Deck 18: The Global Environment

Question 1

The quantity of CO₂ emissions will most likely be controlled by

A)population; GDP per capita
B)energy use per person; CO₂ emissions per goods sold
C)energy efficiency; CO₂ produced per energy used
D)All of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following events or activities have contributed to the increase in global green house gasses?

A)deforestation
B)the industrial revolution
C)increased use of fossil fuels
D)all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Afforestation is an example of _________________.

A)an emission reduction method
B)augmenting the CO₂ absorption capacity of the ecosystem
C)a technology standard
D)a CO₂ capture and storage method

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Two incentive based programs that might be considered to control GHG are

A)emissions standards; technology based standards
B)cap and trade programs; emission taxes/charges
C)bag and tag programs; cap and trade programs
D)shifting away from meat consumption; CAFÉ standards

Question 5

When there are substantial differences among sources and technologies in terms of the costs of reducing greenhouse gasses (GHG), the use of __________ is more cost effective than the use of _____________.

A)incentives; fines
B)fines; incentives
C)incentive based policies; command and control policies
D)command and control policies; incentive based policies

Question 6

Global plans for emissions reductions require that we follow a strategy for assigning responsibility for emission reduction.If global policy assigns reductions according to total emissions, the largest reductions would have to come from __________.

A)India
B)China
C)France
D)the United States

Question 7

Using _______to control greenhouse gasses are likely to be more expensive than _____.

A)policy; informal agreements
B)technology or emissions based standards; incentive based strategies
C)fines; subsidies
D)decentralized; centralized

Question 8

There is some evidence that CO2 emissions have been contained within the United States and Europe.One of the main reasons for the decline is thought to be

A)the recession
B)new legislation
C)smaller automobiles
D)increased recycling

Question 9

CO2 is the most important of the greenhouse gasses that we have in our atmosphere.From 2000 to 2012, emissions of CO2 have been _______ in the U.S.and __________ globally.

A)increasing; increasing
B)increasing; decreasing
C)decreasing; increasing
D)decreasing; decreasing

Question 10

Global plans for emissions reductions require that we follow a strategy for assigning responsibility for emission reduction.If global policy assigns reductions according to energy efficiency, the largest reductions would come from __________.

A)India
B)China
C)France
D)the United States

Question 11

The rate of heating due to global warming is expected to be about ______ per decade.

A).05° C per decade
B).5° C per decade
C)5° C per decade
D)none of the above

Question 12

With no green house gases at all, the earth would be _______ for human life.

A)more comfortable
B)uninhabitable
C)10 degrees cooler
D)more sustainable

Question 13

One of the biggest impacts of global climate change will be in forestry and agriculture.The agricultural impacts will hit ____________ harder.

A)developed nations
B)the western hemisphere
C)developing nations
D)the southern hemisphere

Question 14

Once we recognize that there is a strong possibility that global climate change will occur, there are two fundamental paths to address the problem: _________ and/or __________.

A)regulation; elimination
B)mitigation; adaptation
C)market; legal
D)global; local

Question 15

As a specific approach to reducing the impact of green house gasses, mitigation refers to

A)taking steps to reduce emissions today to delay or reduce global temperature increases
B)new legislation that allows for lawsuits for those who do not comply with emission limits
C)adjustments by future generations to reduce the negative impacts of temperature increases
D)protecting specific key resources from temperature increases

Question 16

Higher levels of atmospheric CO₂ are expected to have a substantial impact on ecosystems, including individual plant and animal species, not just because of the magnitude of change but also because of ????????________________.

A)reason for the change
B)location of the change
C)predictability of the change
D)the rate of change

Question 17

The United States and other countries have a long history of using __________ to control emissions.This approach will increase the cost of controlling Greenhouse Gasses.

A)command and control policies
B)decentralized policies
C)incentive based strategies
D)market trading systems

Question 18

Cap and trade is a _____ based plan.A limit is placed on emissions and prices are established in emissions permit markets.Emission taxes are a _______ based policy.A fee on emissions is set and the quantity of emissions is adjusted as polluters react to the fee.

A)price; quantity
B)quantity; price
C)technology; behavior
D)behavior; technology

Question 19

As a specific approach to reducing the impact of green house gasses, adaptation refers to

A)taking steps to reduce emissions today to delay or reduce global temperature increases
B)new legislation that allows for lawsuits for those who do not comply with emission limits
C)adjustments by future generations to reduce the negative impacts of temperature increases
D)protecting specific key resources from temperature increases

Question 20

Global plans for emissions reductions require that we follow a strategy for assigning responsibility for emission reduction.If global policy assigns reductions according to emissions per capita, the largest reductions would come from __________.

A)India
B)China
C)France
D)the United States

Question 21

The Kyoto Protocol came into force in 2005 and was the first ___________ effort to address GHG reduction and control.

A)national
B)international
C)private
D)European

Question 22

Global plans for emissions reductions require that we follow a strategy for assigning responsibility for emission reduction.If global policy assigns reductions based on percentage of total world emissions, the largest reductions would come from __________.

A)India
B)China
C)France
D)the United States

Question 23

The Kyoto Protocol has been criticized for

A)setting quantitative limits on GHG without specific regard to future increases in global temperatures
B)focusing on short term goals without consideration of long-term needs
C)insufficient attention to implementation and enforcement
D)all of the above

Question 24

Effective maintenance of biodiversity requires the maintenance of

A)habitats
B)sanctuaries
C)reserve parks
D)all of the above

Question 25

In order to preserve biodiversity, the United States has passed the Endangered Species Act.Although this act has had some success in preserving individual endangered species, it is relatively ineffective at preserving _________, because this requires preservation of a relationship among a large number of species.

A)plant species
B)diversity
C)threatened animals
D)genetics

Question 26

Calculations of the social cost of carbon can be used to

A)set carbon taxes to achieve a socially efficient level of pollution
B)assist with regulatory impact analysis
C)guide regulatory decisions by the EPA
D)all of the above

Question 27

One policy solution to maintaining species and biodiversity is to

A)establish a more complete system of property rights over genetic resources
B)establish a trap and trade program similar to cap and trade programs
C)increase and expand the Endangered Species Act
D)increase the lands in the US that are held in the public domain