Deck 31: Caries Management: Fluoride, chlorhexidine, xylitol, and Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Therapies

Question 1

CASE STUDY
Rebecca,a 23-year-old Caucasian woman,has developed six carious lesions since her last dental examination 5 years ago.She has numerous existing restorations and several crowns.She reports that she snacks throughout the day.Rebecca does not floss.She brushes her teeth twice daily but is often in a hurry while doing so.
Which of the following is true about Rebecca and should be followed in her plan of care?

A) High-risk client;6-month continued-care appointment;x-ray films every year
B) Low-risk client;3-month continued-care appointment;x-ray films every 6 months
C) Low-risk client;3-month continued-care appointment;x-ray films every year
D) High-risk client;3-month continued-care appointment;x-ray films every 6 months

Answer 1

High-risk client;3-month continued-care appointment;x-ray films every 6 months

Question 2

All of the following statements are true regarding professionally applied sodium fluoride (NaF)except which one?

A) NaF therapy should be applied in accordance with the level of caries risks.
B) Professionally applied NaF gel or foam has a 2% fluoride concentration.
C) NaF will not damage porcelain crowns or composite restorations.
D) NaF is the most common professionally applied fluoride agent.

Answer 2

NaF is the most common professionally applied fluoride agent.

Question 3

Frequent use of low-potency fluorides is important for enamel remineralization;2% sodium fluoride gel or foam is an example of a low-potency,high-frequency fluoride.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true,but the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false,but the second statement is true.

Answer 3

The first statement is true,but the second statement is false.

Question 4

CASE STUDY
Rebecca,a 23-year-old Caucasian woman,has developed six carious lesions since her last dental examination 5 years ago.She has numerous existing restorations and several crowns.She reports that she snacks throughout the day.Rebecca does not floss.She brushes her teeth twice daily but is often in a hurry while doing so.
Which of the following is not an example of systemic (ingested)fluoride?

A) Community water fluoride
B) School water-supply fluoride
C) Professionally applied fluoride treatment
D) Ingestion of food and beverages containing fluoride

Question 5

CASE STUDY
Rebecca,a 23-year-old Caucasian woman,has developed six carious lesions since her last dental examination 5 years ago.She has numerous existing restorations and several crowns.She reports that she snacks throughout the day.Rebecca does not floss.She brushes her teeth twice daily but is often in a hurry while doing so.
Which of the following would be the most appropriate self-applied fluoride therapy for Rebecca?

A) 2% sodium fluoride
B) 1.1% sodium fluoride
C) 0.2% sodium fluoride
D) 8.0% stannous fluoride

Question 6

Research evidence suggests that 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate has the ability to attack which of the following bacteria associated with the dental caries process?

A) Prevotella intermedia
B) Streptococcus mutans
C) Porphyromonas gingivalis
D) Lactobacillus miniatus

Question 7

What is the concentration of chlorhexidine gluconate approved for usage in the United States?

A) 0.5%
B) 0.3%
C) 0.12%
D) 1.15%

Question 8

A 45-year-old woman is assessed to be at high risk for pit-and-fissure caries.Which one of the following interventions would best prevent future caries in her caries-free pits and fissures?

A) Education on daily oral self-care
B) Fluoride therapy (both professionally applied and self-applied)
C) Dental sealants
D) Dietary counseling for caries control

Question 9

CASE STUDY
Rebecca,a 23-year-old Caucasian woman,has developed six carious lesions since her last dental examination 5 years ago.She has numerous existing restorations and several crowns.She reports that she snacks throughout the day.Rebecca does not floss.She brushes her teeth twice daily but is often in a hurry while doing so.
Which of the following is an acceptable level of fluoride found in a community water supply?

A) 1 ppm
B) 2 ppm
C) 3 ppm
D) 4 ppm

Question 10

Which one of the following is not associated with other risk factors in the initiation of dental caries?

A) Immune response
B) Host
C) Diet
D) Oral biofilm

Question 11

John,a 10-year-old boy,has been a client in the dental practice for 3 years.Every 6 months at each continued-care visit,he has a new carious lesion.How often should x-ray films (bitewings)be taken for this client?

A) Every 6 months
B) Once per year
C) Every 2 years
D) When requested by the parent or guardian

Question 12

All of the following are indications for use of topical fluoride therapy except which one?

A) In athletic mouth guards for persons who play contact sports
B) In persons with a high caries risk
C) In persons with root surface exposure
D) In persons with xerostomia

Question 13

Use of a fluoride dentifrice is an important part of a preventive care plan for which of the following reasons?

A) Fluoride controls extrinsic stains.
B) Fluoride remineralizes tooth surfaces that have been demineralized.
C) Fluoride dentifrices control gingivitis.
D) Fluoride interferes with the calcium-phosphate bond in the calcium matrix.

Question 14

At what age should a child receive the first dental examination?

A) Before age 1 year
B) Between ages 1 and 2 years
C) After all primary teeth have erupted
D) After age 5 years,to ensure some degree of cooperation

Question 15

What is the most important reason for using a dentifrice that contains low-potency fluoride?

A) Good taste
B) Low abrasive
C) Foaming action for better cleaning
D) Remineralization of tooth surface

Question 16

What is the first stage of the dental caries process?

A) Acquired pellicle formation
B) Demineralization
C) Remineralization
D) Dental plaque biofilm

Question 17

All of the following phrases applies to acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF)except which one?

A) An acidic preparation of stannous fluoride
B) Not recommended for children under age 10
C) Most effective if applied every 6 months
D) Common active therapeutic agent in over-the-counter and prescription fluoride mouth rinses,gels,and foams

Question 18

Prevention and control of smooth surface dental caries is most effectively managed by:

A) Dental sealants
B) Fluoride therapy
C) Early radiographic detection of caries
D) Dental hygiene continued-care appointments (maintenance care)

Question 19

All of the following are initial signs of acute fluoride toxicity except which one?

A) Nausea
B) Gastrointestinal pain
C) Vomiting
D) Headache

Question 20

Before any professionally applied gel or foam fluoride treatment,the dental hygienist must ensure that which of the following is done?

A) All oral biofilm is removed to facilitate greater fluoride uptake by the tooth surface.
B) The client is placed in a semisupine position to increase operator visibility.
C) The teeth are dried with compressed air or gauze to prevent dilution of the fluoride.
D) A lubricant is applied over composite restorations to prevent their dissolution.

Question 21

What is the therapeutic dosage for xylitol to be effective?

A) 1 g,at least four times throughout a day
B) 1.55 g,at least five times throughout a day
C) 2 g,at least five times throughout a day
D) A therapeutic dose has not been established.

Question 22

Which one of the following professionally administered fluoride delivery vehicles has had the least amount of research to support its efficacy over the other delivery supplement?

A) Fluoride foams (APF and NaF)
B) Fluoride gels (APF)
C) Fluoride varnish (NaF)
D) Fluoride solutions (SnF)

Question 23

All of the following can contribute to the loss of tooth structure except which one?

A) Frequent drinking of acidic beverages such as carbonated sodas or energy drinks
B) Aggressive toothbrushing
C) Dentinal hypersensitivity
D) Bulimia nervosa

Question 24

All of the following chemotherapeutic agents are used for remineralization of tooth structure except which one?

A) 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate
B) NovaMin
C) Amorphous calcium phosphate
D) Amorphous calcium phosphate-casein
E) 5% sodium fluoride varnish

Question 25

All of the following are outcomes from xylitol use except which one?

A) Remineralize tooth structure by stimulating more saliva
B) Interferes with the metabolism of Streptococcus mutans
C) Decreases plaque biofilm formation
D) Decreases periodontal disease
E) Promotes secretion of saliva

Question 26

When a xylitol-containing product is recommended to a client,the product should contain therapeutic doses of _____ as the sweetening agent to be most effective.

A) Xylitol and mannitol
B) Xylitol and sorbitol
C) Xylitol only
D) All are effective

Question 27

Xylitol ingestion in the 5- to 10-g/day range is safe for use by pregnant women.Xylitol is not safe for use by persons with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A) The first statement is true,but the second statement is false
B) The first statement is false,but the second statement is true
C) Both statements are false
D) Both statements are true.