sp²
D) C 2sp³ + O 2sp

Question 46

How many electrons are there in the valence shell of the carbon atom of the methyl anion, CH₃−?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 47

How many electrons are there in the valence shell of the carbon atom of a methyl cation, CH₃⁺?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

Question 48

Rank the following in order of decreasing importance as a contributing resonance structure to the molecular structure of acetone, CH₃COCH₃ (more important > less important)

A) 1 > 2 > 3
B) 1 > 3 > 2
C) 2 > 1 > 3
D) 3 > 1 > 2

Question 49

Which of the following statements is not true about the acetate anion, CH₃CO₂−?

A) The oxygen atoms bear the same amount of charge
B) The two carbon-oxygen bonds are the same length
C) The carbon atom bears the negative charge
D) It is basic

Question 50

Which of the following statements is not true regarding resonance structures?

A) Each resonance structure is in rapid equilibrium with all of the other structures
B) The resonance structures may have different energies
C) All resonance structures must have the same arrangement of atoms
D) All resonance structures must have the same number of electrons

Question 51

Which of the following best represents the shape of a 2p atomic orbital of carbon?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 52

Which of the following best represents an sp² hybridized atomic orbital of carbon which overlaps with the 1s atomic orbital of hydrogen to form a C−H σ bonding molecular orbital in ethene, H₂C=CH₂

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 53

What is the approximate value of the length of the C≡C bond in ethyne, HC≡CH?

A) 121 pm
B) 134 pm
C) 142 pm
D) 154 pm

Question 54

Which of the following statements is not true about the carbonate anion, CO₃²⁻?

A) All of the oxygen atoms bear the same amount of charge
B) All of the carbon-oxygen bonds are the same length
C) The carbon atom bears the negative charge
D) It is basic

Question 55

How many electrons are there in the valence shell of the nitrogen atom of ammonia?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 8

Question 56

Which of the following resonance structures is the least important contributor to the resonance hybrid of the acetate anion, CH₃COO−?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 57

Which of the following best represents an sp³ hybridized atomic orbital containing the lone pair of electrons of ammonia, NH₃?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 58

What is the approximate value of the H−C−H bond angles in a methyl cation, CH₃⁺?

A) 90°
B) 109°
C) 120°
D) 180°

Question 59

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-hydrogen σ bonding molecular orbitals of ethane, CH₃CH₃?

A) C2p + H1s
B) C2sp + H1s
C) C2sp² + H1s
D) C2sp³ + H1s

Question 60

Which of the following statements is not true regarding resonance structures?

A) All resonance structures must have the same number of electrons
B) Each atom in all of the resonance structures must have a complete shell of valence electrons
C) All resonance structures must have the same arrangement of atoms
D) All resonance structures must be valid Lewis structures

Question 61

Which of the following is an carboxylic ester?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 62

Which of the following statements is not true?

A) The sp³C−H bond of an alkane is weaker than the spC−H bond of an alkyne.
B) The carbon-carbon triple bond of an alkyne is shorter than the carbon-carbon bond of alkenes.
C) The carbon-carbon triple bond of an alkene is exactly three times as strong as a carbon-carbon single bond of an alkane.
D) The sp³C−H bond of an alkane is longer than the spC−H bond of an alkyne.

Question 63

Overlap of the two atomic orbitals as shown could result in the formation of a π bond.

Question 64

The following two structural formulas represent isomers. $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2}$
$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$ |
$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$ $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHCH}_{3}$
$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$ |
$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$

Question 65

Which of the following is a primary (1°) alcohol? $\begin{array}{cccc}&\mathrm{OH}&&\mathrm{O}\\&|&&||\\\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}&\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHCH}_{3}&\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OCH}_{3}&\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}\\1&2&3&4\end{array}$

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 66

Which of the following shows curved arrows that correctly accounts for the differences between the two structures?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 67

The hybridization on the numbered carbon atoms in the following compound would be Carbon 1 sp³ and Carbon 2 sp².

Question 68

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-carbon σ and π bonding molecular orbitals of ethene, H₂C=CH₂?

A) C2sp³ + C2sp³, and C2p + C2p
B) C2sp² + C2sp², and C2sp² + C2sp²
C) C2sp² + C2sp², and C2p + C2p
D) C2sp³ + C2sp³, and C2sp² + C2sp²

Question 69

Which of the circled bonds is the strongest?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 70

Which of the following resonance structures makes the largest contribution to the structure of [H₂CCHO] ⁻?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 71

Which of the following is a tertiary (3°) alcohol? $\begin{array}{cccc}&&\mathrm{OH}\\&&|\\&\mathrm{OH}&\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CCH}_{3}&\mathrm{OCH}_{3}\\&|&|&|\\\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}&\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHCH}_{3}&\mathrm{CH}_{3}&\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHCH}_{3}\\1&2&3&4\end{array}$

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 72

Consider the following structural formula. The following is a resonance structure.

Question 73

Which of the following is a secondary (2°) amine?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 74

Which of the following is a primary (1°) amine?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 75

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-hydrogen σ bonding molecular orbitals of ethyne, HC≡CH?

A) C2p + H1s
B) C2sp + H1s
C) C2sp² + H1s
D) C2sp³ + H1s

Question 76

What is the approximate strength of the C−C bond of ethane?

A) 376 kJ/mol (90 kcal./mol)
B) 422 kJ/mol (101 kcal./mol)
C) 556 kJ/mol (133 kcal./mol)
D) 727 kJ/mol (174 kcal./mol)

Question 77

Consider the following molecular model. The condensed structural formula would be $\quad$$\quad$$\mathrm{CH}_{3} \quad\mathrm{CH}_{3}$
$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$ | $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$ |
$\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}_{3}$

Question 78

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-hydrogen σ bonding molecular orbitals of ethene, H₂C=CH₂?

A) C2p + H1s
B) C2sp + H1s
C) C2sp² + H1s
D) C2sp³ + H1s

Question 79

There are eight valence in a methyl anion, CH₃−.

Question 80

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-carbon σ molecular bonding orbital of ethyne, HC≡CH?

A) C2p + C2p
B) C2sp + C2sp
C) C2sp² + C2sp²
D) C2sp³ + C2sp³