Deck 7: Courts and the Quest for Justice

Question 1

A ____ opinion is a separate opinion prepared by judges who support the decision of the majority of the court but who want to express their own particular reasoning.

A) Concurring
B) Dissenting
C) Duces tecum
D) Writ of certiorari

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The power of the law is known as:

A) Adjudication
B) The judge's prerogative
C) Jurisdiction
D) The statutes

Answer 2

C

Question 3

During the pretrial,the ____ takes on the role of the negotiator.

A) Defense attorney
B) Judge
C) Prosecutor
D) Public defender

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which courts handle misdemeanors and some civil matters?

A) Courts of general jurisdiction
B) Courts of limited jurisdiction
C) Courts of unlimited jurisdiction
D) Felony courts

Question 5

The United States has _____________ different judicial systems.

A) Two
B) Three
C) Fifty
D) Fifty-two

Question 6

The United States Supreme Court will not issue a writ of certiorari unless at least __________ justices approve of it.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 9

Question 7

Statements in which judges express the reasons for the court's decision in a case are:

A) Verdicts
B) Opinions
C) Rulings
D) Oral arguments

Question 8

The U.S.Supreme Court consists of ____ justices.

A) 7
B) 8
C) 9
D) 10

Question 9

Which of the following courts is primarily a "reviewer" of decisions?

A) Appellate courts
B) Jurisdictional courts
C) Original jurisdiction courts
D) Trial courts

Question 10

The ______________ function of the court is concerned with speed and efficiency.

A) Due process
B) Crime control
C) Rehabilitation
D) Bureaucratic

Question 11

A public civil officer or official with limited judicial authority within a particular geographic area,such as the authority to issue an arrest warrant,is:

A) A judge
B) A police officer
C) A magistrate
D) A public prosecutor

Question 12

The lowest tier of the federal court system is the:

A) County Court
B) U.S.Court of Appeal
C) Municipal Court
D) U.S.District Court

Question 13

Appellate courts:

A) Hear cases de novo
B) Determine the defendant's guilt or innocence
C) Determine questions of fact
D) Determine questions of law

Question 14

Drug courts,juvenile courts,domestic courts,and elder courts are all examples of:

A) Municipal Courts
B) Probate Courts
C) Specialty Courts
D) Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction

Question 15

The U.S.Supreme Court orders a lower court to send it the record of a case for review.This is done with a ____.

A) Subpoena
B) Writ of habeas corpus
C) Writ of duces tecum
D) Writ of certiorari

Question 16

The court's legitimacy is based on two factors: impartiality and ____.

A) Independence
B) The judge's prerogative
C) Jurisdiction
D) The statutes

Question 17

Appellate court judges make a decision on whether a case should be:

A) Retried or additional charges pressed
B) Reversed and remanded
C) Reviewed by a higher court
D) Reviewed by another lower court

Question 18

In the federal court system,there are ____ U.S.Courts of Appeal,also referred to as U.S.Circuit Courts of Appeal.

A) 10
B) 7
C) 16
D) 13

Question 19

The ____________ function of the court is concerned with protecting the rights of individual citizens against the power of the state.

A) Due process
B) Crime control
C) Rehabilitation
D) Bureaucratic

Question 20

Courts having original jurisdiction are courts of the first instance,or ____.

A) Appellate courts
B) Jurisdiction courts
C) State supreme courts
D) Trial courts

Question 21

The level of charge to be brought against a suspect is determined by the

A) Judge
B) Jury
C) Arresting officer
D) Prosecutor

Question 22

Of the courtroom work group,who relies on the police to arrest suspects and gather sufficient evidence,and police rely upon them to convict those who have been apprehended?

A) Defense attorney
B) Judge
C) Public defender
D) Prosecutor

Question 23

When the trial starts,the judge takes on the role of the:

A) Teacher
B) Referee
C) Negotiator
D) Administrator

Question 24

The United States does not have a single judicial system,but 52 different systems-one for each state,the District of Columbia,and the federal government.

Question 25

The Supreme Court unanimously held that "any person haled into court,who is too poor to hire a lawyer,cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him." This case was:

A) Furman v.Georgia
B) Gideon v.Wainwright
C) Strickland v.Washington
D) United States v.Zolin

Question 26

What is the title of the list of cases entered on a court's calendar and thus scheduled to be heard by the court?

A) Arraignment
B) Court calendar
C) Docket
D) Writ of certiorari

Question 27

The due process function emphasizes punishment and retribution.

Question 28

Trial courts are primarily concerned with questions of law.

Question 29

In the courtroom work group,who is responsible for maintaining the large amount of paperwork generated during a trial,including transcripts,photographs,evidence,and any other records?

A) Bailiff
B) Clerk of court
C) Court reporter
D) Prosecutor

Question 30

The ____ is the chief law officer of a state; also,the chief law officer of the nation.

A) Attorney general
B) Court justice
C) Judge
D) Public prosecutor

Question 31

In the courtroom work group,who is responsible for recording every word that is said during the course of trial?

A) Bailiff
B) Clerk of court
C) Court reporter
D) Prosecutor

Question 32

Attorney-client privilege does not apply when:

A) The client provides information on a crime that he or she plans to commit
B) The client admits to a past offense
C) The client admits to murder
D) The client admits to particularly heinous crimes including torture

Question 33

During the pretrial process,the ____ holds a great deal of discretion as to whether an individual who has been arrested by the police will be charged.

A) Defense attorney
B) Judge
C) Public defender
D) Public prosecutor

Question 34

About ___ percent of all criminal defendants in the United States are represented by public defenders or other appointed counsel.

A) 50
B) 75
C) 90
D) 95

Question 35

Which amendment provides for the right to counsel?

A) The Fourth Amendment
B) The Fifth Amendment
C) The Sixth Amendment
D) The Eighth Amendment

Question 36

Every state has at least one court of appeals (known as an appellate,or reviewing,court).

Question 37

The primary responsibility of the ____ is to represent the defendant at various stages of the custodial process,such as arrest,interrogation,lineup,and arraignment.

A) Court justice
B) Defense attorney
C) Judge
D) Public prosecutor

Question 38

An election where a political party such as the Republicans or Democrats openly support a candidate for a judgeship is known as a(n):

A) Nonpartisan election
B) Open election
C) Partisan election
D) Primary election

Question 39

An appellate court will rarely question a jury's decision; instead,the appellate judges will review the manner in which the facts and evidence were provided to the jury,and rule on whether errors were made in the process.

Question 40

In the courtroom work group,who is responsible for maintaining security and order in the judge's chambers and in the courtroom?

A) Bailiff
B) Clerk of court
C) Court reporter
D) Prosecutor

Question 41

In the federal court system,there are nine U.S.Courts of Appeal.

Question 42

Supreme Court Justices may write concurring opinions,outlining the reason why they feel the majority's decision erred.

Question 43

Written statements by the judges expressing the reasons for the court's decision in a case are commonly known as ____________________.

Question 44

If a defendant provides less than truthful information there is no attorney-client privilege.

Question 45

Prosecutors are generally considered the most dominant figures in the American criminal justice system.

Question 46

.There is no absolute right to appeal to the United States Supreme Court.

Question 47

The clerk of the court has an exhausting list of responsibilities,including recording every word that is said in the courtroom.

Question 48

The attorney general is the chief law enforcement officer in any state.

Question 49

The courtroom workgroup consists of the judge and jury.

Question 50

A client is protected by attorney-client privilege if the client reveals a past crime.

Question 51

The power to "speak the law" refers to ___________________________.

Question 52

As most cases are decided through plea bargains rather than through trial proceedings,the judge often offers his or her services as a negotiator to help the prosecution and the defense "make a deal."

Question 53

The _________________________ is the separate but interrelated court system of the United States,made up of the court on the national level and the courts on the state level.

Question 54

Generally speaking,there are two different types of defense attorneys: (1)private attorneys,who are hired by individuals,and (2)public defenders who work for the government.

Question 55

Prosecutors in every state and in the federal government are elected officials and must answer to the voters.

Question 56

____________________ is the process by which one jurisdiction surrenders a person accused or convicted of violating another jurisdiction's criminal law to the second jurisdiction.

Question 57

Every state has at least one federal district court.

Question 58

The crime control,due process,and rehabilitation functions of a court are secondary to its ____________________ function.

Question 59

Domestic courts and mental health courts are considered to be specialty courts.

Question 60

It is possible for a person to waive his or her Sixth Amendment right to an attorney and can act as his or her own defense attorney.

Question 61

In the role of _____________________the judge is responsible for seeing that the trial unfolds according to the dictates of the law and that the participants in the trial do not overstep any legal or ethical bounds.

Question 62

____________________ are public civil officers or officials with limited judicial authority within a particular geographic area.

Question 63

____________________ is the power of a court to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches and,if necessary,declare those actions unconstitutional.

Question 64

Explain the dual court system of the United States.

Question 65

Judges can grant _________________ to the attorneys,which is additional time to prepare for the trial.

Question 66

What is jurisdiction? Explain briefly the difference between geographic and subject matter jurisdiction.

Question 67

In ________________ elections a judicial candidate declares allegiance to a political party.

Question 68

The modern role of the public defender was established by the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Sixth Amendment in the case of __________________________________.

Question 69

The Supreme Court does not normally hear any evidence,instead they base their decision on the written record of the case and ___________________________ which are the arguments presented in person rather than on paper.

Question 70

____________________________have the power to bring the resources of the state against the individual,and they hold the legal keys to meting out or withholding justice.

Question 71

Explain the structure of a typical state court system

Question 72

The __________________is responsible for maintaining security and order in the judge's chambers and the courtroom.

Question 73

A rule that the United States Supreme Court will not issue a writ of certiorari unless at least four justices approve it is known as the _________________________.

Question 74

At the present time,there are ____________________ judicial districts.

Question 75

_______________________________ are separate opinions in which the judges disagree with the conclusion reached by the majority of the court and expand on their own views about the case.

Question 76

Many states have created __________________ which retain jurisdiction over very narrowly defined areas of criminal justice.

Question 77

Explain the difference between trial and appellate courts.

Question 78

Explain the different functions of the court.

Question 79

The federal court system consists of U.S.district courts,U.S.courts of appeals and the ______________________

Question 80

Each courtroom has a ________________,or calendar of cases.