Deck 1: Criminal Justice Today

Question 1

The United States has a ____ court system.

A) Dual
B) Primary
C) Single
D) Tertiary

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Counties and municipalities administer _________,while __________are the domain of federal and state governments.

A)police; corrections
B)jails; prisons
C)police; courts
D)probation; prisons

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which agency operates throughout the United States?

A)DEA
B)FBI
C)ATF
D)all of the these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is true regarding deviance?

A) Deviance is an objective concept that all members of society agree upon
B) Deviance is another term used to describe all criminal activity
C) Deviance is behavior that is considered to go against the norms established by society
D) Deviance is always considered criminal in nature

Question 5

Once the court system convicts and sentences an offender,she or he is delegated to the ____ system.

A) Corrections
B) Management
C) Supervision
D) Treatment

Question 6

Police powers allow states to enact laws necessary to protect the __________ of their citizens.

A)health
B)morals
C)safety
D)all of these

Question 7

Which of the following is not considered an express power?

A) The power to coin money
B) Police powers
C) The power to raise an army
D) The power to regulate interstate commerce

Question 8

Which officers often police a state's natural resources and often oversee its firearm laws?

A)Fish,game,and watercraft officers
B)Department of State Security
C)Highway patrol
D)Sheriffs

Question 9

What level of law enforcement divides duties between counties and municipalities?

A) Federal
B) Local
C) National
D) State

Question 10

The consensus model is a criminal justice model in which:

A) the content of criminal law is determined by the groups that hold economic,political,and social power in a community
B) a majority of citizens in society agree on what activities should be outlawed and punished as crimes
C) specific social groups determine which deviant behaviors are to be defined as criminal
D) the primary focus of law is to protect the individual from the power of government

Question 11

________ investigate most crimes and attempt to deter crime through patrol activities.

A) Local police
B) Highway patrol officers
C) State police agencies
D) Federal agencies

Question 12

Community supervision that occurs after release from jail or prison is called:

A) Management time
B) Parole
C) Probation
D) Supervision period

Question 13

An act that violates criminal law and is punishable by criminal sanctions is

A) A crime
B) A felony
C) A tort
D) Deviant

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the components in the integrated definition of crime?

A) Punishable under criminal law,as determined by the majority of a society or,in some cases,a powerful minority
B) Considered an offense against society as a whole and prosecuted by public officials,not by victims and their relatives or friends
C) Punishable by statutorily determined sanctions that bring about the loss of personal freedom or life
D) Considered an offense against an individual,but prosecuted by the state who is paid by the victim

Question 15

Those convicted of minor crimes with relatively short sentences,as well as those awaiting trial or transfer,are held in ____.

A) Jails
B) Parole agencies
C) Prisons
D) Probation offices

Question 16

The most common correctional treatment,which allows the offender to return to the community and remain under the supervision of the agent of the court,is:

A) House arrest
B) Intensive supervised probation
C) Parole
D) Probation

Question 17

____ house those convicted of more serious crimes with longer sentences.

A) Jails
B) Parole agencies
C) Prisons
D) Probation offices

Question 18

Federalism refers to:

A) A system of government dominated by an all-powerful federal government
B) A system of checks and balances within the executive,legislative,and judicial branches of government
C) A system of government in which states are independent and self-governing
D) A sharing of government powers by federal and state authorities

Question 19

A dual court system means that there are

A)local and state courts
B)trial and appellate courts
C)federal and state courts
D)misdemeanor and felony courts

Question 20

Wildlife wardens,alcohol and beverage control agents,and fire marshals are examples of law enforcement officers at the ____ level.

A) Municipal
B) County
C) State
D) Federal

Question 21

Which statement below is incorrect?

A)Ethics in criminal justice are closely related to the concept of justice.
B)Critical thinking is needed for an ethical response.
C)Intuition is enough for law enforcement to act.
D)Discretion in criminal justice can present a potential for abuse.

Question 22

Which of the following does not occur during the adjudication phase of the criminal justice process?

A)arrest
B)arraignment
C)criminal trial
D)verdict

Question 23

During which step in the criminal justice process would the offender plead guilty to a criminal charge?

A)Entry into the system
B)Prosecution and pretrial services
C)Adjudication
D)Sentencing and Sanctions

Question 24

Which of the following is a discretionary decision made by prosecutors?

A) The decision to release an inmate on parole
B) The decision to issue an arrest warrant
C) The decision to convict a defendant
D) The decision to reduce charges

Question 25

Collectively,the discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals are said to produce a/an ____________________.

A)Due process model
B)Crime control model
C)Formal criminal justice process
D)Informal criminal justice process

Question 26

Society is static and its concept of criminality remains the same.

Question 27

This model emphasizes the right of society to be protected from crime and violent criminals.

A)Crime Control Model
B)Due Process Model
C)Consensus Model
D)Conflict Model

Question 28

Which of the following is not an example of a community-based sentence?

A) Minimum security prisons
B) Residential centers
C) Halfway houses
D) Work-release centers

Question 29

What are the moral principles that govern a person's perception of right and wrong?

A)Discretion
B)Ethics
C)Justice
D)Laws

Question 30

Herbert Packer likened the idealized criminal justice system to a(n):

A) Sports team
B) Assembly line
C) Tangled bureaucracy
D) Obstacle course

Question 31

According to the Conflict model,different segments of society have different value systems and shared norms and are engaged in a constant struggle to control society.

Question 32

The informal criminal justice process relies upon the use of:

A) Discretion
B) Equal treatment
C) Policy-guided decision making
D) Statute-defined decision making

Question 33

This model emphasizes that the individual is to be protected from the power of the government.

A)Crime Control Model
B)Due Process Model
C)Consensus Model
D)Conflict Model

Question 34

What is the ability to make operational decisions based on personal judgment instead of formal rules?

A)Discretion
B)Ethics
C)Justice
D)Morals

Question 35

Which of the following is not a psychoactive drug?

A) Marijuana
B) Alcohol
C) Heroin
D) Cocaine

Question 36

The Consensus model assumes that as people gather together to form a society,its members naturally come to a basic agreement with regard to shared norms and values.

Question 37

Which of the following can occur in the prosecution and pretrial services step of the criminal justice process?

A)arrest
B)grand jury
C)criminal trial
D)sentencing

Question 38

Different societies can have vastly different ideas of what constitutes criminal behavior.

Question 39

The ability to choose between and among alternative courses of action is known as ____________.

A) Choice
B) Control
C) Discretion
D) Power

Question 40

Deviance is an objective concept; society agrees on which behaviors should be criminalized.

Question 41

The bulk of all police officers are employed at the federal level.

Question 42

The most frequent type of release from a jail or prison is probation,in which an inmate,after serving part of his term in a correctional facility,is allowed to serve the rest of his term in the community.

Question 43

The three main institutions of the criminal justice system are ________________,________________,and _________________.

Question 44

_________is behavior that is considered to go against the norms established by society.

Question 45

Fairness,not efficiency,is the ultimate goal of the due process model.

Question 46

Morals are principles of right and wrong behavior,as practiced by individuals or by society.

Question 47

A __________ is defined as wrong against society proclaimed by law and,if committed under certain circumstances,punishable by society.

Question 48

Under the concept of federalism,government powers are shared by the federal government and the states.

Question 49

In very personal crimes like rape and assault,victims and relatives are able to prosecute the offender instead of public officials.

Question 50

The scope and size of the federal government's participation in the criminal justice system has expanded over the past several decades.

Question 51

The chief law enforcement officer of most counties is the chief of police.

Question 52

In some instances criminal law can be determined by a powerful minority.

Question 53

All deviant acts are criminal and all crimes are deviant.

Question 54

Discretion is most associated with the informal criminal justice process.

Question 55

Probation is the most common correctional treatment.

Question 56

The United States has a dual court system; that is,we have two independent judicial systems,one on the federal level and one on the state level.

Question 57

The two most common models of how society decides which acts are criminal are the crime control and due process model.

Question 58

Criminal ??_____ reflects those acts that we,as a society,agree are so unacceptable that steps must be taken to prevent them from occurring.

Question 59

Justice is the quality of _______ that must exist in the processes designed to determine whether individuals are guilty of criminal wrongdoing.

Question 60

Justice is an easy concept to define.

Question 61

List and describe the essential elements of the corrections system.

Question 62

Discretionary decisions made my criminal justice professionals are said to produce an ____________________ that does not operated within the rigid confines of formal rules and laws.

Question 63

The two levels of the dual court system are the ________ and __________.

Question 64

Explain the difference between the informal and the formal criminal justice processes.

Question 65

__________hold those convicted of minor crimes with relatively short sentences.

Question 66

__________ is the most common correctional treatment.

Question 67

Describe the two most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal.

Question 68

Describe the four goals of the criminal justice system.

Question 69

Contrast the Crime Control and Due Process models of criminal justice.In your opinion,which of the two best represents the ideal American criminal justice system,and why?

Question 70

Civil liberties are the personal rights and protections guaranteed by the ____________________.

Question 71

The two types of state law enforcement agencies are __________ and ______________.

Question 72

__________ is the ability of individuals in the criminal justice system to make operational decisions based on personal judgment instead of formal rules or official information.

Question 73

__________ are the moral principles that govern a person's perception of right and wrong.

Question 74

A __________ is a set of interacting parts that,when functioning properly,achieve a desired result.

Question 75

The ____________________ model places primacy on the right of the individual to be protected from the power of the government.

Question 76

The framers of the U.S.Constitution,fearful of tyranny and a too-powerful central government chose the system of __________ as a compromise.

Question 77

The criminal court work group consists of the __________,__________,and ___________.

Question 78

The ____________________ combines the police powers of twenty-four federal agencies to protect the United States from terrorist attacks.

Question 79

Once the court system convicts and sentences an offender,he or she is delegated to the __________ systems.

Question 80

The chief law enforcement officer of most counties is the __________________.