Deck 9: Motivating the Workforce

Question 1

Theory Z is more participative and encourages lifelong employee commitment more than traditional management approaches.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Low morale is likely to result in _____.

A)high productivity
B)low turnover
C)absenteeism
D)high motivation
E)loyalty

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Human relations is the study of the behavior of individuals and groups in organizational settings.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Hawthorne Studies found that money was the primary motivator for employees.

Question 5

According to the classical theory of motivation,which of the following would motivate employees to work hard?

A)A long lunch break
B)Adequate tools and long hours
C)Financial incentives
D)Long vacations
E)Safe working conditions

Question 6

Maslow's hierarchy lists the most basic needs people strive to satisfy first at the top of the pyramid.

Question 7

A(n)_____ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal.

A)intrinsic need
B)extrinsic need
C)intrinsic reward
D)extrinsic reward
E)extrinsic motivation

Question 8

Graham,an employee at an architectural firm,is frustrated with his job as he is mostly involved in reproducing stock designs.He realizes the need for starting his own firm to exercise his creative streak.In the context of the motivation process,which step will immediately follow the need recognition step?

A)Need establishment
B)Goal directed behavior
C)Intrinsic reward
D)Morale boost
E)Satisfaction

Question 9

What motivates employees to perform on the job is the focus of _____,which is the study of the behavior of individuals and groups in organizational settings.

A)work ethics
B)human resources
C)business strategies
D)human relations
E)organizational structure

Question 10

High morale contributes to:

A)high levels of absenteeism.
B)high levels of turnover.
C)high costs of operation.
D)high occurrences of groupthink.
E)high returns to stakeholders.

Question 11

_____ are benefits and/or recognition that a person receives from someone else.

A)Intrinsic needs
B)Extrinsic needs
C)Intrinsic rewards
D)Extrinsic rewards
E)Intrinsic motivational requirements

Question 12

_____ is the satisfaction of some need.

A)A problem
B)Motivation
C)A desire
D)Morale
E)A goal

Question 13

An inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals is called _____.

A)a reward
B)a need
C)motivation
D)morale
E)an incentive

Question 14

Which of the following is the first step in a typical motivation process?

A)Need
B)Motivation
C)Objective
D)Action
E)Satisfaction

Question 15

Which of the following is the last step in a typical motivation process?

A)Need
B)Motivation
C)Objective
D)Action
E)Satisfaction

Question 16

Which of the following theories is associated with the piece-rate system?

A)The two-factor theory
B)The theory of the hierarchy of needs
C)The theory of the Hawthorne effect
D)Theory X and Theory Y
E)The classical theory of motivation

Question 17

The birth of the study of human relations within business organizations can be traced to:

A)research conducted by Mayo and Hawthorne.
B)Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
C)Herzberg's study of hygiene and motivation factors.
D)McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y.
E)time and motion studies by Frederick W.Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.

Question 18

Rewarding appropriate behavior tends to be more effective in the long run than punishments for unacceptable behavior.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of motivation?

A)It is an external force that influences people.
B)A motivating goal is the difference between a desired state and an actual state.
C)Needs can be motivating.
D)Goals need to be set by an external agent to be motivating.
E)A motivating need is the satisfaction of some goal.

Question 20

_____ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state.

A)A problem
B)Motivation
C)A need
D)Morale
E)A goal

Question 21

Herzberg's motivational factors are similar to Maslow's:

A)physiological and security needs.
B)security and social needs.
C)social and esteem needs.
D)esteem and self-actualization needs.
E)physiological and esteem needs.

Question 22

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,which of the following needs do people strive to satisfy first?

A)Security needs
B)Physiological needs
C)Social needs
D)Esteem needs
E)Self-actualization needs

Question 23

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory,which of the following is a hygiene factor?

A)Achievement
B)Recognition
C)Involvement
D)Salary
E)Responsibility

Question 24

Maslow's theory maintains that:

A)hygiene factors,which relate to the work setting and not to the content of the work,include adequate wages.
B)the more basic needs at the bottom of the hierarchy must be satisfied before higher-level goals can be pursued.
C)security needs must be fulfilled before physiological needs.
D)social needs must be fulfilled before security needs.
E)needs that are fulfilled cannot be triggered under any circumstance.

Question 25

In the context of the Herzberg's two-factor theory,which of the following factors relate directly to the content of the work itself?

A)Creativity
B)Social needs
C)Security needs
D)Responsibility
E)Self-respect

Question 26

What did the Hawthorne Studies reveal?

A)That money is the only motivator for productivity
B)That better physical conditions will improve employee productivity
C)That supervisors should view employees as unmotivated individuals
D)That social and psychological factors influence workers' behavior
E)That nothing will motivate an employee who is not motivated to work

Question 27

Which of the following needs is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)Security needs
B)Social needs
C)Physiological needs
D)Esteem needs
E)Self-actualization needs

Question 28

Frederick Herzberg proposed _____.

A)the classical theory of motivation
B)the theory of the hierarchy of needs
C)the theory of the Hawthorne effect
D)the two-factor theory
E)Theory X and Theory Y

Question 29

Blujay Pharmaceutical features the salesperson who has been the most successful during the previous quarter in the company newsletter.According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,which of the following needs of employee is Blujay Pharmaceutical trying to meet?

A)Security needs
B)Social needs
C)Physiological needs
D)Esteem needs
E)Self-actualization needs

Question 30

Which of the following is labeled the Hawthorne effect?

A)Decrease in productivity as work hours increased
B)Increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions
C)Decrease in productivity regardless of supervision
D)Increase in productivity as pay increased
E)Productivity remaining the same despite increase in efficiency

Question 31

The Hawthorne Studies were important because they:

A)revealed the significance of social and psychological factors.
B)confirmed that financial incentives were key to motivation.
C)showed that workers should control the workplace.
D)used fear as a motivator.
E)dealt with self-actualization needs.

Question 32

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory,the absence of which of the following factors may be a potential source of dissatisfaction and high turnover?

A)Achievement
B)Recognition
C)Involvement
D)Security
E)Responsibility

Question 33

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,the need for love,companionship,and friendship-the desire for acceptance by others is a part of the _____.

A)security needs
B)social needs
C)physiological needs
D)esteem needs
E)self-actualization needs

Question 34

Which of the following relates to the work setting and not to the content of the work according to Herzberg's two-factor theory?

A)Wage
B)Achievement
C)Recognition
D)Responsibility
E)Advancement

Question 35

Vixen works in a soap manufacturing company.He is paid a fixed amount for every unit he manufactures at the factory.He is paid higher rates for exceeding his set target.The payment system in this scenario is an example of the:

A)barter system.
B)piece-rate system.
C)bonus system.
D)over-time system.
E)hourly-payment system.

Question 36

In the context of Herzberg's two-factor theory,which of the following statements is true?

A)They include achievement,recognition,involvement,responsibility,and advancement.
B)They do not necessarily motivate employees to excel.
C)They relate to the content of the work itself.
D)Their presence causes high turnover.
E)Their absence does not lead to dissatisfaction.

Question 37

According to Herzberg's two factor theory,the presence of which of the following factors is likely to motivate employees though their absence may not result in dissatisfaction?

A)Supervision
B)Achievement
C)Working condition
D)Security
E)Salary

Question 38

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory,which of the following is a motivational factor?

A)Supervision
B)Working conditions
C)Salary
D)Security
E)Responsibility

Question 39

According to Maslow,living life to the fullest is most closely associated with fulfilling the _____.

A)biological needs
B)self-actualization needs
C)security needs
D)social needs
E)physiological needs

Question 40

Which of the following is one of the important discoveries of the Hawthorne studies?

A)Money is the only motivator for high productivity.
B)Better physical conditions will improve employee productivity.
C)Supervisors who micromanage their employees stand a higher chance of motivating workforces.
D)Employees who are not motivated to work are unlikely to be motivated by any incentives related to work.
E)Managers who understand the needs,beliefs,and expectations of people have the greatest success in motivating their workers.

Question 41

Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated with:

A)Frederick Taylor.
B)Frederick Herzberg.
C)Douglas McGregor.
D)Elton Mayo.
E)William Ouchi.

Question 42

Jill follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management.She is likely to assume that:

A)her workers are not responsible.
B)her subordinates are not capable of self-control and self-motivation.
C)the average worker has little ambition.
D)the organization has to ensure strict supervision of employees.
E)the organization is not making full use of each of its worker's intellectual potential.

Question 43

According to _____,how much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness,or equity,of the rewards they will receive in exchange.

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)Theory Z
D)the equity theory
E)the expectancy theory

Question 44

Employees of Stork Industries are encouraged to participate in all aspects of the company.This action of Stork Industries is based on _____.

A)Theory Y
B)Theory Z
C)Theory X
D)Skinner's behavior modification theory
E)expectancy theory

Question 45

Theory Z was first described by _____.

A)Frederick Taylor
B)Lillian Gilbreth
C)Abraham Maslow
D)William Ouchi
E)Douglas McGregor

Question 46

McGregor's Theory X corresponds to:

A)the traditional view of management.
B)the humanistic view of management.
C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.
D)Herzberg's motivational factors.
E)the equity theory.

Question 47

A Theory X manager is most likely to:

A)trust his/her employees.
B)avoid micro managing his/her employees.
C)ignore physiological needs of employees.
D)ignore security needs of employees.
E)ignore self-actualization needs of employees.

Question 48

The approach which suggests that imagination,ingenuity,and creativity can help solve organizational problems is:

A)Theory X.
B)Theory Y.
C)the equity theory.
D)the behavior modification theory.
E)the expectancy theory.

Question 49

How can managers avoid equity problems?

A)By offering flextime to employees
B)By adding more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate
C)By ensuring that rewards are distributed on the basis of performance
D)By incorporating motivational factors such as opportunity for achievement
E)By creating a competitive environment at the workplace

Question 50

According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X:

A)people enjoy work.
B)work is as natural as play or rest.
C)people will seek and accept responsibility.
D)workers must be forced to do their jobs.
E)the average worker does not like to be directed.

Question 51

When compared to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,the Theory X style of management focuses on:

A)security and esteem needs.
B)self-actualization and esteem needs.
C)physiological and security needs.
D)social and security needs.
E)physiological and social needs.

Question 52

McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to:

A)the traditional view of management.
B)the humanistic view of management.
C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.
D)Herzberg's motivational factors.
E)the equity theory.

Question 53

_____ states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it.

A)Expectancy theory
B)Theory Y
C)Theory Z
D)Equity theory
E)Theory X

Question 54

In the United States,workers' _____,as defined by Maslow,have largely been met by minimum-wage laws and federal occupational safety standards.

A)physiological and security needs
B)security and social needs
C)social and esteem needs
D)esteem and self-actualization needs
E)physiological and esteem needs

Question 55

Kim,the sales manager at a retail store,is a supporter of micro-management tactics.She keeps a close watch on the members of her team to ensure that they do not slack work.Kim is most likely a manager who:

A)supports the Theory Y approach.
B)supports the Theory Z approach.
C)supports the Theory X approach.
D)supports the low power-distance environment.
E)ignores lower-order needs as suggested by Maslow and focuses on higher-order needs.

Question 56

A Theory Y manager is different from a Theory Y manager in that the former:

A)does not realize self-actualization needs.
B)assumes that the average worker prefers to be directed.
C)promotes the high power-distance culture.
D)assumes that workers need to be monitored.
E)assumes that workers like to work.

Question 57

Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision.He instills fear among employees by threatening to cancel bonuses if deadlines are not met.Anand could be described as:

A)a Theory X manager according to McGregor.
B)a Theory Y manager according to McGregor.
C)a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi.
D)a manager who meets Maslow's esteem needs of employees.
E)a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzberg.

Question 58

Which of the following is a view that a Theory X manager is likely to have but not a Theory Y manager?

A)The average person does not prioritize physiological needs.
B)The average person naturally dislikes work.
C)The average worker is more productive when given a certain amount of flexibility.
D)The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest.
E)People will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed.

Question 59

Mary follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management.She is likely to assume that:

A)her subordinates avoid responsibilities.
B)the average worker prefers to be directed.
C)the average worker has little ambition.
D)workers are not capable of self-control.
E)workers can contribute through imagination and ingenuity.

Question 60

In the context of employee motivation theories,Theory Z includes many elements associated with the _____ approach to management.

A)Chinese
B)American
C)European
D)Japanese
E)Hawthorne

Question 61

Rahul works as an assistant manager in a car manufacturing firm.He wishes to be promoted to the position of manager but feels that it is unlikely to happen.As a result,Rahul is not motivated to achieve the desired end.Which of the following theories best explains Rahul's situation?

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)Expectancy theory
D)Equity theory
E)Theory Z

Question 62

A compressed workweek is:

A)a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time.
B)when two people do one job.
C)when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs.
D)a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home.
E)a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours.

Question 63

Which of the following adds tasks to a job instead of treating each task as a separate job?

A)Job rotation
B)Job enlargement
C)Job enrichment
D)Job design
E)Job reduction

Question 64

What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies?

A)Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided greater perks.
B)Jobs are more satisfying when employees are offered flextime.
C)Jobs are more satisfying as the number of tasks performed by an individual increases.
D)Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another.
E)Jobs are more satisfying as the opportunity for job sharing increases.

Question 65

Which of the following is stated by the expectancy theory?

A)A person who does not believe that he/she is likely to get something is likely to go against all odds.
B)A person who wants something and has reasons to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated.
C)How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness,or equity,of the rewards they will receive in exchange.
D)Employees need to be involved in all aspects of company decision making to keep them motivated.
E)In a fair situation,a person receives rewards proportional to the contribution he or she makes to the organization.

Question 66

Which of the following is likely to be a result of flextime schedules?

A)Increased communication between managers and employees
B)More commuter traffic and congestion
C)Increased physical activity and healthier sleep habits seen in employees
D)Greater supervision of individual tasks of employees
E)Increased turnover of employees who look for work-life balance

Question 67

What is an advantage of job enrichment?

A)It creates opportunities for specialized jobs.
B)It allows employees to choose their starting and ending times.
C)It treats each task performed by an employee as separate.
D)It enhances a worker's feeling of responsibility.
E)It enables employees to share jobs.

Question 68

Which of the following ideas is most likely to be supported by the followers of Skinner's theory?

A)Job rotation relieves boredom among employees by allowing them to access a variety of jobs.
B)A person who wants something and has reasons to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated.
C)How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness,or equity,of the rewards they will receive in exchange.
D)Behavior that is rewarded will tend to be repeated,while behavior that is punished will tend to be eliminated.
E)In a fair situation,a person receives rewards proportional to the contribution he or she makes to the organization.

Question 69

Which of the following is likely to be a result of job enrichment?

A)Employees will have to share jobs.
B)Employees will be allowed to choose their starting and ending times.
C)Employees will have more control and authority over their job.
D)Employees will have to be micromanaged.
E)Employee turnover of employees will increase.

Question 70

_____ is the incorporation of motivational factors,such as opportunity for achievement,recognition,responsibility,and advancement,into a job.

A)Job rotation
B)Job enrichment
C)Job enlargement
D)Job specification
E)Job specialization

Question 71

What is a drawback of job rotation?

A)It increases job turnover.
B)It results in increased physical activity.
C)It increases fixed costs for companies.
D)It is unable to totally eliminate the problem of boredom.
E)It discourages job enlargement initiatives.

Question 72

Job rotation attempts to reduce the boredom created by specialization of tasks by:

A)restricting work week to 40 hours for each employee.
B)giving people longer breaks and more paid vacations.
C)giving workers a variety of tasks to do on a regular basis.
D)adding new specialized tasks to a job.
E)having employees perform the same task over and over again.

Question 73

A compressed workweek is most likely to:

A)add more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate.
B)reduce a company's operating expenses.
C)shorten working hours.
D)increase instances of virtual teams.
E)allow employees to move from one job to another.

Question 74

Which of the following ideas is a criticism against Skinner's theory?

A)In general,punishing inappropriate behavior is a more effective way to modify behavior than rewarding appropriate behavior.
B)A person who wants something and has reasons to be optimistic is not always motivated.
C)How much people are willing to contribute to an organization does not always depend on their assessment of the fairness,or equity,of the rewards they will receive in exchange.
D)Punishing unacceptable behavior may provide quick results but may lead to increased turnover.
E)The concept of behavior modification fails to explain the existence of company politics.

Question 75

What is an advantage associated with job rotation?

A)It increases job turnover.
B)It reduces the boredom created by specialization of tasks.
C)It allows employees to choose their preferred work hours.
D)It enables employers to add more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate.
E)It allows two people to work on one job.

Question 76

Mazer Inc.,a publication house,allows its employees to try out a variety of profiles,ranging from editing to designing cover pages.The practice at Mazer best exemplifies:

A)job sharing.
B)job rotation.
C)flextime.
D)diversity.
E)specialization.

Question 77

Kart Inc.,a publishing house,allows employees to log in at their preferred time and log off after completing eight hours.It does not have any fixed office timings.Kart Inc.offers _____ to its employees.

A)flextime
B)compressed work week
C)job sharing
D)job enrichment
E)run time

Question 78

Which of the following options would prove most effective in overcoming the boredom associated with specialization?

A)Flextime
B)Job enlargement
C)Job enrichment
D)Telecommuting
E)Job sharing

Question 79

A work program that allows employees to choose their starting and ending hour as long as they are at work during a specified core period is called:

A)flextime.
B)compressed workweek.
C)job sharing.
D)work sharing.
E)job enrichment.

Question 80

What is an advantage of using a flextime schedules?

A)It increases communication between managers and employees.
B)It reduces the working hours of employees and thus reduces pressure.
C)It allows two people to do one job.
D)It reduces security risks.
E)It improves ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life.