Deck 12: Cancer

Question 1

Which of the following is linked to approximately 32% of cancer deaths?

A) heredity/family history
B) smoking
C) pollution
D) ultraviolet radiation

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What controls the production of a particular protein?

A) genes
B) chromosomes
C) oncogenes
D) mutations

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is a risk factor for breast cancer?

A) lack of hormone therapy
B) early motherhood
C) relatives with breast cancer
D) late onset of menstruation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following causes 80% of the cases of liver cancer worldwide?

A) hepatitis B and C viruses
B) Epstein-Barr virus
C) human herpesvirus 8
D) Helicobacter pylori bacterium

Question 5

Which potentially dangerous additive exists in processed meats?

A) sulforaphane
B) nitrates
C) sodium chloride
D) glucose

Question 6

Some 50 studies have shown significant improvement in heart function among cancer survivors who engaged in ________ minutes, three times a week.

A) high-intensity exercise for 20 to 40
B) moderate-intensity exercise for 20 to 40
C) high-intensity exercise for 40 to 60
D) moderate-intensity exercise for 40 to 60

Question 7

Which food is recommended for cancer risk reduction?

A) walnuts, pistachios, and almonds
B) yellow or orange fruits and vegetables
C) potatoes and yams
D) onions and celery

Question 8

Metastasis is

A) a type of cancer.
B) the division of cancer cells.
C) the spread of cancer cells.
D) a nonmalignant cell.

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes cancer?

A) a rapid growth of cells within an enclosed membrane
B) an abnormal and uncontrolled multiplication of cells
C) an infectious disease that is often fatal
D) a set of tumor-like growths in a specific part of the body

Question 10

What is the most common type of cancer in women?

A) lung
B) breast
C) colorectal
D) skin

Question 11

Which is an example of a cancer promoter?

A) STIs
B) estrogen
C) smoking
D) asbestos

Question 12

What is the name for substances that cause cancer?

A) mutagens
B) oncogenes
C) initiators
D) carcinogens

Question 13

What is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States?

A) breast cancer
B) colon and rectal cancer
C) prostate cancer
D) lung cancer

Question 14

Which naturally occurring substances found in plants can help prevent chronic diseases?

A) nitrosamines
B) anticarcinogens
C) phytochemicals
D) free radicals

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of environmental tobacco smoke?

A) It is a harmless substance.
B) It is a risk factor for lung cancer.
C) It is dangerous only in people with a family history of cancer.
D) It is a risk factor for prostate cancer.

Question 16

A diet high in which of the following is linked to high rates of colon and prostate cancer?

A) fat and meat
B) omega-3 fats
C) carotenoids
D) nitrosamines

Question 17

Which statement about race/ethnicity and cancer is correct?

A) There are clear connections between race/ethnicity and cancer.
B) European Americans have the highest cancer rates overall.
C) African Americans have the lowest cancer rates overall.
D) No single genetic or racial/ethnic factor relating to cancer is easy to isolate.

Question 18

What is a common test that is useful in early detection of colon cancers?

A) stool blood test
B) serum lipid panel
C) surgery
D) biopsy

Question 19

What is the primary difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

A) Malignant tumors can spread to distant sites in the body.
B) Benign tumors do not have symptoms.
C) Malignant tumors are always associated with fatal cancer cases.
D) Benign tumors are made up of different types of cells than the surrounding tissue.

Question 20

Which of these is linked with oral cancer when consumed in excess?

A) nitrates and sulfates
B) alcohol
C) chewing gum
D) phytochemicals

Question 21

Which statement about ovarian cancer and uterine cancer is true?

A) Ovarian is rare compared to uterine, but causes more deaths.
B) Uterine is rare compared to ovarian, but causes more deaths.
C) Ovarian is both more common and more deadly than uterine.
D) Uterine is both more common and more deadly than ovarian.

Question 22

What is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?

A) melanoma
B) basal cell carcinoma
C) lymphoma
D) squamous cell carcinoma

Question 23

Which statement about kidney cancer is true?

A) Obesity is a major risk factor.
B) It usually occurs in people over 50.
C) Smoking is a major risk factor.
D) It usually occurs in people under 50.

Question 24

Melissa uses a sunscreen with an SPF rating of 20. What does this rating mean?

A) She can stay in the sun for 20 minutes without getting tanned or burned.
B) She can stay in the sun 20 times longer without getting burned than if she had not used it.
C) She is protected against the full range of ultraviolet radiation.
D) Her sunscreen contains 20 different ingredients to block ultraviolet radiation.

Question 25

Which statement about pancreatic cancer is true?

A) Being Asian American is a risk factor.
B) The cure involves radiation therapy.
C) Being female is a risk factor.
D) There is no cure.

Question 26

The most significant risk factor for brain cancer is

A) ionizing radiation, as in X-rays of the head.
B) tobacco use, whether the smoking or spit variety.
C) solar radiation, such as UV and other harmful rays.
D) drug use, whether of the prescription or illegal variety.

Question 27

Which statement about breast cancer is correct?

A) The American Cancer Society recommends breast self-exams.
B) Breast cancer kills more women every year than lung cancer.
C) The female hormone estrogen helps fight breast cancer.
D) If a woman finds a lump in her breast, she should alert her physician.

Question 28

The Pap test is used to help detect which type of cancer?

A) cervical
B) ovarian
C) breast
D) endometrial

Question 29

What is the most common cancer for men aged 20 to 35?

A) lung cancer
B) prostate cancer
C) colon cancer
D) testicular cancer

Question 30

Non-Hodgkin ________ is the more common and deadly form of this type of cancer.

A) leukemia
B) carcinoma
C) lymphoma
D) melanoma

Question 31

What is another name for cancer of the uterus?

A) prostate
B) endometrial
C) estrogen
D) cervical

Question 32

The majority of head and neck cancers result from

A) consumption of processed foods.
B) alcohol and tobacco use.
C) HPV infection.
D) drug use.

Question 33

Where can melanoma occur?

A) only on the face or neck
B) only near moles
C) only on areas that have been sunburned
D) anywhere on the body

Question 34

Selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs) are

A) machines for conducting breast cancer examinations.
B) drugs for preventing and treating breast cancer.
C) machines for conducting cervical cancer examinations.
D) drugs for preventing and treating cervical cancer.

Question 35

The strongest predictor of the risk for prostate cancer is

A) drug and alcohol use.
B) sexual history.
C) race.
D) age.

Question 36

The American Cancer Society recommends routine use of mammography to detect breast cancer for women over what age?

A) 25 years
B) 35 years
C) 45 years
D) 55 years

Question 37

Bladder cancer is much more common in

A) women than men, and black women than white women.
B) men than women, and black men than white men.
C) women than men, and white women than black women.
D) men than women, and white men than black men.

Question 38

Almost all skin cancer cases involve exposure to

A) lead.
B) asbestos.
C) ultraviolet radiation.
D) secondhand cigarette smoke.

Question 39

Leukemia is a cancer of the

A) head and neck.
B) white blood cells.
C) lymph nodes.
D) vital organs.

Question 40

What is the most common cancer in men?

A) colon cancer
B) prostate cancer
C) lung cancer
D) leukemia

Question 41

Mammograms and sigmoidoscopies are methods for

A) early detection of breast and prostate cancer, respectively.
B) removing cancerous cells from the breast and prostate, respectively.
C) early detection of breast and colon cancer, respectively.
D) removing cancerous cells from the breast and colon, respectively.

Question 42

Cancer is an abnormal and uncontrollable multiplication of cells or tissue that leads to death if untreated.

Question 43

Benign tumors are capable of invading surrounding structures and spreading to distant sites.

Question 44

Which statement about detecting the early signs of cancer is true?

A) Unlike with many other diseases, the early signs of cancer are usually not apparent.
B) Pain is a reliable guide to early detection.
C) As with many other diseases, the early signs of cancer are usually quite apparent.
D) Difficulty breathing is a reliable guide to early detection.

Question 45

Socioeconomically disadvantaged people are more likely to engage in activities associated with cancer risk-for example, smoking and eating unhealthful foods.

Question 46

Nitrates in food can inhibit cancer cell development.

Question 47

Every case of cancer begins with a change in a cell that allows it to grow and divide when it should not.

Question 48

A cancer that has spread to distant tissues or organs would be classified as ________.

A) Stage I
B) Stage II
C) Stage III
D) Stage IV

Question 49

If a person has a tumor, physicians typically start by performing a(n)

A) biopsy to confirm the type of tumor.
B) ultrasound to confirm the type of tumor.
C) biopsy to determine the extent of cancer in a person's body.
D) ultrasound to determine the extent of cancer in a person's body.

Question 50

Which statement regarding recent insights on cancer treatment is correct?

A) David Cheresh established that oxygen deprivation makes it easier to kill tumors.
B) Rajesh Jain showed that boosting oxygen levels in tumors makes them easier to kill.
C) David Cheresh established that nutrient deprivation makes it easier to kill tumors.
D) Rajesh Jain showed that depriving tumors of nutrients makes them easier to kill.

Question 51

Which statement regarding the testicular self-exam is true?

A) It is best performed before a shower or bath.
B) It should be done bimonthly.
C) It is recommended only for men who are sexually active.
D) It should be performed using a gentle rolling motion.

Question 52

Personalized or precision therapies are selected on the basis of the ________ the cancer.

A) genetic profile of
B) type and extent of
C) antibodies associated with
D) risk factors associated with

Question 53

Surgery is most effective for a tumor that

A) involves cells of the lymphatic system.
B) is solid and limited to one area.
C) involves cells of the immune system.
D) is gelatinous and limited to one area.

Question 54

The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another is called metastasis.

Question 55

Colon cancer rarely occurs before age 50.

Question 56

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States.

Question 57

What term refers to the use of targeted drugs to destroy rapidly growing cancer cells?

A) radiation
B) surgery
C) chemotherapy
D) transplanting

Question 58

About 15% of cancer deaths are related to general environmental pollution.

Question 59

The Epstein-Barr virus that causes mononucleosis is also linked to some stomach cancers.

Question 60

Which statement about treating cancer is true?

A) The ideal approach is not to kill or remove all cancerous cells because doing so would break down the patient's immunities.
B) Stem cell transplants are a common treatment for most types of cancer.
C) The ideal approach would be to kill or remove all cancerous cells, but this is not always possible.
D) Immunotherapy is a common treatment for most types of cancer.

Question 61

Ninety percent of breast lumps turn out to be malignant.

Question 62

According to research by pathologist David Cheresh, depriving tumors of nutrients makes them more resistant to treatment.

Question 63

Folic acid and calcium may provide protection against the development of colon cancer.

Question 64

The majority of women with breast cancer have a family history of the disease.

Question 65

Use of tanning lamps is not linked to skin cancer, because tanning lamps emit a safe form of UV radiation.

Question 66

Discuss at least three of the lifestyle factors linked with cancer.

Question 67

Uterine cancer mostly affects women under the age of 40.

Question 68

Prostate cancers can sometimes be detected with a blood test.

Question 69

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the primary cause of skin cancers.

Question 70

Early signs of cancer are typically apparent only to the person who has them.

Question 71

Late onset of menstruation and early onset of menopause are risk factors for breast cancer.

Question 72

Screening tests have been proven effective at reducing deaths from ovarian cancer.

Question 73

Pain is a reliable guide to early detection of cancer.

Question 74

Explain the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor. Include a description of metastasis.

Question 75

Basal cell carcinoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer.

Question 76

Discuss the relationship between race/ethnicity, poverty, and cancer.

Question 77

African American men have an increased risk of prostate cancer compared with other populations.

Question 78

Radiation therapy is more toxic than chemotherapy or surgery.

Question 79

Pancreatic cancer is usually detected after it has reached an advanced stage.

Question 80

Unprotected sex is a risk factor for cervical cancer.