Deck 16: Relationships and Business

Question 1

According to evolutionary theory, a man's greatest worry is that

A) his partner will leave him for another person.
B) he is not the biological father of the children that he is supporting.
C) his partner will form an emotional bond with another person.
D) his partner will share resources with another person.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

People who score high on the Dispositional Contempt Scale are more likely to be

A) dissatisfied with their partners but have partners who are satisfied with them.
B) dissatisfied with their partners and have partners who are dissatisfied with them.
C) satisfied with their partners but have partners who are dissatisfied with them.
D) satisfied with their partners and have partners who are satisfied with them.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to the text, research focusing on ________ investigates what one looks for in the opposite sex, whereas research focusing on ________ investigates how one handles heterosexual relationships.

A) sociosexuality; mate value
B) mating strategies; mate selection
C) mate value; sociosexuality
D) mate selection; mating strategies

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What relationship outcome is likely to occur for two people who are both disagreeable?

A) Their relationship will be successful because they are similar.
B) Similarly disagreeable people will probably never meet in the first place.
C) Similarly disagreeable people will likely not have a successful relationship.
D) There is no evidence to support that similarity in traits predicts relationship success.

Question 5

What is the common relationship outcome for people who score high on rejection sensitivity?

A) Their partners rise to the occasion and reassure them that they are valued.
B) Their partners do what they fear the most and reject them.
C) They typically have more arguments with their partners than in an average relationships.
D) Their partners end up developing rejection sensitivity.

Question 6

________ and ________ people tend to score higher on dispositional contempt.

A) Women; older
B) Women; well-educated
C) Men; younger
D) Men; poorly educated

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT listed in your text as a relationship deal-breaker?

A) dispositional contempt
B) rejection sensitivity
C) untrustworthiness
D) obsessive-compulsiveness

Question 8

According to the text, what two traits are especially significant "deal-breakers" for individuals to have in a relationship?

A) being untrustworthy and having anger issues
B) being emotionally unavailable and judgmental
C) being controlling and a bad listener
D) being too needy and jealous

Question 9

Most people are agreeable and well adjusted. Non-normal, disagreeable people have a personality that is not likely to be successful in relationships and they are likely in relationships with partners who are not similar to them. Which of the following conclusions can you draw from the above argument?

A) People who are more similar are more likely to have a successful relationship.
B) People who are more similar are less likely to have a successful relationship.
C) There is no one explanation why some people are and are not compatible with one another.
D) People who are sensitive to rejection tend to be rejected.

Question 10

Kara is setting up her online dating profile. According to evolutionary predictions about mate selection, she will most likely highlight her

A) physical attractiveness.
B) future goals.
C) financial resources.
D) personality traits.

Question 11

Ben is often seen as arrogant and disagreeable yet also emotionally fragile and insecure. For what trait does Ben likely score high?

A) emotional instability
B) dispositional contempt
C) high self-monitoring
D) introversion

Question 12

According to the text, after trying to predict the degree of romantic interest and success following 4-minute speed dates, researchers were able to

A) determine who will be successful at dating but were unable to predict with which romantic partner they will be successful.
B) determine who will be romantically compatible, but not how long the relationship will last.
C) identify that opposite personalities attract, but not the degree of interest that these people have for one another.
D) identify what physical characteristics are attractive, but not what personality traits are attractive.

Question 13

George is a generally positive person that demonstrates a high degree of self-control. According to the text, which of the following is George MOST likely to have?

A) a good job
B) a clean house
C) good relationships
D) strong musical talent

Question 14

Which of the following describes the evolutionary explanation of sex differences in mate selection?

A) Men and women seek very different things; men seek just sex and women only seek commitment.
B) The differences are the result of a biological fluke and will disappear completely in the next hundred years.
C) Men and women seek essentially the same thing; both are trying to increase the likelihood that they will produce viable offspring who will survive.
D) The differences are the result of socialization practices.

Question 15

Kevin is setting up his online dating profile. According to evolutionary predictions about mate selection, he will most likely highlight his

A) physical attractiveness.
B) propensity for jealousy.
C) financial resources.
D) young age.

Question 16

According to evolutionary theory, a woman's greatest worry is that

A) her partner won't make as much money in the future as he previously did.
B) her partner will have a sexual relationship with another person.
C) her partner will form an emotional bond with another person.
D) she will be forced to raise her partner's children from a previous relationship.

Question 17

Mohammed is troubled by the fact that his romantic partner assumes they are being excluded and dismissed at the slightest expression of irritation from him. On what trait does Mohammed's partner score high?

A) rejection sensitivity
B) self-monitoring
C) dispositional contempt
D) closed mindedness

Question 18

In a speed-dating context, people that rate themselves as ________ are less likely to report being attracted to someone.

A) warm
B) ugly
C) picky
D) smart

Question 19

Across a wide variety of cultures, ________ are more likely to place a higher value on physical attractiveness than ________.

A) women; men
B) introverts; extraverts
C) extraverts; introverts
D) men; women

Question 20

One study reported in the text demonstrates that people are more inclined to like others who they perceive as ________ and less inclined to like people who they perceive as ________.

A) warm and trustful; moody and irritable
B) intellectual and responsible; free-spirited and open-minded
C) pragmatic and logical; naïve
D) moody; overly cautious

Question 21

According to attachment theory, children ________ from their early experiences.

A) learn whether their attachment figures are reliable
B) develop dispositional contempt
C) learn the skills necessary for occupational success
D) develop traits that promote good relationships

Question 22

Which area of psychology has found empirical evidence for the origins of homosexuality?

A) neuroscience
B) evolutionary psychology
C) social psychology
D) No area of psychology has found empirical evidence for the origins of homosexuality.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a complication in the evolutionary explanation for mating behavior?

A) A woman who is extremely thin and attractive to men sometimes does not have enough body fat to menstruate.
B) The degree to which we are attracted to someone can be influenced by how much we like them.
C) The physical attractiveness of a man is important to women and indicates that he is a healthy mate.
D) Men tend to have more sexual partners than women do.

Question 24

Which partner in a heterosexual relationship would MOST likely be concerned with maintaining a well-established and stable relationship?

A) women
B) both men and women
C) men
D) neither men nor women

Question 25

Susie is an infant participating in a strange situation. When her mother leaves the room, Susie does not seem to care. Upon her mother's return, Susie ignores her. What kind of attachment does Susie have to her mother?

A) anxious-ambivalent
B) avoidant
C) rejecting
D) depressive

Question 26

Which of the following describes someone who would score high on sociosexuality?

A) a woman who consistently follows sex role norms
B) a man described as "husband material" by women
C) a man who buys flashy jewelry in order to attract a mate
D) a very sensitive and even effeminate man

Question 27

The psychological goal of attachment is to

A) feel secure and protected.
B) release sexual urges.
C) avoid conflict with authority figures.
D) advance reproduction.

Question 28

A woman who mates with an unstable but attractive man seems to follow a different reproductive strategy than most other women. This idea is called

A) the "sexy son" hypothesis.
B) taking the reproductive high road.
C) the adaptive option proposal.
D) evolutionary roaming.

Question 29

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, socialization shapes sexual behavior; therefore, it is possible for

A) anyone to be attracted to anyone or even anything.
B) men to be attracted to women and women to be attracted to men.
C) men to be attracted to men, but not possible for women to be attracted to women.
D) women to be attracted to women, but not possible for men to be attracted to men.

Question 30

According to evolutionary theory, ________ mate with someone who will provide their offspring with optimal health; ________ mate with someone to provides resources that will aid in the survival of their offspring.

A) men; women
B) men; men
C) women; men
D) women; women

Question 31

According to a study presented in the text, ________ tend to be more jealous of sexual infidelity, whereas ________ tend to be more jealous of emotional infidelity.

A) men; women
B) women and men; neither women nor men
C) women; men
D) neither women nor men; women and men

Question 32

Men who score high on ________ are especially accurate when it comes to judging their mate value, whereas women who score high on ________ are especially accurate when it comes to judging their mate value.

A) neuroticism; sociosexuality
B) sociosexuality; narcissism
C) sociosexuality; agreeableness
D) narcissism; sociosexuality

Question 33

According to Bowlby, the basis of love is

A) friendship.
B) attachment.
C) fear.
D) security.

Question 34

________ theory focuses on patterns of relationships with others that are consistently repeated with different partners throughout one's life.

A) Sociosexuality
B) Evolutionary
C) Attachment
D) Psychosocial

Question 35

Dr. Patel is a psychologist who is interested in the environmental origins of sexuality. Which of the following is Dr. Patel MOST likely to focus on researching regarding the origins of homosexuality?

A) if there is a heritable "gay gene"
B) whether boys fall in love with their mothers and are homosexual because they cannot bear to betray them
C) whether genes associated with advantageous traits are paired with genes that promote homosexuality
D) whether children develop sexual feelings for the gender they did not interact with as a child

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a reason why homosexuality was removed from the DSM as a psychological disorder?

A) Homosexuality is very common.
B) Homosexuality exists in other species.
C) People identifying as homosexual enjoy happy, healthy, and productive lives.
D) Homosexuality is rare.

Question 37

What term describes the willingness to engage in sexual activities in the absence of a committed relationship?

A) openness to experience
B) sensation seeking
C) sociosexuality
D) sociometry

Question 38

According to the text, ________ is a likely explanation for why those in a relationship often find opposite-sex strangers less attractive than people who aren't in a relationship.

A) the "sexy-son" hypothesis
B) jealousy
C) relationship maintenance
D) sociosexuality

Question 39

Those who score high on ________ are especially concerned with finding attractive, short-term mating partners, whereas those who score low on ________ are concerned with traits related to parenting behaviors.

A) neuroticism; sociosexuality
B) sociosexuality; neuroticism
C) narcissism; agreeableness
D) sociosexuality; sociosexuality

Question 40

According to many laboratory studies, attachment is considered a

A) trait.
B) temperament.
C) state.
D) product of the situation.

Question 41

Researchers have recently begun to consider attachment as a two-dimensional model. Specifically, individuals can be described in terms of their degree of ________ and ________ in their relationships.

A) avoidance; security
B) anxiety; avoidance
C) obsessiveness; security
D) happiness; anxiety

Question 42

According to attachment theory, what are the three types of attachment in children?

A) anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, and dependent
B) anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, and secure
C) anxious-ambivalent, dependent, and secure
D) avoidant, dependent, and secure

Question 43

According to the text, what is a common criterion used to judge job performance?

A) the employees' self-reported evaluations
B) how much profit the employee makes for the company
C) the supervisor's evaluations a year after the employee is hired
D) the employees' ratings on a job performance questionnaire

Question 44

Research suggests that avoidant children are likely to become adults who tend to

A) be obsessed with their romantic partners.
B) be relatively uninterested in romantic relationships.
C) have high self-esteem and confidence.
D) enjoy long, stable romantic relationships.

Question 45

Tara is an executive at a corporation and is looking to hire an assistant. According to the text, which of the following qualities is Tara more likely to seriously evaluate during the interview?

A) trustworthiness
B) happiness
C) creativity
D) extraversion

Question 46

Integrity tests typically measure all of the following traits EXCEPT

A) openness.
B) emotional stability.
C) agreeableness.
D) conscientiousness.

Question 47

Charlie just broke up with his boyfriend and, though he admits that he is now lonely, he is not very upset that the relationship has ended. What attachment style does Charlie likely have?

A) anxious-ambivalent
B) avoidant
C) secure
D) agreeable

Question 48

Which of the following best describes the behavior of individuals with a secure attachment style?

A) They may have feelings of sadness and insecurity, but they do not distort reality to deal with it.
B) They never feel sad or stressed because they have such a positive outlook on life.
C) They may have feelings of sadness but not insecurity, because their attachment has been reliable.
D) They have negative emotions but are able to change their reality to cope with it.

Question 49

Randy is participating in the strange situation. When his mother returns after being gone from the room, he is happy and greets her warmly. What attachment style does Randy likely have?

A) anxious-ambivalent
B) avoidant
C) secure
D) agreeable

Question 50

What trait is the MOST predictive of job performance?

A) extraversion
B) emotional stability
C) conscientiousness
D) agreeableness

Question 51

If someone establishes an avoidant attachment style, it is ________ for them to change to a different attachment style later in life.

A) impossible
B) difficult but not impossible
C) very easy
D) neither easy nor difficult

Question 52

A child is considered ________ if they become upset when left in a strange situation by their parents and ________ if they do not appear stressed at all.

A) secure; avoidant
B) avoidant; anxious-avoidant
C) avoidant; secure
D) anxious-ambivalent; avoidant

Question 53

The behavioral pattern of "citizenship performance" while at work is predicted by which trait?

A) neuroticism
B) self-monitoring
C) extraversion
D) conscientiousness

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT listed in your text as a reason why personality is important in the business world?

A) Some work environments influence employee behaviors.
B) Some people make better employees than others.
C) Some people make better bosses than others.
D) Some people have more successful relationships than others.

Question 55

What is the best example of the self-fulfilling tendency of attachment styles?

A) a child who is anxious-ambivalent and so likable that she attracts her parents' attention
B) a professor who is so secure he tends to annoy his students
C) a college senior who is secure and gives her classmates the impression that she is uninterested in them
D) a troubled teen who is avoidant and tends to make people angry and drive them away

Question 56

When Sandy is under a lot of stress, she seeks out her significant other for support and reassurance. What attachment styles does she likely have?

A) anxious-ambivalent
B) avoidant
C) secure
D) obsessive-compulsive

Question 57

According to the text, why might someone who is securely attached most of the time, but who also fluctuates between secure and avoidant attachment styles, not have a good romantic relationship?

A) People like their partners to be predictable and it is difficult for them to not know what is coming next.
B) People find even a small amount of avoidant behavior difficult.
C) People tend to see the combination of secure and avoidant attachment styles as a particularly bad combination.
D) People prefer not to be with someone who has positive attitudes most of the time.

Question 58

According to the text, anxious-ambivalent adults typically display what type of behavior in a relationship?

A) obsessive and jealous
B) warm and understanding
C) distant and withholding
D) competitive and dismissive

Question 59

Research suggests that anxious-ambivalent children are relatively likely to become adults who tend to

A) be obsessed with their romantic partners.
B) be relatively uninterested in romantic relationships.
C) have high self-esteem and confidence.
D) enjoy long, stable romantic relationships.

Question 60

According to attachment theory, attachment behaviors are learned ________ and reinforced in a self-fulfilling manner ________.

A) in young adulthood; late in life
B) in early childhood; across young adulthood
C) throughout one's life; throughout one's life
D) late in life; late in life

Question 61

Even on a genetic level, grit and conscientiousness are

A) essentially the same trait.
B) significantly different personality dimensions.
C) facets of the same trait.
D) distinct from "drive."

Question 62

Manuel tends to be calm and steady most of the time. For what position at his company is he particularly well suited?

A) receptionist
B) customer service representative
C) salesperson
D) manager

Question 63

Jalisa is highly conscientious but lacks the motivation at work to do the best she can. According to the text, what is Jalisa MOST likely missing in her professional life?

A) a job that fits her personality
B) an open-seating work environment
C) coworkers with whom she gets along
D) a boss who is high on the dark triad traits

Question 64

Julia is an accountant at a major firm. What Holland type is Julia MOST likely to be?

A) enterprising
B) social
C) investigative
D) conventional

Question 65

According to a meta-analysis reported in the text, what behavior is highly predictive of poor job performance?

A) absenteeism
B) not speaking up in meetings
C) having conversations with coworkers
D) not volunteering to work overtime

Question 66

Years of education is considered a(n) ________ of conscientiousness and is often used by employers as a signal of future job performance.

A) integrity test
B) distractor variable
C) facet
D) marker variable

Question 67

Which of the following traits is the best predictor of management performance?

A) emotional stability
B) conscientiousness
C) extraversion
D) agreeableness

Question 68

Match each person's description with the attachment style they are likely to have.

-Secure attachment style

A)Someone who worries that other people will not be available at times of need
B)Someone who, while under stress, withdraws from their partner and denies any stress exists
C)Someone who tends to be obsessed with their partner and is riddled with jealousy
D)Someone who strives for independence and emotional distance from others
E)Someone who enjoys long, stable romantic relationships characterized by friendship and trust

Question 69

Based on recent research, what occurrence might signal a major concern when selecting a stockbroker?

A) evidence that the broker loses big money at poker games
B) few pictures of loved ones in the office
C) modest earnings during the recession
D) a messy and sloppy appearance

Question 70

When in a person's life are traits associated with job performance first detected?

A) as early as 8 years old
B) around 18 years old
C) when they start their first job
D) later in life, around 60 years old

Question 71

Which trait is NOT associated with making more money?

A) high conscientiousness
B) low agreeableness
C) high extraversion
D) low neuroticism

Question 72

According to the text, what is NOT considered a possible reason why someone is likely to experience occupational success if their spouse is high in conscientiousness?

A) Conscientious people tend to marry other conscientious people.
B) A conscientious spouse can serve as a role model to work harder.
C) A conscientious spouse keeps things running at home, which helps with concentration at work.
D) Having a conscientious spouse is considered impressive to one's boss.

Question 73

Which of the following traits are included in the dark triad?

A) narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy
B) low agreeableness, neuroticism, and low conscientiousness
C) narcissism, neuroticism, and antisocialism
D) psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and schizophrenia

Question 74

One benefit of assessing job performance with tests of integrity or conscientiousness is that, unlike tests of intelligence, they do NOT

A) show racial or ethnic differences.
B) show gender differences.
C) cost a lot.
D) take a long time to administer.

Question 75

Which of the following best characterizes managers high on dark triad traits?

A) tough but fair
B) selfish and toxic
C) kind and approachable
D) cold and distant

Question 76

Why is it more important to understand the personality of a manager than to understand the personality of an employee?

A) There are fewer managers, so it is important to learn about this underrepresented group.
B) The actions of a manager impact the behavior and outcomes of many people.
C) Managers typically have stronger personalities, which are easier to study.
D) Understanding the personality of the manager and employee is equally important.

Question 77

According to the text, economists are starting to understand that ________ matter just as much as ________ to occupational success.

A) personality traits; self-control
B) IQ; cognitive ability
C) personality traits; cognitive ability
D) social dynamics; personality traits

Question 78

Why are people high in dark triad traits often advantageous at gaining power?

A) They are particularly well organized.
B) They are ruthless and cunning.
C) They are good at reading people.
D) They work hard to the point of exhaustion.

Question 79

Karine just did really well on her interview to work at a tech start-up company. If Karine is high in conscientiousness, what behavior would likely explain why she did so well interviewing?

A) She had a lot of energy and enthusiasm.
B) She expressed optimism about her future.
C) She spent time before the interview researching the position.
D) She maintained eye contact during the interview.

Question 80

Which of the following traits is NOT a predictor of manager performance?

A) emotional stability
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) extraversion