Deck 10: Stress

Question 1

Which of the following best defines the term stress response?

A) any physical or psychological event that produces stress
B) the nonspecific response of the body to any demand
C) the physical and emotional changes associated with stress
D) an unpleasant stress state believed to cause illness

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When the body releases cortisol and epinephrine, the heart rate accelerates and hearing and vision become more acute. What is the term for this?

A) the fight-or-flight reaction
B) homeostasis
C) somatic nervous system reaction
D) adaptive energy response

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the parasympathetic division?

A) a division of the autonomic nervous system that activates during times of arousal, including exercise, severe pain, anger, or fear
B) a part of the brain that activates, controls, and integrates autonomic mechanisms, endocrine activities, and many bodily functions
C) a division of the autonomic nervous system that is in control when a person relaxes and that aids in digesting food, storing energy, and promoting growth
D) the branch of the peripheral nervous system that is largely under conscious control and governs motor functions and sensory information

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is an effective response to stress?

A) using tobacco
B) drinking alcohol
C) taking drugs
D) learning new time-management skills

Question 5

Which statement describes people with hardy personalities?

A) They have a strong external locus of control.
B) They have highly intense reactions to stressors.
C) They typically view stressors as challenges.
D) They do not feel in control of their lives.

Question 6

Which term best fits a Type A personality?

A) patient
B) relaxed
C) high-achieving
D) passive

Question 7

How is the term stress best defined?

A) a physical response to an unpleasant event
B) the physical and emotional state associated with the stress response
C) a negative perception of one's circumstances
D) adaptation to an event, perceived or real

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes the sympathetic division?

A) a division of the autonomic nervous system that activates during times of arousal, including exercise, severe pain, anger, or fear
B) a part of the brain that activates, controls, and integrates autonomic mechanisms, endocrine activities, and many bodily functions
C) a division of the autonomic nervous system that is in control when a person relaxes and that aids in digesting food, storing energy, and promoting growth
D) the branch of the peripheral nervous system that is largely under conscious control and governs motor functions and sensory information

Question 9

Which of the following is the best definition for the term stressor?

A) any physical or psychological event that produces stress
B) the nonspecific response of the body to any demand
C) the physical and emotional changes associated with stress
D) an unpleasant stress state believed to cause illness

Question 10

Which of the following increase during the fight-or-flight reaction?

A) slow-twitch muscles
B) cognitive dissonance
C) digestion
D) blood sugar levels

Question 11

Lia has a hardy personality. How is she likely to react or respond to a stressor?

A) Lia will have an exaggerated stress response.
B) Lia will view the stressor in a relaxed and contemplative way.
C) Lia will feel hopeless and think she cannot handle the situation.
D) Lia will view the stressor as a challenge and an opportunity to learn.

Question 12

Homeostasis is a state in which

A) vital functions of the body increase.
B) vital functions of the body are maintained at a normal level.
C) vital functions of the body decrease.
D) some body functions increase while others decrease.

Question 13

A person who has difficulty expressing emotions, suppresses anger, and feels hopeless has characteristics of which personality type?

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

Question 14

A person with what personality type tends toward negative emotional states such as anxiety, depression, and irritability?

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of the endocrine system?

A) It affects body functions through the release of hormones.
B) It controls body functions through effective responses.
C) It is a combination of autonomic and somatic nerves.
D) It is a combination of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.

Question 16

Which of the following is not an example of an effective response to stress?

A) overeating
B) laughing
C) talking
D) meditating

Question 17

Which personality trait seems to enable people to deal more successfully with stress?

A) hardiness
B) excitability
C) cynicism
D) hostility

Question 18

What does the somatic nervous system manage?

A) largely conscious actions
B) emotions
C) the fight-or-flight reaction
D) hormone release

Question 19

Which nervous system is involved in deciding to go for a walk to cope with stress?

A) autonomic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) somatic

Question 20

Which describes a person with a Type B personality?

A) ultracompetitive
B) contemplative
C) hostile
D) controlling

Question 21

Which statement is an example of negative self-talk?

A) "I wonder why my boss wants to see me. I guess I'll just have to wait and see."
B) "I'll have to start working on my next paper earlier, so I can do a better job."
C) "I won the speech contest, but none of the other speakers were very good."
D) "Too bad I missed that one problem, but overall I did pretty well on this test."

Question 22

What is eustress?

A) stress triggered by an unpleasant event
B) stress triggered by a pleasant event
C) stress triggered during dangerous situations
D) stress that causes a physical response different from that caused by distress

Question 23

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) theorizes that stress

A) is always unpleasant.
B) can be either eustress or distress.
C) follows a very unpredictable pattern.
D) is unrelated to disease.

Question 24

What is most likely to benefit individuals who suppress their feelings?

A) therapy to promote personality change
B) modeling a person whose anger is easily triggered
C) behavior modification through psychoanalysis
D) assertiveness training

Question 25

Which of the following is a recommended time-management strategy?

A) Focus on long-term goals.
B) Schedule tasks for peak efficiency.
C) Work on pleasant tasks first.
D) Work on one task at a time rather than consolidating tasks.

Question 26

Which event occurs during the relaxation response?

A) increased heart rate
B) decreased blood flow to the brain
C) increased blood flow to the muscles
D) slower breathing rate

Question 27

Which is a likely result of using compulsive exercise to deal with stress?

A) fatigue and diminished performance
B) decreased chance of depression and anxiety
C) strengthened immune system
D) lower HDL cholesterol

Question 28

What is a good nutritional strategy for coping with stress?

A) taking high-potency vitamins
B) limiting caffeine intake
C) taking amino acid supplements
D) eating chocolate

Question 29

How can stress increase the risk for cardiovascular disease?

A) It increases maximal oxygen consumption.
B) It increases blood pressure.
C) It increases HDL cholesterol.
D) It increases glucose tolerance.

Question 30

Tom is very anxious about an upcoming exam. He has no appetite, is easily distracted, and has a headache. What stage of GAS is Tom in?

A) the alarm stage
B) the acceleration stage
C) the resistance stage
D) the exhaustion stage

Question 31

Which relaxation technique directly addresses muscle tension?

A) progressive relaxation
B) visualization
C) meditation
D) controlled breathing

Question 32

With sustained stress, during what stage of the general adaptation syndrome does a new level of homeostasis occur?

A) the alarm stage
B) the exhaustion stage
C) the fight-or-flight stage
D) the resistance stage

Question 33

What strategy is recommended for improving your time-management skills?

A) Try doing things yourself rather than delegating.
B) Say no when necessary.
C) Cut back on sleep to make more time.
D) Use caffeine to increase your efficiency.

Question 34

Which stressor is most likely to result from poor time management?

A) under-commitment
B) hyperactivity
C) loneliness
D) procrastination

Question 35

Which is the normal progression for the general adaptation syndrome?

A) alarm, exhaustion, resistance
B) exhaustion, alarm, resistance
C) resistance, exhaustion, alarm
D) alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 36

Which statement applies to regular exercise and its ability to help manage stress?

A) Exercise reduces energy levels.
B) Exercise enhances one's sense of general well-being.
C) Exercise increases anxiety levels.
D) Exercise enhances tension.

Question 37

What term refers to the long-term wear and tear of the stress response?

A) eustress
B) distress
C) homeostasis
D) allostatic load

Question 38

What character trait is associated with social and academic success in groups that are at risk for stress?

A) resilience
B) competitiveness
C) contemplation
D) aggressiveness

Question 39

What relaxation technique asks the person to identify all the perceptible qualities of a relaxing environment?

A) progressive relaxation
B) visualization
C) meditation
D) controlled breathing

Question 40

Which of the following describes progressive relaxation?

A) a cognitive exercise that develops mindfulness
B) a form of intellectual development
C) an activity alternating muscle tension and relaxation
D) a specialized form of cardiorespiratory endurance training

Question 41

What are the two sleep phases called?

A) circadian and non-circadian
B) homeostatic and non-homeostatic
C) rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement
D) interruptive and non-interruptive

Question 42

Stress triggered by unpleasant stressors is called eustress.

Question 43

Which statement is true about depression and suicide?

A) About 90% of people who commit suicide are depressed.
B) Severe depression is linked to suicide.
C) Treatments for depression are not highly effective.
D) Talking about suicide is not a warning sign of suicide.

Question 44

People with a hardy personality respond very intensely to stressors.

Question 45

Stress triggered by pleasant stressors is called distress.

Question 46

Past experiences affect behavioral responses to a particular stressor.

Question 47

Chronic high blood pressure is a major cause of strokes.

Question 48

Getting good light exposure in the hours after waking performs what function?

A) It strengthens the circadian rhythm.
B) It boosts melatonin production.
C) It increases attentiveness.
D) It lengthens the NREM sleep phase.

Question 49

Endorphins are released during the fight-or-flight reaction to relieve pain in case of injury.

Question 50

A high allostatic load can be due to poor adaptation to common stressors.

Question 51

Behavioral responses to stress are controlled by the somatic nervous system.

Question 52

Strict adherence to gender roles can limit one's response to stress and become a source of stress itself.

Question 53

The fight-or-flight reaction occurs even if a physical response to a stressor is unnecessary.

Question 54

The alarm stage of GAS is controlled by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 55

Stress can result from either negative or positive situations.

Question 56

Which is a good strategy for overcoming insomnia?

A) Catch up on sleep by sleeping in on weekends.
B) Do not eat a meal or snack for at least two hours before bedtime.
C) Drink an alcoholic beverage at bedtime to help you relax.
D) Use your bed only for sleeping and not for eating, reading, or watching television.

Question 57

Caffeine interferes with the homeostatic sleep drive by

A) increasing melatonin levels.
B) blocking adenosine receptors.
C) interrupting REM sleep.
D) delaying the circadian rhythm.

Question 58

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system initiates the stress response.

Question 59

Which of the following is a characteristic of depression?

A) loss of pleasure in usual activities
B) autonomy
C) increased social interaction
D) loss of memory

Question 60

Untreated sleep apnea increases the risk of

A) memory loss.
B) cancer.
C) insomnia.
D) diabetes.

Question 61

Expecting perfection and expecting the worst are both examples of cognitive distortions associated with negative self-talk.

Question 62

Describe the stages of the general adaptation syndrome, and use an example of a specific stressor to describe what occurs during each stage.

Question 63

Those who exercise regularly have a milder physical stress response than non-exercisers.

Question 64

The relaxation response signals your readiness for action.

Question 65

Caffeine consumption is associated with lower levels of cortisol.

Question 66

Uncontrolled stress may lead to menstrual irregularities, impotence, and pregnancy complications.

Question 67

Getting enough sleep improves mental and emotional functioning.

Question 68

Spiritual wellness is associated with greater coping skills.

Question 69

Self-disclosure involves revealing personal information that we ordinarily would not reveal because of the risk involved.

Question 70

Describe strategies for dealing with anger. Use two specific situations-one in which you are the angry person and one in which you are dealing with someone else's anger-to illustrate the strategies you have chosen.

Question 71

Sleeping with fewer blankets in a cool room is beneficial for good sleep.

Question 72

Meditation practices can elicit the relaxation response.

Question 73

People who work in rewarding helping professions, such as teachers and social workers, are less prone to burnout than people in other types of professions.

Question 74

Select a common college stressor, and describe how it boosts stress levels. Then choose and explain three possible stress management techniques that you think would be particularly useful for coping with the stressor.

Question 75

Choose a stressor, and describe the typical physiological response to it (fight-or-flight reaction). Then describe three appropriate and three inappropriate behavioral responses to the stressor.

Question 76

Define the terms stressor, stress response, and stress. Give an example of a stressful situation, and explain how each term relates to the situation.

Question 77

JoAnn is a college student with a full schedule that includes four academic classes, a part-time job, and a starting position on the college volleyball team. JoAnn approaches a typical school day with a set plan to never be late and to outperform her peers. Discuss JoAnn's likely personality type, including factors that led you to your conclusion.

Question 78

Major life changes are more likely to cause stress-related illness in someone with a strong support network than in someone who is more of a loner.

Question 79

Insomnia and poor appetite are possible symptoms of depression.

Question 80

In today's world, stress is an everyday occurrence. List four categories of stressors, and explain why these cause stress. For each, give two concrete suggestions for coping.