Question 1

An adult says, &#34;I take vitamins B and E to prevent Alzheimer disease (AD), but these vitamins are so expensive.&#34; What is the nurse's most informative response?&#10;A) &#34;Yes, these vitamins are very expensive, but it is money well spent to prevent AD.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;There is conflicting research evidence about effectiveness of these vitamins for prevention of AD.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Most researchers now believe that preventing anemia is more important than taking vitamins to prevent AD.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Aspirin is much cheaper. You should take it instead if you want to prevent AD.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The nurse should inform the patient that there is conflicting research evidence regarding the effectiveness of vitamins B and E in preventing Alzheimer's disease. It is important for patients to be informed of the current evidence so they can make informed decisions about their healthcare. The other options are not accurate or helpful responses.

Question 2

An adult says, &#34;I take provastatin for my high cholesterol. It will prevent stroke and heart attack.&#34; What is the nurse's most informative response regarding the effects of this classification of drugs?&#10;A) &#34;That's correct. I'm glad to see you taking such good care of yourself.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;There is limited research-based evidence of the effectiveness of statin medications.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Some research indicates that statin drugs may also interfere with development of Alzheimer disease (AD).&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Perhaps you should discuss your family history with your doctor. Statin drugs may cause early development of Alzheimer disease (AD).&#34;

Accepted Answer

The nurse should inform the patient that there is some research suggesting that statin drugs may also interfere with the development of Alzheimer's disease. This will provide the patient with additional information about the potential benefits of taking the medication beyond just preventing strokes and heart attacks. Option A is a compliment and does not provide any additional information. Option B is an inaccurate statement; there is strong research-based evidence of the effectiveness of statins in preventing cardiovascular events. Option D is incorrect, as there is currently no evidence to suggest that statin drugs cause early development of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 3

A patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) is being treated with an acetylcholine (ChE) inhibitor drug. The patient develops facial flushing, sweating, and leg cramps. The nurse should attribute these symptoms to what process?

A) Irreversible acetylcholinesterase stimulation
B) Inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)
C) Neurodegeneration in the hippocampus
D) Cytochrome P-450 system activation

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) can lead to an increase in acetylcholine levels not only in the brain but also in the peripheral nervous system, causing symptoms such as facial flushing, sweating, and leg cramps due to overstimulation of muscarinic receptors.

Question 4

A nurse explains galantamine therapy to family members of a patient who is to begin treatment with the drug. What information should be included? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Facial flushing and leg cramps might worsen.&#10;B) It acts by making more dopamine available.&#10;C) Report slow heartbeat immediately.&#10;D) Restrict fluid intake to 1500 mL/day.&#10;E) Side effects include GI symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse explains galantamine therapy to family...

Question 5

Which statement by a family member of a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) demonstrates that medication education was effective?&#10;A) &#34;The medication affects glutamate receptors and will stabilize late-stage dementia.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;The medication inhibits the action of dopamine and will restore short-term memory.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;The medication offers no positive effects on performance of activities of daily living.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;The medication inhibits breakdown of an important neurotransmitter and may slow disease progression.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The statement that the medication can inhibit the breakdown of an important neurotransmitter and potentially slow disease progression demonstrates an understanding of the purpose of medication for Alzheimer's disease. The other options either provide incorrect information or do not offer a clear understanding of the medication's effects.

Question 6

The spouse of a patient with Alzheimer disease (AD) asks, &#34;Can you give me a simple explanation of what happened in my partner's brain?&#34; Select the nurse's best response.&#10;A) &#34;Dementia developed.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;The brain became overstimulated with chemical messages.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Brain cells and chemical messengers that form memories are dying.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;The substantia nigra, a tissue that makes dopamine, has degenerated.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The spouse of a patient with Alzheimer...

Question 7

What is the most realistic short-term goal for the care of a patient with mild Alzheimer disease (AD) who takes donepezil?&#10;A) To maintain present cognitive ability&#10;B) To show improved cognitive ability&#10;C) To engage effectively in abstract thinking&#10;D) To consistently communicate clearly

Accepted Answer

The most realistic short-term goal for a patient with mild Alzheimer disease who takes donepezil is to maintain their present cognitive ability. Donepezil is a medication used to improve cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, but it does not necessarily lead to improved cognitive ability. Therefore, the goal should be to maintain the current level of cognition. Engaging effectively in abstract thinking and consistently communicating clearly may be long-term goals or goals for patients who have not yet started treatment with donepezil.

Question 8

Which receptors carry out primary functions of the parasympathetic nervous system? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) NMDA&#10;B) COX-1&#10;C) COX-2&#10;D) Nicotinic&#10;E) Muscarinic

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors are both involved in carrying out the primary functions of the parasympathetic nervous system. Nicotinic receptors are found in the postganglionic neurons, where they bind to acetylcholine (ACh) to initiate the release of neurotransmitters, while Muscarinic receptors are found in the effector organs, where they bind to ACh to bring about various physiological responses, including slowing of the heart rate, constriction of the pupils, and stimulation of digestion. NMDA, COX-1, and COX-2 are not directly involved in the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 9

A nursing assistant reports to the nurse that a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) is experiencing severe diarrhea. Administration of which classification of medication is most associated with this problem?

A) ChE inhibitor
B) Secretase inhibitor
C) NDMA antagonist
D) Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug

Accepted Answer

Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors are used in the management of Alzheimer's disease to increase acetylcholine levels in the brain, which can help improve cognitive function. However, by increasing acetylcholine, ChE inhibitors can also increase gastrointestinal activity, leading to side effects such as diarrhea.

Question 10

A patient takes donepezil for Alzheimer disease (AD). Vital signs for this patient are: temperature 98.2°F; blood pressure 135/82 mm Hg; pulse 54 beats/min; respirations 18 breaths/min. Which variance should the nurse consider most likely attributable to donepezil therapy?

A) Temperature
B) Blood pressure
C) Pulse rate
D) Respiratory rate

Accepted Answer

Donepezil is a medication commonly used in the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). It works by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is important in cognitive function. One of the known side effects of donepezil is bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, which can manifest as a pulse rate less than 60 beats/min. Therefore, the most likely variance attributable to donepezil therapy in this patient is the pulse rate of 54 beats/min. The other vital signs, including temperature and blood pressure, are within normal limits and not typically affected by donepezil therapy. Respiratory rate may also be minimally affected by donepezil, though this is less common than bradycardia.

Question 11

The family of a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) asks the nurse, &#34;How can drugs help our parent?&#34; Which reply provides the most realistic expectations for medication therapy?&#10;A) &#34;Unfortunately, drugs are not helpful.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Drugs are available to stop the disease process.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Drugs can help preserve mental abilities for a time.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;We will teach you ways of helping your parent adjust.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The family of a patient diagnosed with...

Question 12

An adult tells the nurse, &#34;I'm taking large doses of vitamin B. I read that it prevents Alzheimer disease (AD), but I don't understand how it works.&#34; Which statements would be applicable as the nurse responds to the individual? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) &#34;Research has not proven the effectiveness of B vitamins in Alzheimer prevention.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;B vitamins lower the amino acid homocysteine, which is associated with a lower incidence of AD.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;A favorable response occurs when these vitamins block NMDA.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;B vitamins may reduce risk of AD by lowering cholesterol levels.&#34;&#10;E) &#34;B vitamins reduce the body's inflammatory response.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of An adult tells the nurse, &#34;I'm taking...

Question 13

Of the drugs given to treat Alzheimer disease (AD), which one has a potential to slow neurodegeneration?&#10;A) Galantamine&#10;B) Memantine&#10;C) Rivastigmine&#10;D) Donepezil

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the drugs given to treat Alzheimer...

Question 14

A 63-year-old woman says, &#34;I want to take estrogen to prevent Alzheimer disease (AD), but my doctor won't prescribe it.&#34; What is the nurse's most informative response?&#10;A) &#34;Perhaps you should seek a second opinion. Estrogen clearly provides protection against AD.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Most researchers now believe that estrogen is not actually deficient after menopause. It simply works in different ways.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Most online resources indicate that estrogen provides important protection against development of AD.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;There is conflicting evidence about whether estrogen prevents Alzheimer disease, but research clearly shows cardiovascular problems with estrogen therapy.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 63-year-old woman says, &#34;I want to...

Question 15

Most drugs used to treat Alzheimer disease (AD) affect what system and or process?&#10;A) Monoamine oxidase reuptake systems&#10;B) Serotonin and norepinephrine production&#10;C) Cholinergic pathways, enzymes, and receptors&#10;D) The Krebs cycle and GABA neuronal inhibition

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most drugs used to treat Alzheimer disease...

Deck 18: Antidementia Drugs