Deck 2: The Family in History

Question 1

In what way was the ideology of patriarchy reinforced by Protestant doctrine?

A) Protestant doctrine emphasized obedience to authority.
B) Marriage was modeled after Old Testament patriarchs.
C) Husbands were commanded by God to protect their wives.
D) The idea of free choice in marriage reflected the idea of a person's relationship with God.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

During the nineteenth century,the social construction of childhood developed in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) childhood happiness was considered.
B) emotional bonds with parents were acceptable.
C) children were seen as fundamentally innocent.
D) conformity was emphasized.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In a male-dominated wage economy,orphans and widows were commonly:

A) cared for by extended families.
B) aided by an emerging welfare system.
C) taken in by churches.
D) homeless.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

It is difficult for sociologists and historians to know which parts of slave family life were African traditions because:

A) no records were kept.
B) language and customs were suppressed.
C) this part of slave history has not been studied.
D) customs and traditions varied widely among slaves.

Question 5

Families began having fewer children in the nineteenth century.Which of the following was NOT a contributor to this change?

A) widely available information about birth control
B) couples wanted fewer children
C) decreased infant death rate
D) couples learned how to prevent pregnancy

Question 6

Most colonial households were made up of:

A) nuclear families.
B) extended families.
C) fictive kin.
D) companionate marriages.

Question 7

Most African American slave children lived with:

A) grandparents.
B) unrelated adults.
C) one parent.
D) both parents.

Question 8

African American families in the late nineteenth century had which of the following qualities?

A) greater gender equality
B) stronger marriages
C) weaker extended family networks
D) no legal recognition

Question 9

Archaeologists' discovery of Stone Age family burials in Europe was sociologically significant for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) one family is the oldest-known DNA-confirmed nuclear family.
B) ancient people acknowledged a variety of family forms.
C) their remains contain bones broken by weapons.
D) family memberships were considered eternal.

Question 10

Humans' increased longevity over time is largely the result of:

A) genetic changes.
B) government policy.
C) standard of living.
D) education.

Question 11

As mate selection became less a matter of economics and status and more an emotional endeavor,young people began the practice of:

A) arranged marriage.
B) dating.
C) cohabitation.
D) courtship.

Question 12

Respect for elders,reliance on extended family networks,and matrilineal descent are characteristics of which Early American groups?

A) Native Americans
B) African Americans
C) European colonists
D) Asian Americans

Question 13

The pervasive element of European and American society in which men controlled all property and had control over women and children is called:

A) sexism.
B) matriarchy.
C) patriarchy.
D) traditional society.

Question 14

The ideology that dictates that women are naturally ideal for homemaking is known as:

A) industrialization.
B) separate spheres.
C) wage gap.
D) monogamy.

Question 15

Industrialization in the United States contributed to the development of all of the following ideals EXCEPT:

A) independence.
B) separate spheres.
C) secularism.
D) free choice.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an important broad historic trend impacting the character of American family life?

A) increased longevity
B) families performing more functional tasks at home
C) decreased family size
D) decline of the two-parent nuclear family

Question 17

Colonial children were not considered innocent and were controlled through strict discipline and hard work,due primarily to which social force?

A) economic necessity
B) religious belief
C) poor health
D) poor education

Question 18

A type of family in which people are considered descendants of their mothers is called:

A) matriarchal
B) matrilineal
C) feminist
D) polygamous

Question 19

Which of the following represents the distant role of government in family matters during colonial times?

A) Christian doctrine in family matters
B) stem family
C) heterogamy
D) dowry

Question 20

Government involvement in family life increased in the nineteenth century in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) imposing Christian standards on American Indians.
B) outlawing divorce.
C) defining marriage as monogamous.
D) defining only men as real citizens.

Question 21

The increasing diversity of naming practices is indicative of:

A) ethnic diversity in the United States.
B) cultural tradition.
C) personal freedom.
D) individualism.

Question 22

In the late twentieth century,cultural changes in the meaning of and motivation for marriage evolved in what way?

A) Economic pressure to stay married increased.
B) Emotional success became central to marriage success.
C) Choosing to remain single was increasingly discouraged.
D) Endogamy was strengthened.

Question 23

An extended family,guided by the authority of the father and functioning based on economic needs,would be considered a:

A) patriarchal family.
B) companionship family.
C) practical family.
D) traditional family.

Question 24

The idealized "traditional" nuclear family,consisting of male breadwinner and female homemaker,was the most common arrangement:

A) throughout American history, until the 1970s.
B) beginning in the mid-twentieth century.
C) for all demographic groups.
D) only during colonial times.

Question 25

Increasing physical separation of families:

A) heightened the personal value of independence.
B) reduced family diversity.
C) undermined people's sense of freedom.
D) clarified the involuntary nature of modern family relationships.

Question 26

Many women find themselves caring for adolescent children as well as aging parents.Social scientists call this population:

A) caregivers.
B) middle-aged.
C) the middle generation.
D) the sandwich generation.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern grandparenting?

A) They may have longer-lasting emotional bonds with their grandchildren.
B) Due to physical distance, grandparent relationships are more voluntary.
C) They are more involved due to financial dependence on adult children.
D) They are doing more direct caregiving of grandchildren.

Question 28

Between 1900 and 1965 the "industrial revolution" of household technologies such as dishwashers and microwave ovens impacted women's household labor in what way?

A) Women spent far fewer hours on housework.
B) Women spent even more hours on housework, but doing different things.
C) Women spent about the same amount of time on housework.
D) Housework began to be done by men.

Question 29

The family in the second half of the twentieth century was heavily impacted by:

A) reduced opportunity for women.
B) increased reliance on extended family for care.
C) reduction in government assistance programs.
D) reduction of the home as a place of work.

Question 30

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 cut off new immigration from China,which resulted in:

A) unmarried Chinese men.
B) split-household families.
C) discrimination against Chinese.
D) poverty among the Chinese.

Question 31

The 1950s brought increased motivation for young people to marry,as the result of all of the following social forces EXCEPT:

A) government incentive.
B) moral and religious pressure.
C) cultural shifts in authority.
D) economic opportunities.

Question 32

Middle-class and affluent families were the first to develop an emphasis on emotional bonds in family life because:

A) popular culture and the media promoted this.
B) they had less need to consider the economic impact of mate selection.
C) they tend to be less religious.
D) they had more education.

Question 33

Over the course of the twentieth century,there was a trend in households from primarily married-couple households toward:

A) no new dominant standard.
B) non-family groupings.
C) primarily single or cohabiting people.
D) a new standard of extended households.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a major trend in the historical changes in American family life?

A) Family size has decreased.
B) The economic function of the family has been transformed.
C) Divorce rates have declined.
D) Families have become more diverse.

Question 35

In the late 1800s,long periods of family separation for Latinos and Chinese immigrants contributed to a culture of:

A) poverty.
B) strong religious belief.
C) familism.
D) divorce.

Question 36

In the early 1900s,the reasons for marriage began to change.This cultural shift is known as:

A) "religious to personal."
B) "economic to romantic."
C) "institution to companionship."
D) "endogamy to exogamy."

Question 37

The cultural value of independence can be observed in the context of all of the following social roles EXCEPT:

A) worker.
B) citizen.
C) family member.
D) religious observer.

Question 38

For what reasons did companionate marriage appeal to many men in growing white-collar industries?

A) for the benefits of dual incomes
B) economic benefits of fewer children
C) practical support of having a homemaker
D) as a remedy for alienation in the workplace

Question 39

A family consisting of two parents and their children,whose priorities are personal fulfillment and common affection,would be considered a:

A) modern family.
B) companionship family.
C) traditional family.
D) patriarchal family.

Question 40

Which of the following has NOT been a change to our understanding of childhood in the late twentieth century?

A) Parents see their children as a project.
B) Emotional connections between parent and child are more acceptable.
C) Children are more likely to experience trauma.
D) Childhood is seen as a time of innocence.

Question 41

Describe what is known about prehistoric families and explain the significance of these findings for our understanding of family in general.

Question 42

Discuss the social construction of childhood,evaluating the experiences of children throughout U.S.history as a reflection of broader cultural values.

Question 43

Analyze the impact of the Industrial Revolution on family structure,paying particular attention to family structure,social class,and gender roles.

Question 44

Evaluate the role of religion,particularly the Christian church,on family norms and values in the nineteenth century.

Question 45

Describe the impact of slavery on the family structure of African Americans throughout U.S.history.

Question 46

Identify two major social trends in the historical development of the American family from colonial to modern times,explaining why they are significant.

Question 47

Evaluate the myths and realities of the idealized "traditional" nuclear family in U.S.history.

Question 48

Describe the causes and consequences of the increased physical separation of extended families after the Industrial Revolution.

Question 49

Identify three specific examples of government influence over family life and describe their long-term impact.

Question 50

Analyze the social forces and cultural values that led to changes in courtship practices between colonial and modern times.