Deck 15: Economy and Politics

Question 1

The labor market includes jobs characterized by low wages, few benefits, and poor working conditions.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) dual

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A global economy means that

A) poor workers can more easily travel abroad to find high-paying jobs.
B) an international wage gap exists.
C) workers are xenophobic.
D) economic events in one nation are felt around the world.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is a consequence of deindustrialization?

A) Economic restructuring
B) Xenophobia
C) Job displacement
D) A global assembly line

Answer 3

C

Question 4

If John does not have a job and is actively searching for a job, he is _.

A) part of the official unemployment rate
B) not part of the official unemployment rate
C) a discouraged worker
D) all of the above

Question 5

Critics of guest worker programs argue that

A) they limit immigration.
B) they depend on economic restructuring.
C) they encourage illegal immigration.
D) they threaten jobs for U.S. workers.

Question 6

According to autonomous state theory, the state is

A) an administrative organization.
B) a dominant group.
C) an elaborate system of power elites.
D) a military-style apparatus.

Question 7

The unemployment rate is defined as

A) the number of people not working for pay.
B) the percent of workers who are not making as much as they want to.
C) the number of jobless people.
D) the percent of those not working but looking for work.

Question 8

Mills' concept of power elite includes all of the following areas, except:

A) the economy.
B) the military.
C) the government.
D) the courts.

Question 9

If Genie is trying to work and her boss keeps asking her for sex in exchange for a promotion, she is experiencing _____.

A) a hostile environment
B) a personal problem
C) quid pro quo sexual harassment
D) work related harassment

Question 10

In the U.S., immigrants make up more than of the labor force in industries such as agriculture, building and construction.

A) one-fifth
B) one-quarter
C) one-third
D) one-half

Question 11

The pluralist model of power interprets social order as:

A) the result of the equilibrium created by multiple groups balancing their interests.
B) coming from the interlocking directorate created by the linkages among those few people who control institutions.
C) the result of administrative systems that work to maintain the status quo.
D) resulting from the patriarchal control that men have over social institutions.

Question 12

The current U.S. government is an example of

A) the pluralist model.
B) the power elite.
C) an autonomous state.
D) a populist mechanism.

Question 13

Johnny wants to work in the field of manufacturing. He will work in a sector that employs of U.S. workers.

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 14

According to sociologists, the state has a central role in _.

A) determining cultural values
B) determining the rights and privileges of various groups
C) determining the outcome of elections
D) organizing communities

Question 15

is the strong identity associated with an extreme sense of allegiance to one's culture.

A) Globalization
B) Nationalization
C) Power
D) Interdependence

Question 16

The U.S. government increasing security screenings at airports is an example of which of the state's roles?

A) Regulation of religion
B) Determining the rights of groups
C) Managing dissent
D) Influencing public opinion

Question 17

The Carp Corporation has decided to quit making its own components and instead buy them from another company in Thailand. This is an example of _.

A) postindustrial society
B) xenophobia
C) outsourcing
D) none of the above

Question 18

When massive protests over police shootings of young African American men broke out in the United States in 2014, news of the demonstrations quickly spread around the world via social What does this illustrate?

A) That there is a cyclical nature to the state.
B) That there exists a global interdependence of nations.
C) That some demonstrations are more devastating than other demonstrations.
D) That the social media is defined as a state.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a recent technological change in the workplace?

A) The invention of the semiconductor
B) The use of computers
C) The introduction of the steam engine
D) Automation

Question 20

Power is defined by sociologists as

A) the perception by others of legitimate and formal authority.
B) authority that stems from rules and regulations.
C) the ability to control others.
D) a hierarchy of authority.

Question 21

According to the text, nationalism is

A) most often a positive force in the world.
B) generally accompanied by cultural relativism.
C) often a dominant force in world affairs.
D) prominent in industrial nations.

Question 22

Which of these is a change resulting from the economic restructuring of the workplace?

A) The percentage of workers who are White women and people of color has declined.
B) The number of people over the age of fifty-five is increasing.
C) The employment opportunities in the service industry are declining.
D) The manufacturing economy is growing.

Question 23

Which of the following groups has the largest number of congressional members in 2010?

A) Asians
B) African Americans
C) Hispanics
D) Native Americans

Question 24

The Americans with Disabilities Act, adopted by Congress in 1990, does all of the following, except

A) require employers to provide "reasonable accommodation" on the job.
B) prohibit discrimination against disabled people in employment.
C) apply to state and local governments.
D) require equal pay among all workers.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a role of the state?

A) To pass legislation determining the rights and privileges of members of society
B) To resolve conflicts within society
C) To protect the sovereignty of the nation
D) To censor public opinion

Question 26

Which of the following is not a characteristic of capitalism?

A) State ownership of basic industries
B) Market competition
C) Pursuit of profit
D) Private property

Question 27

John wants to study the role of interlocking directorates in the political system. Which sociological perspective would he use?

A) Conflict
B) Functionalism
C) Feminism
D) Symbolic Interactionist

Question 28

Which of these is the best example of a contingent worker?

A) A person working in the manufacturing sector in a developing country
B) A person in the U.S. making their living as a substitute teacher
C) A full-time bank employee
D) A university professor

Question 29

In 2012, there were _____women in the U.S. House of Representatives and women in the U.S. Senate.

A) 33; 2
B) 83; 20
C) 19; 7
D) 99; 41

Question 30

Which of the following type of labor is the most rewarded and most often used by college graduates?

A) Emotional labor
B) Mental labor
C) Manual labor
D) Household labor

Question 31

A comparison of unemployment rates among various groups indicates that

A) Whites are hardest hit by economic restructuring.
B) unemployment among African Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexican Americans is currently at a level associated with a major economic depression.
C) globalization and the move to a service economy has really benefited minority workers in terms of opportunity and wages.
D) African American men are more likely to be underemployed than unemployed.

Question 32

If a sociology student wants to study the military, s/he will first find that _.

A) the military is divided by ranks that do not have clear definitions
B) there are few divisions of rank in the military
C) the military has well-defined ranks with rights and responsibilities
D) the military allows a lot of personal freedom

Question 33

In the U.S., the jobs people have within the division of labor generally correspond to

A) the skill they might bring to any particular type of occupation.
B) their social status in society.
C) the aptitude that they have based on occupational aptitude testing.
D) their motivation.

Question 34

The term deindustrialization refers to that fact that

A) goods are no longer being produced in the U.S.
B) fewer workers in the U.S. are required to produce goods.
C) production using computer technologies will replace service industries.
D) the work force is becoming more diverse.

Question 35

Which of the following best represents feminist theories of the state?

A) The state should be predominantly matriarchal.
B) Power is directly linked to social class.
C) Women should boycott involvement in the state.
D) The state reflects men's interests, and is run primarily by men.

Question 36

College graduates are increasingly working in sectors based on information, research and development. This is an example of .

A) industrialization
B) a postindustrial society
C) a secondary economy
D) none of the above

Question 37

According to feminist theory, social conflict is interpreted as:

A) the competition between diverse groups that mobilize to promote their interests.
B) stemming from the domination of elites over less powerful groups.
C) developing between states, as each vies to uphold its own interests.
D) resulting from the power men have over women.

Question 38

In 1948, President Truman

A) signed "don't ask, don't tell" into law.
B) promoted Blacks joining the military.
C) banned discrimination in the armed services.
D) fought for equal pay among minority soldiers.

Question 39

The 2008 U.S. Presidential election was unusual in terms of voter turnout. In which of the following ways did the 2008 voter turnout not differ from other elections?

A) The 2008 had the highest turnout of youth voters there has ever been.
B) The younger voters in the 2008 were far more racially diverse than older voters have been in any previous election.
C) The percentage of African American voters nearly matched that of White voters in 2008.
D) The less educated had higher voter turnout rates than previous elections.

Question 40

Sociological research on the Tea Party members finds that _.

A) they tend to be more egalitarian than other people
B) they tend to be less likely to vote than the rest of the population
C) they tend to be critical of the very top economic leaders in the nation
D) they tend to more authoritarian than the general public

Question 41

Recent changes in the way people work, including the composition of the workplace and the use of enhanced technologies, are jointly referred to as .

A) privatization of the workplace
B) government regulation
C) economic restructuring
D) de-mechanization

Question 42

Cashiers have come to rely on electronic cash registers to tell them how much change to return to a customer. Sociologists refer to this as .

A) routinization
B) deskilling
C) deindustrialization
D) the service economy

Question 43

Which of these statements about the U.S. military as a social institution is false?

A) The U.S. military is the single largest employer in the country.
B) The function of the military is to protect the country from both external and internal threats.
C) The U.S. military is one of the most hierarchically structured social institutions.
D) The division of labor within the military is unclear.

Question 44

According to the text, why are women and racial-ethnic minority group members underrepresented in national government?

A) There is no evidence that voters would vote for a woman or member of a minority group.
B) They are disadvantaged by the power of incumbents who are generally White men.
C) There is a lack of interest among women and members of racial-ethnic minority groups in running for national offices.
D) The patriarchal nature of government is pervasive.

Question 45

In the Supreme Court ruled that federally funded military academies like the Citadel and West Point may not refuse to admit women.

A) 1976
B) 1986
C) 1996
D) 2006

Question 46

In the military, members of minority groups

A) receive less pay than their White counterparts of similar rank.
B) are generally excluded from higher-status positions likely to bring advancement and higher earnings.
C) are equally likely to have graduated from military academies as Whites.
D) are more likely to serve in the Army than Marines.

Question 47

Postindustrial societies are organized around .

A) production of goods
B) agricultural production
C) the provision of services
D) trade via the Internet

Question 48

Emotional labor is work that

A) is only done by women.
B) is common in a service-based economy.
C) involves healthcare in particular.
D) requires a degree in psychology.

Question 49

Within the global economy, the role of the more developed nations tends to be that of

A) assembly line work.
B) provision of natural resources.
C) research and management.
D) manufacturing goods.

Question 50

According to research done for the Pentagon, of women in the military have experienced sexual harassment, including sexual coercion.

A) one-fifth
B) one-quarter
C) one-third
D) one-half

Question 51

The system characterized by state ownership and management of the base industries is called .

A) capitalism
B) communism
C) socialism
D) postindustrialism

Question 52

When employment patterns shift in different areas and certain types of jobs are lost, this is termed .

A) global economic shift
B) deskilling
C) job displacement
D) urban renewal

Question 53

In the U.S., the class-based division of labor is correlated most closely with .

A) age
B) sex
C) race
D) education

Question 54

Globally, most of the work involving the assembly of goods is done by .

A) men
B) Americans
C) workers in more developed nations
D) women and children

Question 55

Sociologists define work as

A) participation in any activity that increases the gross domestic product.
B) human activity that is paid either by hourly wage or salary.
C) productive activity that creates something of value, goods or services.
D) human activity in the public sphere.

Question 56

While working and making a living are related to all of society's institutions, they are particularly deeply embedded in the social institution of _.

A) government
B) the economy
C) religion
D) the family

Question 57

Critics of the privatization of the military argue that

A) it may lure the best talent away from the traditional military if they make more money through private military employment.
B) privatization is much less efficient than retaining all functions within the government funded military.
C) privatization means that new recruits will not have any positions open to them within the military.
D) it may reward conflict over consensus.

Question 58

In general, what has been the impact of global economic restructuring?

A) The global economy has had a positive effect on the U.S. economy in particular, creating many new jobs in the manufacturing sector.
B) In the global economy, assembly-line work is performed in nations with less power globally.
C) State regulation has made the transfer of jobs overseas unattractive to U.S. manufacturers.
D) Economic restructuring has had no real impact globally.

Question 59

Campaigns to "buy American" are an example of the trend toward _.

A) cultural relativism
B) multinational corporations
C) postindustrialism
D) xenophobia

Question 60

Fear and hatred of foreigners is called .

A) arachnophobia
B) cultural relativism
C) xenophobia
D) anglophilia

Question 61

According to , society "sorts" people into occupations, with the more qualified people having the more prestigious occupations.

A) functionalists
B) symbolic interactionists
C) conflict theorists
D) feminists

Question 62

Which perspective is most likely to view work as valuable for society because it teaches people shared values?

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interaction theory
D) Social exchange theory

Question 63

The glass is a popular concept that refers to the limits that women and minorities experience in job mobility.

A) escalator
B) ceiling
C) floor
D) elevator

Question 64

authority stems from rules and regulations typically written down as laws, procedures, or codes of conduct.

A) Traditional
B) Charismatic
C) Rational-legal
D) Expertise-based

Question 65

The German sociologist who identified three types of authority in society was .

A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Ferdinand Tönnies
D) Oswald Spengler

Question 66

What is the sociological term for information that is circulated in order to justify the power of the state?

A) Media
B) State literature
C) Propaganda
D) Sovereignty

Question 67

theorists look to the class division of labor as the source of unequal rewards that workers receive for their work.

A) Symbolic interaction
B) Conflict
C) Functionalist
D) Feminist

Question 68

theorists see economic restructuring as the result of tensions and power differences between groups vying for social and economic resources.

A) Functionalist
B) Conflict
C) Symbolic interaction
D) Social exchange

Question 69

The meaning of work for those who do it, and the ways that workers learn new roles, are areas best studied using the application of .

A) symbolic interactionism
B) conflict theory
C) functionalism
D) feminist theory

Question 70

The authority that the older people in society may seem to have over others is an example of authority.

A) traditional
B) charismatic
C) rational-legal
D) coercive

Question 71

In terms of the frequency of occurrence of sexual harassment,

A) there is evidence that White women are harassed more often than women of color.
B) the rate has dropped to about only a fourth of working women who are ever harassed.
C) about three percent of sexual harassment cases involve men as the victims.
D) same-gender sexual harassment does not occur.

Question 72

The leaders of cults most often exemplify authority.

A) traditional
B) charismatic
C) rational-legal
D) expertise-based

Question 73

When explaining unemployment, sociologists are likely to argue that

A) women and minorities are taking away jobs from White men.
B) the major causes of unemployment are related to structural problems in the economy.
C) unemployment is caused by the failings of individual workers.
D) the unemployed do not try very hard to find employment.

Question 74

Which of the following is not included in the sociological concept of the state?

A) Organized power and authority in society
B) The military
C) The court system
D) An ecclesia.

Question 75

Sociologists use the term state to refer to

A) the organized system of power and authority in society.
B) the geographical areas within the country where people live.
C) oppressive forces in society.
D) any type of organizational authority in society.

Question 76

What is the sociological term for power that is achieved through force, against the will of those being forced?

A) Legitimate
B) Arbitrary
C) Coercive
D) Cyclical

Question 77

Research documenting the changes in labor force participation among different groups indicates that

A) women and minorities are taking jobs away from White men.
B) the jobs historically dominated by White men are growing in number.
C) Black women are just now catching up with White women in terms of rate of employment.
D) the jobs that have tended to be race- and sex-segregated are increasing in number.

Question 78

What type of authority do the police and courts in society have?

A) Traditional
B) Charismatic
C) Rational-legal
D) Expertise-based

Question 79

The state

A) is made up of government, the police, the military, and the legal system.
B) is an individual unit, separate from the police and the military.
C) is only made up of government and the legal system.
D) cannot be described.

Question 80

The kind of sexual harassment that does not involve outright demands is called .

A) quid pro quo sexual harassment
B) hostile working environment harassment
C) sexual coercion
D) status quo sexual harassment