Deck 12: Sexuality

Question 1

The development of sexual identity is:

A) linear.
B) predictive.
C) sequential.
D) an evolving process.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Children learn sexual scripts by all of the following, except:

A) by playing games.
B) from their parents.
C) from the
D) through sexual experience.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to functionalism, sexual identity is:

A) learned in the family.
B) regulated by individuals.
C) socially constructed.
D) is compulsory.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The American Psychological Association defines sexualization as including any of the following conditions, except:

A) that people are judged primarily on sexual appeal or behavior.
B) that physical attractiveness is equated with being "sexy."
C) that people are objectified and have sexuality inappropriately imposed on them.
D) that children are involved in sexual activity more than what would traditionally be considered appropriate.

Question 5

"Coming out" refers to:

A) the result of a single homosexual experience.
B) a series of events that makes an individual question his/her sexual identity.
C) the process of defining oneself as gay or lesbian.
D) the experience of sharing one's sexual identity with others.

Question 6

If a person is a college graduate with a masters in sociology, he or she is _.

A) more likely to be pro-choice
B) less likely to be pro-choice
C) more likely to be unconcerned about abortion
D) more likely to see abortion as illegal under all circumstances

Question 7

Since the legalization of abortion, the number of abortions has:

A) increased.
B) fluctuated.
C) decreased.
D) stayed the same.

Question 8

Reproduction remains largely controlled by:

A) religion.
B) families.
C) women.
D) men.

Question 9

Miranda buys her daughter a doll in a sexy outfit. Which of the following trends is she being affected by?

A) The commercialization of sex
B) Heterosexualism
C) Pornography
D) Homphobia

Question 10

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding sexual orientation and/or sexual identity?

A) There is significant evidence for a biological basis for sexual orientation.
B) There is significant evidence for a social basis for sexual identity.
C) There is no evidence for a biological basis for sexual orientation.
D) There is no evidence for a social basis for sexual identity.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding prostitution and arrests?

A) Male customers are more likely to be arrested than female prostitutes.
B) Female customers are more likely to be arrested than male prostitutes.
C) Minority prostitutes are less likely to be arrested than White prostitutes.
D) White prostitutes are less likely to be arrested than minority prostitutes.

Question 12

Which perspective is reflected by a parent who teaches a child about the role of sexual norms in stabilizing the family?

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Feminism

Question 13

In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:

A) same-sex marriage is legal.
B) discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is illegal.
C) private sexual relations are a constitutional liberty.
D) sexual orientation is not a legal issue.

Question 14

Among women, the most common method of birth control is:

A) tubal ligation.
B) condoms.
C) diaphragms.
D) the birth control pill.

Question 15

The double standard rests on a cultural expectation of:

A) women being sexually adventurous.
B) sexual scripts applying only to men.
C) sexual politics being more important than once thought.
D) men being more sexually active than women.

Question 16

The first example of sexual politics in the U.S. was:

A) the legalization of gay marriage.
B) Pride parades.
C) anti-discrimination laws.
D) the feminist movement.

Question 17

The refers to the widespread changes in men's and women's roles and a greater public acceptance of sexuality as a normal part of social development.

A) feminist movement
B) sexual revolution
C) eugenics movement
D) gender revolution

Question 18

Sexual behavior is not uniform among all societies. There is evidence that:

A) sexual identity is purely biological.
B) sex is not influenced by economic forces.
C) public policy never regulates sexual behavior.
D) sexual behaviors vary by social context.

Question 19

The U.S. Supreme Court defined the use of birth control as a right, not a crime, in and extended the same right to unmarried people in .

A) 1960; 1961
B) 1945; 1965
C) 1965; 1972
D) 1996; 2003

Question 20

According to conflict theory, sexual norms are:

A) functional.
B) frequently contested.
C) socially constructed.
D) deviant.

Question 21

When a researcher starts with the premise that sexuality is socially defined, he or she is assuming _.

A) that sexual orientation is always changing for everyone.
B) that social context establishes what social relationships mean.
C) that sexual identity is always fixed.
D) that sexual identity has no biological component.

Question 22

Risman et al (2002) found what regarding teen attitudes about sex?

A) Most of the change in teen sex activity is attributable to girls, not boys.
B) Most of the change in teen sex activity is attributable to both boys and girls.
C) Most of the change in teen sex activity is attributable to boys, not girls.
D) Most of the change in teen sex activity is attributable to neither boys nor girls.

Question 23

Sociologists have linked the international sex trade to all of the following, except:

A) global poverty.
B) the spread of AIDS worldwide.
C) economic development.
D) capitalism.

Question 24

Sociological research on sexual practices

A) has been extensive.
B) has focused more on attitudes than actual practices.
C) is fairly easy to do because American society is so fixated on sexuality.
D) is more expensive than other types of research.

Question 25

According to the text, which of the following is true about a person's sexuality?

A) There is a definitelya gene that determines sexual orientation.
B) Being homosexual or heterosexual depends on one's genetic structure.
C) Social influences are an important part of every person's sexual identity.
D) There is a definitely no gene that determines sexual orientation.

Question 26

Strip bars, peep shows, phone sex, sex acts, sex magazines, and pornography rentals, are all examples of

A) the connection between sex and economic forces in society.
B) illegal sexual activities.
C) activities found only in the U.S.
D) the influence of the media in our society.

Question 27

About percent of the U.S. public think that abortion should be legal in any circumstance.

A) 19
B) 26
C) 41
D) 54

Question 28

The system of international sex trafficking

A) is sometimes identified as a form of slavery.
B) involves young men and women equally.
C) is limited to women over the age of 18.
D) occurs mostly within capitalist countries.

Question 29

Laws dictate who is permitted to marry legally, and the media influence attitudes toward sexuality. From a sociological perspective these examples demonstrate that

A) social institutions play a large role in directing human sexuality.
B) people are unable to think for themselves when it comes to sexuality.
C) in the U.S. there is general consensus on what is appropriate sexual behavior.
D) sexual scripts in the U.S. are more conservative than in other countries.

Question 30

Male sex tourists outnumber women by three to one in , where businessmen often travel to buy sexual companionship.

A) Amsterdam
B) Thailand
C) Sweden
D) India

Question 31

Teenage pregnancy correlates strongly with all of the following, except:

A) poverty
B) joblessness
C) lower educational attainment
D) marriage

Question 32

John is engaging in heterosexism. Which of the following does he believe?

A) John assumes that heterosexuality is deviant.
B) John believes the institutionalization of heterosexuality is the only legitimate sexual orientation.
C) John believes in the systematic denial of rights to homosexuals.
D) John believes the weakening of social norms is related to sexual orientation.

Question 33

Most teen pregnancies in the U.S.

A) are planned.
B) result in marriage.
C) are correlated with poverty and low educational attainment.
D) are to young teens (ages 13-17).

Question 34

An example of a new reproductive technology that signify that reproduction is no longer inextricably linked to biological parents include _.

A) in vitro fertilization
B) birth control
C) adoption
D) sterilization

Question 35

Government support for particular birth control technologies

A) is an example of the regulating of sexual and reproductive behavior.
B) does not occur within the U.S.
C) has no effect on the decisions that individuals make about reproductive behavior.
D) discriminates against women.

Question 36

Queer theory

A) views only one type of sexuality as normal.
B) interprets society as forcing sexual boundaries, or dichotomous, on people.
C) sees homosexuality as fixed in biology.
D) blames social institutions for a social misunderstanding of sexuality.

Question 37

Sociologists note that the increasing use of reproductive technologies

A) will have the same impact on women, regardless of their social status.
B) may lead to a new eugenics movement.
C) is guided by tradition.
D) affects middle-class women more than others.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is false about the sexual practices of the U.S. public?

A) Young people are becoming sexually active at an earlier age.
B) A significant number of people have extramarital sex.
C) Having only one sex partner in one's lifetime is rare.
D) A slight majority of people are lesbian and gay.

Question 39

Conflict theorists

A) relate sexuality to the stability of the family.
B) believe that all sexual relationships are oppressive.
C) are interested in the international sex trade and other economic issues related to sexuality.
D) focus on the social construction of sexuality.

Question 40

Bobby's view of his sexual identity is learned:

A) at birth.
B) in the context of his social relationships.
C) from his sexual orientation.
D) from his parents during childhood.

Question 41

What is the relationship between the concepts of sexual orientation and sexual identity?

A) Sexual orientation is something deeply rooted in an individual; sexual identity develops within a social context.
B) Sexual identity is biological; sexual orientation is socially constructed.
C) They mean essentially the same thing.
D) One's sexual orientation determines one's sexual identity.

Question 42

Which of the following statement is true of sexual values and attitudes in American society?

A) There is greater tolerance of casual sex today than ever before.
B) The age at which young people are having sex has been increasing over the past two decades.
C) Having only one sex partner in one's lifetime is rare.
D) Fewer people are having sex before marriage than in the past.

Question 43

When discussing sexuality with individuals from previous generations college students often find that sexual attitudes:

A) remain the same overtime.
B) are difficult to document.
C) are often easy to talk about.
D) change and fluctuate over time.

Question 44

According to theory, sexual violence such as rape or sexual harassment is the result of power imbalances between men and women.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interaction
D) social exchange

Question 45

In some cultures women do not believe that orgasm exists. Sociologists view this as evidence that

A) there is a need for more sex education throughout the world.
B) in some cultures women do not have orgasms.
C) sexual attitudes and behavior vary cross-culturally.
D) only men experience orgasm.

Question 46

According to theory, norms that restrict sex to marriage encourage the formation of families.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interaction
D) social exchange

Question 47

The sociological term for the concept that teaches us what appropriate sexual behavior for each gender is called .

A) dramaturgical roles
B) institutional sexism
C) sexual scripts
D) gender constructs

Question 48

The theoretical framework that emphasizes how sexuality contributes to the stability of society is the _.

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) symbolic interaction perspective
D) social exchange perspective

Question 49

The theoretical perspective that sees sexuality as part of the power relations and economic inequality in society is .

A) functionalist theory
B) conflict theory
C) social exchange theory
D) symbolic interaction theory

Question 50

The term for the attraction that a person feels for others of the same or different sex is _.

A) gender identity
B) sexual identity
C) sexual orientation
D) sexuality

Question 51

What is the term for the definition that one has of oneself, and involves one's sexual relationships?

A) Gender identity
B) Sexual identity
C) Sexual orientation
D) Sexuality

Question 52

Information that is available on sexual practices in the U.S. indicates that

A) most people still have only one sexual partner throughout their lives.
B) young people are becoming sexually active at a later age.
C) very few people have extramarital sex.
D) having sex tends to be very frequent.

Question 53

From a sociological perspective, sex

A) is a strictly private matter.
B) is rooted in social norms, values, and institutions.
C) should be limited to people who are married.
D) is completely biological behavior.

Question 54

If having gay, lesbian, and bisexual relations and attractions is a choice, this means that

A) one may decide to change one's sexual orientation.
B) people have no control over their attractions.
C) there is a biological basis to sexual attractions and relationships.
D) it is not possible to change one's sexual orientation.

Question 55

When it comes to attitudes in the U.S. toward gays and lesbians,

A) a majority of people believe that homosexual relations between consenting adults should be legal.
B) only 20% believe that marriage between couples of the same sex should be legal.
C) there has been little change over the years.
D) most people agree with the policy of "don't ask, don't tell" in employment situations.

Question 56

In the sociological study of sexual practices

A) behavior is studied more often than attitudes.
B) people are generally very consistent in terms of what they say and do.
C) actual behavior is difficult to document.
D) survey findings have been well-documented.

Question 57

Research indicating that sexual identity is learned points to

A) sexual knowledge and sexual identity first begin to develop when a person starts having sex.
B) sexual socialization takes place at a very early age.
C) peers have little or no impact on sexual attitudes.
D) what we learn when we are young has no real impact on our sexual attitudes and behaviors as adults.

Question 58

Attitudes in the U.S. toward sex before marriage

A) have become increasingly conservative, overall.
B) are more liberal than those of people in western Europe.
C) are more conservative than those of people in western Europe.
D) have been very consistent throughout history.

Question 59

gives legitimacy to heterosexual behavior, but not homosexual behavior, in order to maintain complementary roles and the ideal of the nuclear family.

A) Functionalist theory
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interaction theory
D) Social exchange theory

Question 60

According to theory, the call for a return to "family values" produces the uniformity in values necessary for social order.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interaction
D) social exchange

Question 61

According to , multiple forms of sexual identity are possible and can be seen in how people cross the ordinarily assumed boundaries between homosexuality and heterosexuality.

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interaction theory
D) queer theory

Question 62

The idea that different standards for sexual behavior apply to men and women is called the .

A) natural order
B) male dominance theory
C) double standard
D) male mandate

Question 63

Which of these theoretical perspectives would be the most interested in how sexual identities are revealed during the process of "coming out" as gay or lesbian?

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interaction theory
D) Social exchange theory

Question 64

A person's sexual identity

A) may change throughout at some point in his or her lifetime.
B) depends on how many same-sex relationships he or she has had.
C) is permanent once it has been determined.
D) is predictable at the time he or she is born.

Question 65

When individuals view and act on homosexuality as a perversion of normal sexual identity, they are advocating _____.

A) Homosexuality
B) Heterosexism
C) Queer theory
D) Sexual politics

Question 66

According to theory, power relations in society influence the power that some sexual groups have over others.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interaction
D) social exchange

Question 67

From a symbolic interactionist perspective

A) sexual practices are the result of complementary gender roles in society.
B) sexual identity and practices are explained by the social organization of society.
C) social approval and taboos influence what is considered permissible.
D) differences in power define what types of sexual behavior is acceptable.

Question 68

Germany recently legalized gay and lesbian relationships, allowing same-sex couples to register their partnership. This is used in the text to illustrate that

A) all countries place an emphasis on legal unions.
B) gays and lesbians have the same rights throughout the U.S. and western Europe.
C) tolerance for gay and lesbian relationships varies significantly throughout the world.
D) legalizing and registering partnerships are equally important to same-sex couples.

Question 69

The group most vulnerable to sexual exploitation is .

A) poor women and women of color
B) working-class women
C) middle-class women
D) women who don't work outside the home

Question 70

When students on a college campus are concerned over issues linked to sexuality and power in society, such as rape or other types of sexual violence, they are addressing:

A) sexual politics
B) sexual expression
C) homophobia
D) gender debates

Question 71

Having casual sexual relations, from kissing to sexual intercourse, without any commitment has been termed as .

A) the double standard
B) hooking up
C) gender bending
D) making out

Question 72

The social construction of sexual identities is explained by .

A) conflict theory
B) functionalist theory
C) symbolic interaction theory
D) social control theory

Question 73

A common stereotype for Asian American women is _.

A) either "hot" or "virgins"
B) temptresses
C) compliant and submissive
D) all of the above

Question 74

Because they are denied equal protection and treated with prejudice and discrimination sociologists consider gay and lesbians as .

A) illegal populations.
B) minorities.
C) tolerant.
D) abnormal.

Question 75

Both functionalism and conflict theory

A) understand sexuality in terms of the overall organization of society.
B) relate sexuality to the stability of the family.
C) see sexuality in relation to power and the economic structure of society.
D) emphasize how sexual identities are socially constructed.

Question 76

The perspective explains sexual identity as self-definition that develops through interaction with others.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) social construction
D) social exchange

Question 77

In general, which of these stereotypes is often applied to men and women at the bottom of the race and class stratification system?

A) They have dangerous or uncontrollable sexual behavior.
B) They are passive and compliant.
C) They are virginal or inexperienced.
D) They are asexual or uninterested in sexual activity.

Question 78

In a cross-cultural study of sexual jealousy, researchers found that when women and men saw their partners kissing or flirting with another person

A) men were consistently more jealous than women.
B) women were consistently more jealous than men.
C) neither men nor women illustrated jealous tendencies.
D) the reactions of men and women varied in different cultural contexts.

Question 79

The introduction of queer theory

A) has strengthened the boundaries between homosexuality and heterosexuality identity.
B) furthers the idea that sexual identity may be a continuum of different possibilities for sexual expression.
C) challenges the belief that there can be multiple types of sexual identity.
D) has not had any impact on how sexual identity is understood.

Question 80

Which of the following groups are more likely to be a victim of sexual violence?

A) White women
B) Rich women
C) Poor and black women
D) Middle class women