Deck 11: Prisons and Jails

Question 1

Why does a supermax prison work toward strict control of an inmates' movement within the facility?

A)To allow for individual repentance with a religious leader
B)To care for the inmate at an individual level
C)To limit situations that could lead to breakdowns in discipline
D)To provide individual treatment opportunities

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which level of prisons is defined as "a correctional institution that houses less dangerous inmates and therefore uses less restrictive measures to avoid violence and escapes?"

A)Maximum-security prisons
B)Medium-security prisons
C)Minimum-security prisons
D)Supermax prisons

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Eventually,the penitentiary at Walnut Street succumbed to the same problems that continue to plague institutions of confinement.What were these problems?

A)Excessive costs and overcrowding
B)Excessive costs and intruding politics
C)Intruding politics and overcrowding
D)Overcrowding and violence

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Inmates who compile extensive misconduct records are usually housed,along with violent and repeat offenders,in ____.

A)Jail
B)Maximum-security
C)Medium-security
D)Minimum-security

Question 5

The ____ held that institutions should offer a variety of programs and therapies to cure inmates of their "ills," whatever their root causes.

A)Congregate system
B)Medical model
C)Separate confinement system
D)Supermax system

Question 6

Which level of prisons is relatively rare and extremely controversial due to its overly harsh methods of punishing and controlling the most dangerous prisoners?

A)Maximum-security
B)Medium-security
C)Minimum-security
D)Supermax

Question 7

This is an early form of correctional facility that emphasized separating inmates from society and from one another so that they would have an environment in which to reflect on their wrongdoing,and ponder their reformation.

A)Jail
B)Penitentiary
C)Prison
D)Supermax facility

Question 8

Which level of prisons is defined as a "correctional institution designed to allow inmates,most of whom pose low security risks,a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world?"

A)Maximum-security prisons
B)Medium-security prisons
C)Minimum-security prisons
D)Supermax prisons

Question 9

The ____ prison is defined as a correctional facility reserved for those inmates who have extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons; it is characterized by extremely strict control and supervision over the inmates,including extensive use of solitary confinement.

A)Maximum-security
B)Medium-security
C)Minimum-security
D)Supermax

Question 10

Incarceration rates have increased dramatically,particularly due to:

A)Terrorism
B)Harsher penalties for sex offenders
C)The war on drugs
D)The increasing number of juveniles tried and incarcerated as adults

Question 11

Which level of prisons is considered a correctional institution designed and organized to control and discipline dangerous felons,as well as prevent escape,with intense supervision,cement walls,and electronic,barbed wire fences?

A)Maximum-security prisons
B)Medium-security prisons
C)Minimum-security prisons
D)Supermax prisons

Question 12

Which prison design is composed of a "wagon-wheel"-like structure that was created with the dual goals of separation and control?

A)Campus style
B)Courtyard style
C)Radial design
D)Telephone-pole design

Question 13

At ____,good behavior was rewarded by early release,and misbehavior was punished with extended time under a three-grade system of classification.

A)The Auburn Prison
B)The Eastern Penitentiary
C)Elmira
D)The Western Penitentiary

Question 14

What type of prison design is characterized by having housing units scattered among functional units such as the dining room,recreation area,and treatment centers?

A)Campus style
B)Courtyard style
C)Radial design
D)Telephone-pole design

Question 15

If Pennsylvania's prisons were designed to transform wrongdoers into honest citizens,those in New York focused on:

A)Idleness
B)Obedience
C)Silence
D)Privacy

Question 16

In what state was the first penitentiary opened?

A)Chicago
B)Illinois
C)New York
D)Pennsylvania

Question 17

An essay by ____ provided critics of the medical model with statistical evidence that rehabilitation efforts did nothing to lower recidivism rates.

A)Progressives
B)Quakers
C)Robert Martinson
D)Warden organizations

Question 18

What is the main purpose of the Supermax prison?

A)To allow inmates to have access to the best trained correctional officers
B)To house high-profile inmates in a comfortable setting
C)To provide rehabilitation to the inmate
D)To strictly control the inmates' movements

Question 19

In the ____ prison,the buildings form a square around an open space,and to get from one facility to another,the inmates go across that space.

A)Campus style
B)Courtyard style
C)Radial design
D)Telephone-pole design

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited for the growth in incarcerated populations?

A)Federal prison growth
B)Increased probability of incarceration
C)Inmates serving more time for each crime
D)Private prisons

Question 21

Some of the more progressive politicians believe the incarceration of so many people has negative consequences.One of the arguments these politicians make is that these high rates of incarceration deny too many offenders the right to vote.If convicted felons are not able to vote than they will not be involved in the democratic process.This practice of removing the ability to vote is known as:

A)decarceration
B)disenfranchisement
C)incapacitation
D)institutionalization

Question 22

Arguments against private prisons include:

A)There is too much red tape involved in their management
B)The operators cut corners
C)Conditions are primitive and unsanitary
D)They are too expensive

Question 23

The management structures of both police agencies and correctional facilities are similar in that both have:

A)A chain of command
B)Continuity of purpose
C)A decentralized leadership structure
D)A military structure

Question 24

Which of the following is a correctional facility,usually operated by county government,used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors?

A)Jail
B)Maximum-security prison
C)Medium-security prison
D)Minimum-security prison

Question 25

Most jails are administered by:

A)Municipal police
B)County sheriffs
C)State government
D)Federal government

Question 26

Custodial employees in prisons,those who deal directly with inmates,

A)Make up more than three-quarters of a prison's staff
B)Make up more than half of a prison's staff
C)Make up approximately 40% of a prison's staff
D)Make up 100% of a prison's staff,because all employees are categorized as custodial

Question 27

The Walnut Street Jail failed because inmates succumbed to illness,insanity,and suicide.

Question 28

Some of the lawmakers are more concerned with the costs of jails than they are prisons.They make the argument that almost 13 million people are admitted to jails over the course of a year nationwide.Other lawmakers claim that jails are different than prisons and should not be their concern at this time.How are jails different than prisons?

A)Jails are operated by county and city governments.
B)Jails only house inmates that have been convicted of a crime.
C)Jails house inmates who have sentences than longer than one year.
D)Jails offer a wide variety of rehabilitation and educational programs.

Question 29

Which type of facility is responsible for receiving individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial?

A)Jail
B)Maximum-security prison
C)Medium-security prison
D)Minimum-security prison

Question 30

Disenfranchisement refers to:

A)Barring convicts from obtaining driver's licenses
B)Taking away a convict's ability to participate in mainstream society
C)Taking away the convict's right to vote
D)Violating the civil rights of inmates

Question 31

The incentive to privatize is primarily to:

A)Best rehabilitate inmates
B)Decrease the cost of incarceration
C)Increase public safety
D)Increase the salaries of correctional officers

Question 32

The lawmakers in favor of privatization make the argument that the federal government is utilizing private prisons and that the number of federal inmates in private prisons more than doubled between 2000 and 2010.The current emphasis on imprisoning violators of _______________ law seems likely to ensure that this trend will continue.

A)bankruptcy
B)rug
C)immigration
D)terrorism

Question 33

The "new penology" was put into practice at New York's Elmira Reformatory in 1876.

Question 34

High rates of incarceration likely lead to:

A)Higher rates of criminal offending
B)Greater democratic participation
C)Increased delinquent behavior among the children of the incarcerated
D)A decline in the unemployment rate

Question 35

Having a parent in prison puts a child at greater risk of:

A)Suffering financial hardship
B)Reduced supervision
C)Reduced discipline
D)All of these

Question 36

The typical jail term is approximately_____________________.

A)ten to thirty days
B)thirty to ninety days
C)180 days
D)one year

Question 37

Which of the following is not one of the roles performed by jails?

A)Hold individuals convicted of felonies
B)Receive individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial
C)Temporarily detaining juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities
D)Hold the mentally ill pending transfer to health facilities

Question 38

The main difference between police agencies and correctional facilities is that correctional facilities sometimes lack:

A)A chain of command
B)Bureaucracy
C)Continuity of purpose
D)A military structure

Question 39

Almost two-thirds of jails in this country house fewer than:

A)100 inmates
B)25 inmates
C)50 inmates
D)200 inmates

Question 40

The ____ is ultimately responsible for the operation of the prison.

A)Sheriff
B)Attorney General
C)Warden
D)Chief

Question 41

The warden is ultimately responsible for the operation of a prison.

Question 42

The Pennsylvania System used the ____,which was a nineteenth-century penitentiary in which inmates were kept apart from one another at all times,with daily activities taking place in individual cells.

Question 43

The high cost of imprisonment has caused policymakers to consider a number of different methods to reduce the number of people in prison.

Question 44

The _____________ system was used at Auburn,where inmates worked and ate together,with silence enforced by guards.

Question 45

Supermaximum-security prisons,also known as "supermax" prisons,are relatively rare and extremely controversial due to their harsh methods of punishing and controlling the most dangerous prisoners.

Question 46

Progressive theories had a huge impact on prisons as many prison administrators supported the Progressives and their followers.

Question 47

A prison is a facility,usually operated by county government,used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors.

Question 48

The number of women incarcerated in prisons has begun to slowly decline.

Question 49

Minorities are disproportionately impacted by disenfranchisement.

Question 50

Of the nearly 3,370 jails in the United States,more than 2,700 are operated on a county level by an elected sheriff.

Question 51

The main difference between police and prison organizations is that police departments have a chain of command that is sometimes lacking in prison organizations.

Question 52

Children of convicts are at a higher risk than their peers for antisocial behavior and mental health problems.

Question 53

The incentive to privatize is primarily financial.

Question 54

Prisons have a continuity of purpose that is lacking in police departments.

Question 55

Private prisons can often be run more cheaply and efficiently than public ones.

Question 56

Much of the growth in the number of Americans behind bars can be attributed to the enhancement and stricter enforcement of the nation's drug laws.

Question 57

A linear designed jail uses direct supervision where one or more jail officers are stationed in the living area of the pod and are in constant interaction with all prisoners in that pod.

Question 58

Jails are chronically overcrowded,and judges need to clear space for new offenders.

Question 59

The chance of someone in the United States who is arrested going to prison today is much greater than it was thirty years ago.

Question 60

Maximum-security prisons tend to be small,holding under 500 inmates.

Question 61

____________________ are authorized to hold pretrial detainees and offenders who have committed misdemeanors.

Question 62

Those who believe that private prisons are a philosophical concern believe that only the ___________________ has the authority to punish wrongdoers and operate prisons.

Question 63

A process of prison and jail administration in which correctional officers are in continuous physical contact with inmates during the day is __________________________________.

Question 64

Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania and the New York penitentiary theories.

Question 65

The prison official ultimately responsible for the correctional facility is the warden,also known as the ______________________.

Question 66

________________________ is the process through which prison officials determine which correctional facility is best suited to the individual offender.

Question 67

A _____________________________ -security prison allows inmates to have a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world.

Question 68

Time spent in jail prior to trial is often credited towards an offender's sentence as __________________.

Question 69

The main feature of the ____________________ design is a long central corridor that serves as a means for transporting inmates from one part of the facility to another.

Question 70

______________________________ are the wages of public employees that account for nearly two-thirds of a government-run prison's operating expenses.

Question 71

For most states looking to cut corrections costs,the focus has been on ________________________ which is the reduction of inmate populations.

Question 72

Supermax prisons operate in a state of perpetual __________________,in which all inmates are confined to their cells.

Question 73

A common strategy of decarceration is ____________________ the rate of release of nonviolent offenders from prison.

Question 74

When convicted felons lose their right to vote they have become ______________________.

Question 75

A _______________________________ jail encourages interaction between inmates and jailers and offers greater opportunities for treatment.

Question 76

_________________________ are those who deal with the inmates and make up more than half a prison's staff.

Question 77

A ______________________________ is a correctional facility reserved for the "worst of the worst" of America's corrections populations.

Question 78

The ____________________ was/were greatly responsible for the spread of indeterminate sentences,probation,community sanctions,and parole in the first half of the twentieth century.

Question 79

Individuals who cannot post bail after arrest and are therefore forced to spend the time prior to their trial incarcerated in jail are known as _______________________.

Question 80

Discuss the reformers/Progressives and their impact on corrections.