Question 1

All of the following statements related to norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests are true EXCEPT;&#10;A)Norm-referenced tests are given to a large representative sample of individuals to establish normative data.&#10;B)Criterion-referenced tests typically report standard scores.&#10;C)Norm-referenced tests allow a particular child's score to be compared with the average scores of a sample of children.&#10;D)Criterion-referenced tests are interpreted on the basis of absolute criteria.

Accepted Answer

Criterion-referenced tests are designed to measure how well an individual has learned a specific body of knowledge or set of skills, and results are interpreted based on a fixed set of criteria or an absolute standard, rather than comparing scores to the performance of others. Therefore, they typically do not report standard scores, which are more characteristic of norm-referenced tests where individual performance is compared against a norm group.

Question 2

Which of the motor development theories is best characterized by the following statement? Development is the result of complex,dynamic interplay between mechanical,neurological,cognitive,and perceptual factors within the individual and variable aspects of the environment and the task.

A)Neural-maturational
B)Cognitive - behavioral (Skinner)
C)Cognitive - Piagetian
D)Dynamic systems

Accepted Answer

The Neural-maturational theory, often associated with Gesell and McGraw, posits that motor development is primarily driven by the maturation of the nervous system. This theory suggests that while the environment can provide opportunities for practice and refinement, the fundamental course of motor development is determined by the innate maturation process of neural structures.

Question 3

All of the following concepts relate to ecological assessment EXCEPT:&#10;A)Focus on a child's typical surroundings/situations&#10;B)Promote involvement of the child and family in self-initiation and problem solving&#10;C)Minimize energy expenditure in performance of tasks&#10;D)Stress tasks part of activities of daily living

Accepted Answer

Ecological assessment focuses on understanding how individuals interact with their environments, particularly in terms of their typical surroundings, promoting involvement in problem-solving, and emphasizing tasks related to daily living. Minimizing energy expenditure is not a primary focus of ecological assessments; rather, it is more related to ergonomic assessments or interventions designed to reduce physical strain or increase efficiency in task performance.

Question 4

A 7 month-old infant would typically be expected to have developed which of the following motor skills?&#10;A)Creeping on hands and knees&#10;B)Sitting&#10;C)Standing alone&#10;D)Walking alone

Accepted Answer

At 7 months old, infants typically develop the ability to sit. This is a key developmental milestone at this age, while creeping on hands and knees, standing alone, and walking alone usually develop later.

Question 5

Standardization is an important component of many developmental tests.All of the following statements about standardization are true EXCEPT:&#10;A)The degree of standardization has no effect on the clarity of interprofessional communication about test results&#10;B)Provision of test materials (kit) increases standardization&#10;C)Detailed instructions for administration and scoring of each item increases standardization&#10;D)More highly standardized tests produce more reliable results

Accepted Answer

Standardization is crucial for ensuring that test results are consistent and comparable across different settings and administrators. The degree of standardization directly affects the clarity of interprofessional communication about test results, as it ensures that everyone interprets the results in the same way. Therefore, the statement that the degree of standardization has no effect on the clarity of interprofessional communication is false. The other options (B, C, D) are true statements regarding the benefits of standardization in developmental tests.

Question 6

Which of the following is the best definition of senescence?&#10;A)Process of deterioration with aging&#10;B)Cognitive decline with aging&#10;C)Energy gain secondary to regular exercise&#10;D)Physiological changes in the cardiovascular system with aging

Accepted Answer

Senescence refers to the process of deterioration with age, affecting the biological functions of an organism over time.

Question 7

Which of the motor development theories is best characterized by the following statement? Development is the result of complex,dynamic interplay between mechanical,neurological,cognitive,and perceptual factors within the individual and variable aspects of the environment and the task.

A)Neural-maturational
B)Cognitive - behavioral (Skinner)
C)Cognitive - Piagetian
D)Dynamic systems

Accepted Answer

The Dynamic Systems Theory emphasizes the complex and dynamic interplay among various factors within the individual and the environment, suggesting that motor development is influenced by multiple systems that interact over time. This theory moves away from the idea that development is solely driven by either maturation or learning, instead proposing that it is the result of interactions between the individual, the environment, and the task at hand.

Question 8

Which of the choices below best describe general directions of motor development in the developing infant?&#10;A)Cephalo-caudal;proximal-distal;ulnar-radial&#10;B)Cephalo-caudal;distal-proximal;ulnar-radial&#10;C)Caudal-cephalo;proximal-distal;radial-ulnar&#10;D)Caudal-cephalo;distal-proximal;radial-ulnar

Accepted Answer

Motor development in infants typically follows a cephalo-caudal trend (head to tail), a proximal-distal trend (center of the body outward), and from the ulnar side of the hand to the radial side.

Question 9

Which of the following is the best definition of sarcopenia?&#10;A)Decrease in blood hemoglobin with aging&#10;B)Decrease in nerve conduction velocity with aging&#10;C)Loss of muscle protein mass and function with aging&#10;D)Weight gain with aging

Accepted Answer

Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle protein mass and function with aging, which leads to decreased strength and mobility in the elderly.

Question 10

You conduct testing on July 3,2017 with a child whose date of birth is November 15,2015 (born 2 months prematurely).What is the child's adjusted age for the purposes of testing with a test like the Bayley Scales of Infant/Toddler Development III?

A)20 months
B)19 months 18 days
C)18 months 18 days
D)17 months 18 days

Accepted Answer

The answer of You conduct testing on July 3,2017 with...

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a criterion-referenced test?&#10;A)Peabody Developmental Motor Scales II&#10;B)Graduate Record Examination (GRE)&#10;C)A multiple choice test like this one&#10;D)Denver Developmental Screening Test II

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 12

All of the following tend to characterize reflexive versus voluntary motor activity EXCEPT:&#10;A)Automatic responses to a stimulus&#10;B)Tremulous movement&#10;C)Poorly differentiated movement&#10;D)Muscle tone increased in total patterns

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following tend to characterize...

Question 13

Which of the motor development theories is best characterized by the following statement? Development is the result of complex,dynamic interplay between mechanical,neurological,cognitive,and perceptual factors within the individual and variable aspects of the environment and the task.

A)Neural-maturational
B)Cognitive - behavioral (Skinner)
C)Cognitive - Piagetian
D)Dynamic systems

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the motor development theories is...

Question 14

If a 3 year-old child with cerebral palsy has persistent,exaggerated influence of the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex,what would be a primary goal in positioning the child in a seating system?&#10;A)Hip flexion of at least 90 degrees&#10;B)Stable well-aligned foot position&#10;C)Use of a lap tray&#10;D)Midline head position

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a 3 year-old child with cerebral...

Question 15

As part of a research study on the effectiveness of a particular intervention with infants/toddlers in the 0-3 year age range you want to use a norm-referenced,highly standardized,comprehensive test of motor development.Which of the following tests would be optimal?

A)Bayley Scales of Infant Toddler Development (Motor Scale)
B)Peabody Developmental Motor Scales II
C)Denver Developmental Screening Test II
D)Early Learning Accomplishment Profile

Accepted Answer

The answer of As part of a research study on...

Deck 13: Development of Neuromotor Skills: Lifespan Approach