Deck 9: Media Influence

Question 1

Social media discusses ______ issues and ______ issues more than the news media.

A) economic; governing
B) inequality; drug-related
C) social; public order
D) government; public policy

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of these situations best represents selective understanding?

A) Danny and Jo have strong political beliefs and interpret media content in ways that support their already-existing perceptions.
B) Taylor is too busy to catch up on recent events therefore is not affected by media content.
C) Bobbi and Jess only consume media content from a source that caters to their political beliefs.
D) Ali has strong political beliefs but consumes media content from a variety of sources to stay informed.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The biggest change in traditional agenda-setting comes from ______.

A) social media
B) television
C) smart phones
D) protests

Answer 3

A

Question 4

News media outlets focus more on ______ and the process of ______ than social media discussions.

A) social justice; public policy
B) economics; governing
C) controversy; decision-making
D) government officials; public order

Question 5

Who wrote about the importance of press freedom for democracy?

A) Charles Horton Cooley
B) Karl Marx
C) Max Weber
D) Ferdinand Tönnies

Question 6

All of the following make up aspects of opinion leaders, EXCEPT ______.

A) overrepresented among men and the middle class
B) could influence those with whom they had personal contact
C) usually held positions of power within the community or workplace
D) paid closer attention than most to the news and discussed politics with others

Question 7

______ suggests that how the media organizes and presents information influences how people are likely to understand the story.

A) Focus theory
B) Agenda-setting theory
C) Construction theory
D) Framing theory

Question 8

Which statement about media effects is true?

A) Research has proven that media once had a direct impact but has evolved to having very limited effects.
B) Pinpointing exactly why, how, to what degree, and on whom media may be influencing is a simple process.
C) Negative behaviors tend to get much more attention than the positive influences of media.
D) Media effects are strong and immediate.

Question 9

If ______ is about what news is covered, then ______ is about how that coverage is constructed.

A) focus; framing
B) framing; agenda-setting
C) focus; construction
D) agenda-setting; framing

Question 10

All of the following arguments about the characterization of then-contemporary society made up the core of the mass society theory, EXCEPT ______.

A) there was a rise in diversity which encouraged ethnic group identity
B) there was a weakening of more traditional personal bonds
C) there was a growing homogenization of the population
D) there was a decline in interpersonal and group relations

Question 11

How does Gustave Le Bon define emotional contagion?

A) When an individual is exposed to information that conflicts with their prior beliefs.
B) When the media manipulates its audience to feel a certain way about a subject.
C) When individuals get caught up in crowd behaviors and take part in actions they otherwise would never consider.
D) When societal norms are challenged by a marginalized community and begin to shift.

Question 12

The idea that those who held minority views were likely to remain silent when they believed that others disagreed is known as the ______ theory.

A) bandwagon
B) unpopular opinion
C) spiral of silence
D) assumption of agreement

Question 13

Which of these situations best represents selective remembering?

A) Jordan was raised in a religious household but chose to change beliefs as an adult.
B) Kris does not believe in climate change and can only recall information supporting this belief.
C) Alex regularly checks up on local and national news but not world news.
D) Ash can only recall the names of popular political candidates.

Question 14

Sam does not pay attention to the news, therefore Sam is unlikely to be affected by media content. This is an example of ______.

A) selective consumption
B) selecting remembering
C) selective understanding
D) selective exposure

Question 15

During World War I, journalist Walter Lippmann wrote ______ of the public's reliance on stereotypes, ______ of the role of media in the manufacture of consent when done in the public interest.

A) critically; approvingly
B) critically; also
C) approvingly; critically
D) approvingly; also

Question 16

What is the umbrella term that came to be used for various arguments suggesting the media's influence was lessened by intervening social and psychological factors?

A) exposure effects
B) limited effects
C) mitigation effects
D) influential effects

Question 17

Which sociologist said that the newspaper was indispensable to the organization of the public mind?

A) Ferdinand Tönnies
B) Max Weber
C) Karl Marx
D) Charles Horton Cooley

Question 18

What was problematic about Blumer's methodology?

A) It was not done on a large enough scale to be legitimate.
B) It suggested movies are the source of children's behavioral problems.
C) It did not consider real-world media practices.
D) It asked leading questions about the influence of movies.

Question 19

What was NOT one of the conclusions of Herbert Blumer's study on the influence of movies on children and adolescents?

A) Movies should be seen as a genuine educational institution for children and adolescents.
B) Children and adolescents were more likely to be influenced by movies than any other age group.
C) One of the ways movies influence their viewers is by implanting attitudes.
D) In movies, extremes are often presented as the norm resulting in conflict with other sources of education.

Question 20

Authors of The People's Choice defined ______ as people who reported that they had either tried to convince someone of a political idea or had been asked a political question by someone else.

A) opinion leaders
B) influencers
C) thought provokers
D) campaigners

Question 21

Cultivation theory considers the ______ effects of television viewing on how people see and understand the social world.

A) long-term
B) direct
C) indirect
D) short-term

Question 22

Immersion in television culture produces a ______ effect, whereby heavy viewing mutes differences based on cultural, social, and political characteristics.

A) uniformity
B) mainstreaming
C) hypnotism
D) homogenous

Question 23

Heavy viewers of television being more likely than moderate or light viewers to believe that most people cannot be trusted and are selfishly looking out for themselves is an example of ______.

A) negative thinking
B) mean world syndrome
C) social defensiveness
D) cultivation of distrust

Question 24

Which of the following statements about mediatization is not true?

A) It stays within the limits of what most media studies have addressed.
B) It is an ongoing social process.
C) It is an attempt to build a theoretical framework that allows discussion of the influences of media in other social and cultural domains.
D) It claims media has been deeply integrated into different spheres of society.

Question 25

Which of the following is not considered a social media platform?

A) Instagram
B) Wikipedia
C) Twitter
D) Facebook

Question 26

In the Cultural Indictors Project, George Gerbner and his associates argued that television's effects ______.

A) tend to occur only to those who are most vulnerable to the influence of media
B) are due to prolonged exposure to a specific genre of programming
C) come from extensive exposure to its contents in general, rather than from any particular program or genre
D) have both short-term and long-term consequences depending on variables such as genre of programming and a person's vulnerability to influence

Question 27

The Triple Revolution was the expansion of all of the following, EXCEPT ______.

A) social networks
B) Internet
C) mobile communications
D) portable media

Question 28

Nowadays in presidential campaigns, the candidate's ______ is of greatest importance to voters.

A) stance on issues
B) personality
C) party affiliation
D) qualifications

Question 29

Media logic is a feature of mediatization that connects media ______ to media ______.

A) creators; viewers
B) content; distributors
C) organization; presentation
D) production; effects

Question 30

Spin is a form of propaganda that involves the creation and diffusion of a specific interpretation of an event, campaign, or policy with the aim of inciting ______.

A) division
B) controversy
C) public support
D) patriotism

Question 31

In the 1940s, a study showed that the most important determinant of a person's vote was ______.

A) party affiliation
B) economic status
C) propaganda
D) stance on issues

Question 32

The software on which most Internet traffic operates is the ______.

A) World Wide Web
B) ISP
C) browser
D) hyperlink

Question 33

The consultants who coach political candidates on improving their appearance in the media and handle media inquiries are called ______.

A) media handlers
B) political planners
C) campaign logisticians
D) image managers

Question 34

The ______ effect occurs when people adopt positions or support candidates because they are perceived to be popular.

A) conformity
B) spiral of silence
C) popularity contest
D) bandwagon

Question 35

Which of the following is not one of the three dimensions of news media logic?

A) commercialism
B) media intelligence
C) professionalism
D) media technology

Question 36

Which of these statements about the mediatization of politics is not true?

A) Some of the influence is indirect.
B) It influences all aspects of political life.
C) It usually occurs as a single development.
D) The key feature is the increasing influence of media.

Question 37

According to psychologist Albert Bandurant, observational learning occurs when children learn behaviors from their ______.

A) social environment
B) main caretakers
C) exposure to media
D) punishments

Question 38

Media logic refers to ______.

A) the infiltration and coexistence of media with everyday communication
B) the process of adapting to the virtualization of social institutions
C) the various needs associated with the production processes for a particular medium
D) the overall organization and presentation of media content

Question 39

Social movements are best defined as ______.

A) a sudden and drastic shift in mainstream beliefs
B) the effects caused by media influence in the absence of responsive political parties
C) the mass media coverage of current social or political issues
D) groups of citizens who have banded together to promote a social or political cause

Question 40

Vicarious reinforcement occurs when a child learns by ______.

A) constant encouragement from caretakers
B) directly imitating the behavior of their peers
C) being rewarded for good behavior rather than punished for bad behavior
D) observing the consequences of another person's behavior

Question 41

In both personal and online settings, people were more willing to share their views if they thought their audience agreed with them.

Question 42

People seek to conform to what they as prevailing views because they want to be perceived as intelligent.

Question 43

In the absence of effective political parties, social movements offer an avenue for citizen participation in politics.

Question 44

Social media logic is made up of four key elements: programmability, popularity, connectivity, and ______.

A) accessibility
B) datafication
C) mediatization
D) addictiveness

Question 45

For users, the benefits of a particular platform ______ when other people they know also use it.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) disappear
D) appear

Question 46

Limited effects theory argued that the influence of media messages were limited to certain demographics.

Question 47

Media logic has an effect on political communication before it even happens.

Question 48

A frame refers to the context into which the media places facts.

Question 49

Facebook users who are ______ offline tend to have more online friends than ______.

A) introverted; most users
B) extraverted; most users
C) extraverted; introverts
D) introverted; extraverts

Question 50

One of the many long-term negative effects that can come from marketing to children is the development of unhealthy eating habits.

Question 51

In the relationship between the media and social movements, the latter tends to hold the upper hand.

Question 52

The media's organization of a story only involves the order in which journalists tell the story.

Question 53

Paul Lazarsfeld's study on how information influenced Erie County voters during the 1940 presidential election found that media messages rarely changed voters' minds about candidates.

Question 54

Media content tends to affect all children in the same way.

Question 55

A ______ effect is said to exist when the value of a product or service increases the more people use it.

A) social
B) platform
C) network
D) connectivity

Question 56

Researchers found that people's class, race, gender, and other social characteristics were associated with how they tended to interpret, understand, and react to media content.

Question 57

Positive behaviors tend to get much more attention than the negative influences of media.

Question 58

Social media users have replaced professional media in controlling the largest platform for public discourse.

Question 59

The spiral of silence can keep in check views that are widely seen as dangerous or abhorrent.

Question 60

Which of the following is the best example of Internet addiction?

A) Jackie spends an excessive amount of money shopping online.
B) Toni gets into arguments online with people who have opposing political views.
C) Adrian uses someone else's photos on a social media website and interacts with others pretending to be that person.
D) Mel regularly stays up all night and skips classes to play online video games.