Deck 5: Problems and Solutions in Modern Policing

Question 1

For more than a century the most important piece of trace evidence has been ____________.

A) DNA
B) The human fingerprint
C) Human hair
D) Blood evidence

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The establishment of a connection between a suspect and a crime,often through the use of DNA evidence,in the absence of an ongoing investigation is a(n):

A) Proactive solve
B) Clearance rate
C) Random hit
D) Cold hit

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of police patrol listed in the text?

A) Deterrence of crime
B) Maintenance of public order
C) Improvement of public attitudes towards the police
D) Provision of services that are not crime related

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Because of __________ police officers are limited in what they can do to convince the target of an undercover operation to participate in an illegal activity.

A)Duress
B)Entrapment
C)Necessity
D)Self-defense

Question 5

What is the ultimate goal of a bureaucratic organization,such as a police department?

A) Administration development
B) Efficiency
C) Low employee turnover
D) Work satisfaction for the employee

Question 6

Which crime is investigated most thoroughly and thus results in the highest clearance rates?

A)Burglary
B)Computer theft
C)Murder
D)Stolen vehicle

Question 7

Aggressive investigation strategies include:

A) Crackdowns
B) Undercover operations
C) Roadblocks
D) Increased patrol of hot spots

Question 8

The majority of a patrol officer's time is spent on:

A) Preventive patrol
B) Calls for service
C) Administrative duties
D) Officer-initiated activities

Question 9

A hierarchically structured administrative organization that carries out specific functions is a/an

A)Bureaucracy
B)Delegation
C)Chain of command
D)Strategy

Question 10

Who operated the National Combined DNA Index System?

A)ATF
B)DEA c FBI
D)ICE

Question 11

Which is not an example of trace evidence? A Ballistics
B)Blood
C)Fingerprints
D)Hair

Question 12

The most common way for someone to become a detective is to ___________________.

A) Attend graduate school in criminal justice
B) Attend specialized training in the field
C) Earn an undergraduate college degree
D) Be promoted from patrol officer

Question 13

Today,most undercover officers are used to infiltrate large scale __________ operations.

A)Burglary
B)Car theft
C)Narcotics
D)Serial killer

Question 14

The term "clearance rate" refers to:

A) The percentage of reported crimes
B) The percentage of crimes that result in arrest and prosecution
C) The percentage of crimes that result in a criminal conviction
D) The percentage of stolen goods that are returned to victims of crime

Question 15

A reactive approach to policing that emphasizes a speedy response to calls for service is:

A) Community policing
B) Directed policing
C) Problem-oriented policing
D) Incident-driven policing

Question 16

This is the smallest stretch that a police officer or group of police officers regularly patrol.

A)beats
B)district
C)stations
D)zone

Question 17

A database containing the DNA of more than 4.5 million people is:

A) CODIS
B) AFIS
C) IBIS
D) NCVS

Question 18

Paperwork takes up to ____ of a patrol officer's time.

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 19

After a crime has been committed and the patrol officer has gathered preliminary information from a crime scene,the responsibility of identifying the offender is delegated to the:

A) Detective
B) Internal affairs unit
C) Patrol officer
D) Police chief

Question 20

Ballistics is the study of __________.

A)DNA
B)Fingerprinting
C)Firearms
D)Response time

Question 21

When police officers accept free gifts from citizens (a passive form of corruption),this is called:

A) A shakedown
B) A payoff
C) Mooching
D) Bribery

Question 22

According to Sherman,in the first stage of moral decline of a police officer,the officer:

A) Accepts minor gratuities
B) May force another party to pay for unwanted police services
C) No longer passively accepts bribes
D) Takes in large amounts of money through involvement in drugs,gambling or prostitution organizations

Question 23

The vast majority of patrol shifts are completed without a single arrest.

Question 24

In large police departments as many as two-thirds of all employees are sworn officers.

Question 25

In which type of patrol do officers make the rounds of a specific area with the purpose of carrying out the various patrol functions?

A) Directed
B) Incident-driven
C) General
D) Scattered Indirect

Question 26

A broad term used to describe the basic assumptions and values that permeate law enforcement agencies and are taught to new members of a law enforcement agency as the proper way to think,perceive,and act is called:

A) Blue curtain
B) Police cynicism
C) Police subculture
D) Socialization

Question 27

The use of force by police officers occurs in about ____ percent of all police-public encounters.

A) 9
B) 4
C) 1
D) 6

Question 28

Time elapsed between the instant a call for service is received and the instant a police officer arrives on the scene,otherwise referred to as ____,has become a benchmark for police efficiency.

A) Differential response
B) Directed patrol
C) Incident-driven policing
D) Response time

Question 29

What type of technology is utilized by police departments to locate and identify hot spots?

A) Arrest rates
B) Crime mapping
C) Preventive patrol
D) Rapid response

Question 30

Which of the following is defined as "a metaphorical term used to refer to the value placed on secrecy and the general mistrust of the outside world shared by many police officers?"

A) Blue curtain
B) Loyalty
C) Police cynicism
D) Police subculture

Question 31

A ____ is when an officer actively demands payment from an individual or a business in return for certain services.

A) Gleaning
B) Mooching
C) Payoff
D) Shakedown

Question 32

A policing philosophy that moves beyond responding to incidents and attempts to solve the root causes of criminal behavior is ___________________________.

A) Problem-oriented policing
B) Community policing
C) Incident-driving policing
D) Proactive policing

Question 33

The Kansas City Experiment showed that decreasing preventive patrol:

A) Had little or no impact on crime
B) Decreased crime
C) Increased crime
D) Increased the number of reported offenses

Question 34

The ____ is a division within a police department that receives and investigates complaints of wrongdoing by police officers.

A) Administrative Department
B) Citizen Oversight Committee
C) Ethics Department
D) Internal Affairs Unit

Question 35

Officer-initiated activities account for the most amount of patrol time.

Question 36

An area that is concentrated with high criminal activity to which there is a directed police response is a:

A) Ghetto
B) Heavy spot
C) Hot spot
D) Slum

Question 37

In ____,the U.S.Supreme Court set the limits for the use of deadly force by law enforcement officers.

A) Miranda v.Arizona (1963)
B) Tennessee v.Garner (1985)
C) Graham v.Conner (1989)
D) Rovario v.United States (1957)

Question 38

In most police departments the police responsibilities are divided according to zones as well as by time.

Question 39

The first goal of policing is to provide services to the community that are not crime related.

Question 40

The "broken windows theory" is based on the theory that by cracking down on ____ crimes,police can significantly reduce all crime in an area.

A) Felony
B) Property
C) Quality-of-life
D) Violent

Question 41

Reactive arrests are associated with general patrol activities.

Question 42

A __________ is the smallest stretch that a police officer or group of police officers regularly patrol.

Question 43

Confidential informants are generally police officers who are working undercover to infiltrate criminal organizations.

Question 44

Directed patrol strategies are also known as preventive patrol.

Question 45

The most pressing shortcomings of America's 911 services are organizational.

Question 46

________________ are those officers authorized to make arrests and use force.

Question 47

Community oriented policing is a philosophy that requires police to identify potential criminal activity and develop strategies to prevent or respond to that activity.

Question 48

Police officers use physical force in about 25% of police-public encounters.

Question 49

A police officer who accepts free "gifts" such as cigarettes,liquor or services in return for favorable treatment of the gift giver is said be participating in mooching.

Question 50

Tennessee v.Garner (1985)outlawed the use of deadly force by police officers.

Question 51

Because there are more stolen vehicles than murder in most jurisdictions,law enforcement agencies use more resources and time to investigate stolen vehicles than murders.

Question 52

Police response time is a benchmark used for police efficiency.

Question 53

The study of firearms,including the firing of the weapon and the flight of the bullet is _______________.

Question 54

Duty is the obligation to act in a certain manner.

Question 55

The "broken windows theory" proposes that cracking down on violent crime will allow police to reclaim neighborhoods.

Question 56

________________ is a hierarchically structured administrative organization that carries out specific functions.

Question 57

Rookies begin the process of socialization from the first day on the job.

Question 58

DNA taken from a crime scene may soon be able to provide law enforcement with a physical description of a suspect.

Question 59

Police departments are only using DNA fingerprinting to solve murders and rapes.

Question 60

The application of science to establish facts and evidence during the investigation of crimes is ___________________.

Question 61

__________________ is force applied by a police officer that is likely or intended to cause death.

Question 62

Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.

Question 63

An officer suffering from _______________ will re-experience the traumatic event through nightmares and flashbacks.

Question 64

The aspects of police work and life that lead to feelings of stress are _______________.

Question 65

The four categories of ethical dilemmas involve discretion,duty,honesty,and _____________.

Question 66

Discuss two aggressive investigation strategies

Question 67

_______________ is when an officer accepts money in exchange for allowing a certain criminal activity to continue.

Question 68

Discuss the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.

Question 69

The obligation to act in a certain manner is __________.

Question 70

The ______________________ is a division within a police department that receives and investigates complaints of wrongdoing by police officers.

Question 71

Since the mid-1900s,a number of metropolitan areas have introduced ___________________call systems to reduce the strain on 911 operations.

Question 72

List and discuss the three primary purposes/goals of police patrol.

Question 73

How do differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls?

Question 74

__________ is the genetic material found in the cells of all living things.

Question 75

____________________ is a strategy for answering calls for service in which response time is adapted to the seriousness of the call.

Question 76

General patrols are _______________ because the officers spend a substantial amount of their shifts hoping to notice any crimes that may be occurring.

Question 77

_______________________________corruption is knowing misconduct by a police officer with the goal of attaining what the officer believes is a "just" result.

Question 78

Areas that contain a greater number of criminals and higher-than-average levels of victimization are often labeled _______________.

Question 79

Many communities rely on an external procedure for handling citizen complaints,which is known as ___________________________.

Question 80

The misuse of authority by a law enforcement officer is _______________.