Deck 15: Repeated-Measures Designs

Question 1

What does n refer to in a repeated-measures ANOVA?

A)The number of levels of the repeated-measures factor
B)The number of subjects
C)The total degrees of freedom
D)The number of observations

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A teacher asks a class of students to complete a new task each week according to her instructions.Each week you observe that the teacher's instructions get longer and more detailed.The internal validity is threatened by affecting the?

A)Regression
B)History
C)Instrumentation
D)Mortality

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The answer to Q17 may also affect the internal validity of the study.When?

A)When the different conditions of the independent variable are presented in the same order to all participants.
B)When the conditions are presented in a different order to each participant.
C)When participants can discuss responses with one another during testing.
D)When participants are observed but not surveyed for several days after an intervention.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In a mixed design study,all subjects participate in all levels of the within-subjects variable,and one level of the between-subjects variable.

Question 5

There are two types of repeated-measures study.They are?

A)Random and structured
B)Ascending and descending
C)Complete and incomplete
D)Type I and Type II

Question 6

Repeated-measures studies involve smaller participant sample numbers.Why?

A)Because larger numbers are more difficult to source.
B)Because each participant is measured numerous times,therefore it is more efficient to use smaller groups.
C)Because researchers are lazy.
D)None of the above.

Question 7

A repeated-measures design is one in which?

A)Multiple/repeated measurements are made on an experimental unit.
B)Single measurements are taken on a single unit.
C)No measurements are made at all.
D)Measurements are devoid of errors.

Question 8

Repeated-measures analysis includes an array of applications.In simple terms,it is?

A)A randomized chi-square test
B)Better for reducing error
C)A generalization of the paired t-test
D)Equal to working out the standard deviation

Question 9

A repeated-measures study can be used to study changes in one participant's behaviour over a prolonged period of time.

Question 10

Repeated-measures designs cannot be confounded by individual differences.Why not?

A)Because all human error is eliminated.
B)Because the same participants are used throughout each condition.
C)Because each participant is used once.
D)Because only similar participants are used.

Question 11

A repeated-measures ANOVA is the same as a dependent t-test,apart from?

A)There can only be one independent variable in a repeated-measures ANOVA.
B)There can only be two dependent variables in a repeated-measures ANOVA.
C)There can only be two levels of the independent variable in the dependent t-test.
D)The two are exactly the same.

Question 12

Repeated-measures analysis can?

A)Assess changes in data recorded at random instances in multiple participants
B)Assess changes in data over time in an outcome measured successively
C)Increase error rates
D)None of the above

Question 13

The repeated measurements can either be taken serially in time on the same unit,or at one point in time on several units.

Question 14

One pitfall associated with repeated-measures designs may be?

A)They are far less powerful than between-subjects studies.
B)More participants are needed than other types of study.
C)Carryover effects are often high.
D)Only one order of the independent variable levels can be used.

Question 15

Increased precision in the analysis can be achieved by?

A)Assuming measurements taken from the same participant correlate,so to test for a difference in treatments involves smaller error variance.
B)Increasing the risk of human error at data entry stage.
C)Testing every data set numerous times until the desired result is achieved.
D)Ignoring errors.

Question 16

A repeated-measures study will affect the sensitivity of the experiment.How?

A)Increase it.
B)Decrease it.
C)It won't affect it.
D)It will depend upon the conditions of the test.

Question 17

How do the two types of design differ?

A)In the maximization of participant numbers
B)In the type of variance recorded
C)In the exclusion of participant groups
D)In the control of practice effects

Question 18

How can carryover effects be evened out?

A)They can't.
B)Increase participant numbers.
C)Use a Latin square or counterbalancing.
D)Use chi-square.

Question 19

Participant responses/performance may change during a repeated-measures study because of the nature of repeated testing,and not because of the independent variable.These are?

A)Standard errors
B)Basic conditioning
C)Recency effects
D)Practice effects

Question 20

A repeated-measures design will be useful when?

A)There are many subjects to study.
B)The subjects are homogenous.
C)There is a great effect in the independent variable.
D)The participants vary greatly from one another.

Question 21

Differential transfer occurs when the effects of one condition persist and influence performance in ensuing conditions.

Question 22

What type of statistics are used to summarize performance across all participants for each condition of the independent variable?

A)Numerical
B)Discursive
C)Simple
D)Descriptive

Question 23

Practice effects are balanced within subjects in which type of study?

A)Incomplete repeated-measures study
B)Complete repeated-measures study
C)Both
D)Neither

Question 24

The procedures followed in repeated-measures designs for testing the null hypothesis are similar to which other type of study?

A)Structured interviews
B)Population studies
C)Observational situations
D)Random group designs

Question 25

Practice effects are balanced across subjects in the incomplete design.