Deck 5: Gender

Question 1

The term for the biological category of male and female,based on anatomy and physiology,is

A) sex selection
B) gender
C) sex
D) gender expression

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The social expression of biological sex is

A) sex identity
B) gender
C) sex selection
D) gender oppression

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The situation in which one's gender identity and assigned sex do not match,perhaps leading to a feeling of being trapped in the wrong body,is known as

A) multisex
B) transsexual
C) transgender
D) gender ideation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When a person's chromosomal composition does not correspond with his or her sexual anatomy,it is known as

A) intersex
B) supersex
C) disordered sex
D) multisex

Question 5

A key goal of the organization "Pink Stinks" is to

A) promote breast cancer awareness.
B) decrease stereotyping of girls that focuses on being pretty, passive, and obsessed with shopping.
C) manufacture only blue items so that boys and girls become exactly alike when they grow up.
D) force girls to wear clothing colors other than pink.

Question 6

The most popular cosmetic surgery procedure for women in 2012 was

A) eyelid alteration
B) tummy tuck
C) liposuction
D) breast augmentation

Question 7

All are accurate statements about identity EXCEPT

A) sexual and gender identities always match in adulthood.
B) the expression of identity is often a place where social change occurs.
C) sexual identity is the recognition of a biological sex category.
D) gender identity is the identification with social categories like boy or girl.

Question 8

Which of the following strategies makes women appear to be the weaker sex?

A) showing women as more broad-shouldered than men
B) photographing women to appear taller than men
C) decreasing the gap in the athletic performance of women relative to men
D) portraying husbands as taller than their wives

Question 9

When it comes to sex selection of children,American parents

A) most commonly prefer one child of each sex.
B) routinely prefer to have only male children.
C) show a strong preference for female children.
D) indicate no preference in the sex of their children.

Question 10

When it comes to biological sex differences

A) the differences are so large that males and females rarely act similarly to each other.
B) research has proven that women are biologically inferior to men.
C) the physical sex differences in humans are small when compared with other species.
D) the biological sex differences matter little in the way that people are treated.

Question 11

The ways in which parents dress their children are important because

A) it helps to turn biological sexual identities into social gender identities.
B) everyone wants to wear the latest styles.
C) physical activity level helps determine the types of clothing available for children.
D) personal expression matters more than any other element in forming gender identity.

Question 12

Which of the following countries does NOT include the category of "Other" on questions about gender,thereby preventing transgendered people from being granted rights?

A) Pakistan
B) India
C) United States
D) Nepal

Question 13

Sex and gender are different in that

A) sex cannot tell us much about one's genes, but gender can.
B) gender reminds us that males and females are biological opposites.
C) sex is the more useful of the two terms.
D) gender refers to the social role based on one's categorical sex.

Question 14

A sexual identity

A) is never a source of anxiety for humans.
B) develops once children start to interact with others.
C) is assigned to all children at birth.
D) will have little impact on one's future relationships.

Question 15

Transgender identities

A) present a problem for societies like the United States that have a strictly two-gender system.
B) have never been accepted in an societies.
C) are seen as a third gender option across the United States.
D) will likely result in a great deal of confusion for children.

Question 16

Which of the following concepts is illustrated by parents purchasing mostly pink items for their daughters (as shown in the opening photo of Chapter 5)?

A) gender identity
B) gender socialization
C) gender expression
D) sex preference

Question 17

The argument that current gender differences arose over time through evolution is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

A) symbolic interactionist
B) masculine
C) feminist
D) biological

Question 18

Because sex and gender are so closely linked,genetic predisposition affects the behaviors of men and women.This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

A) biological
B) feminist
C) masculine
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 19

A gender approach in which one is neither exclusively masculine nor exclusively feminine is

A) confusing for children.
B) likely to promote difficulty in personal relations.
C) referred to as an androgynous approach.
D) a new idea practiced by modern parents.

Question 20

Restroom symbols and the British stamp illustrate the ways in which males and females are depicted

A) similarly.
B) according to legal dictates.
C) in ways that show the man as superior.
D) so that women gain power.

Question 21

Expectations for men's behavior compared to women's behavior

A) permit men more freedom in clothing choices.
B) are less strictly enforced for men than for women.
C) support a narrow cultural view of masculinity.
D) promote more bullying of women compared to bullying of men.

Question 22

One of the reasons the number of employed women increased rapidly after World War II was because

A) men wanted to stay home and be taken care of financially.
B) women obtained more education and wanted to use their degrees.
C) day-care centers improved so much that women no longer wanted to care for their own children.
D) the government mandated that companies hire as many female employees as male employees.

Question 23

Despite women's increasing participation in work,on average they earn just _____________ percent of what men earn.

A) 72
B) 77
C) 81
D) 89

Question 24

People "do gender" when they enact the social roles that conform to the commonly expected image for their sex.This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

A) biological
B) feminist
C) masculine
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 25

A primary explanation for the difference between female and male graduation rates in low-income neighborhoods is

A) boys are afforded the luxury of staying in school while girls have to go to work.
B) girls' close social connections encourage them to stay in school.
C) boys are more closely supervised than girls, so they receive extra parental support.
D) girls are more likely to leave school because of pregnancy and parental pressure to marry.

Question 26

Which of the following is true about the ways that parents treat boys and girls differently?

A) Parents provide the same toys to children regardless of whether they are girls or boys.
B) Mothers spend more time talking to daughters than they do to their sons.
C) The chores that parents assign tend to be based on the child's skill rather than sex.
D) Fathers and mothers have neutral expectations for the future careers of their children.

Question 27

All of the following are key agents in socializing people to the expected gender roles EXCEPT

A) parents and siblings
B) schoolteachers
C) peer groups
D) legal systems

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT considered a "boy-typical" activity?

A) playing sports
B) fishing or hunting
C) making jewelry
D) play fighting

Question 29

Gender differences are the product of social interaction that reflects men's dominant position relative to women.This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

A) biological
B) feminist
C) masculine
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 30

The study of maleness mirrors that of whiteness in that

A) the emphasis is on oppressed groups.
B) males and whites were neglected in early research on structured oppression.
C) researchers continue to avoid studying these dominant groups.
D) the same group of experts study both topics.

Question 31

When it comes to feminism within religion

A) religion and feminism are clearly incompatible.
B) there are no organized religions in which women serve as leaders.
C) conflicts in expectations for males and females have resulted in no changes in doctrine.
D) the Islamic practice of hijab has been a source of controversy for some women.

Question 32

When it comes to occupational sex segregation

A) women and men do different types of work for pay than they do at home for no pay.
B) men and women study different things in school but end up in similar careers.
C) job screeners might bring their preconceived ideas of gender to the applicant selection process.
D) the jobs are unimportant because managers are likely to pay male and female employees the same salaries.

Question 33

Compared to jobs dominated by men,jobs dominated by women

A) are more likely to mesh with women's family obligations.
B) pay much better because women are scarce in the work world.
C) require significant education and hold much prestige.
D) have lower status and lower pay.

Question 34

When researchers say that masculinity is socially constructed,they mean that

A) men can behave in any way they wish because they are their own bosses.
B) there are different perspectives for what it means to be a man, depending on the setting.
C) it is only through interaction with peers that men can understand how to be men.
D) once boys learn how to be masculine they will have no future need for advice.

Question 35

People in a similar social situation and of similar status with whom an individual interacts are known as

A) family
B) peers
C) friends
D) comrades

Question 36

Clothing that children wear to school reinforces gendered behavior in which of the following ways?

A) School uniforms make male and female students appear as if they have no gender differences.
B) Teachers require male and female students to dress radically different from each other for identification purposes.
C) When girls wear dresses they are limited in the physical activities in which they can participate.
D) Since boys wear pants rather than dresses, they are not permitted to participate in all physical education activities.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT supported by religious conservatives?

A) women having greater authority than men in the home
B) gender equality in the workplace
C) more support for a breadwinner-homemaker model
D) a high value on imparting religious values to children

Question 38

Gender socialization occurs

A) within the family through contact with family members.
B) without the influence of social institutions like media or religion.
C) to keep young people acting the same way as their parents.
D) only within the time frame of the preschool years.

Question 39

The process by which individuals internalize elements of the social structure,making them part of their own personality,is

A) social networking
B) identity learning
C) socialization
D) indoctrination

Question 40

Which of the following is true about the school performance of boys and girls?

A) Girls are less likely than boys to pursue careers in math and science.
B) High school boys tend to score higher than girls on math tests.
C) Girls outperform boys on nearly all standardized tests.
D) Boys are less likely than girls to take advanced math classes in high school.

Question 41

How are family roles or expectations differentiated by a child's gender?

Question 42

Provide an example of the difference between gender identity and gender expression.

Question 43

The study in which children were asked to rate the status and pay of the fictional job of "tenic" demonstrates that

A) females and males are viewed the same when doing the same work.
B) gender expectations lead to more favorable evaluations of jobs associated with men.
C) jobs for women are seen as much more difficult than jobs associated with men.
D) inequality occurs between jobs, but not within them.

Question 44

Describe two ways in which sex differences support the cultural expectations of women as weaker than men.

Question 45

What is the relationship between sex and gender?

Question 46

Hypothesize two potential benefits to androgyny for females.

Question 47

Hypothesize two potential benefits to androgyny for males.

Question 48

What do researchers mean by interactive circles of socialization?

Question 49

Provide two reasons why there is a historical preference for male children.

Question 50

Briefly describe the differences between intersex and transgender.

Question 51

Support or refute the statement that men and women are opposites.

Question 52

How does the popularity of cosmetic surgery illustrate people's desire to enhance gender differences?

Question 53

What does women's employment during World War II reveal about social constraints on behavior with regard to gender?