Deck 25: Ultrasonic and Sonic Instrumentation

Question 1

Which of the following are disadvantages of mechanized instrumentation when compared with hand-activated instrumentation?

A) Increased efficiency,no need to sharpen,reduced lateral pressure
B) Less tissue distention,lavage,acoustic microstreaming
C) Water,increased efficiency,and increased lateral pressure
D) More precautions and limitations,aerosol production,possible temporary hearing shifts

Answer 1

More precautions and limitations,aerosol production,possible temporary hearing shifts

Question 2

In which of the following ways could an ultrasonic tip cause an undesirable surface alteration?

A) Power setting is too low.
B) Water spray is too great.
C) Point is adapted to the tooth.
D) Light pressure is used on the tooth.

Answer 2

Point is adapted to the tooth.

Question 3

All of the following are contraindications for use of mechanized instrumentation except which one?

A) Cardiovascular disease with secondary pulmonary disease
B) Communicable diseases
C) Multiple dystrophy with dysphagia
D) Chronic pulmonary disease

Answer 3

Communicable diseases

Question 4

What is the action created by the formation and collapse of bubbles in water by high-frequency sound waves surrounding an ultrasonic insert tip?

A) Clinical power
B) Mechanical action
C) Cavitation
D) Acoustic microstreaming

Question 5

Which of the following descriptions provides a visual cue to the clinician to correct the tuning of a standard ultrasonic insert?

A) A narrow steady stream of water
B) Very fine droplets of water covering a large area
C) Large drops of water covering a large area
D) Fine droplets of water and a narrow stream of water covering a large area

Question 6

All of the following influence the energy emitted from the working end of an ultrasonic insert except which one?

A) Pressure
B) Time of exposure
C) Angle of application
D) Amount of water

Question 7

Sensitivity experienced by a client during mechanized instrumentation is most likely due to which of the following?

A) Fulcrum placement
B) Incorrect adaptation
C) "Vibrato" or fast activation
D) Inappropriate stroke direction

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the water spray that is recommended when precision thin inserts are used for nonsurgical periodontal therapy?

A) A narrow steady stream of water
B) Large droplets of water over a large area
C) Very fine droplets of water in a fine mist or spray
D) Fine droplets of water and a narrow stream of water covering a large area

Question 9

When a precision thin insert is used for ultrasonic scaling,what tuning is recommended?

A) Out of phase
B) In phase
C) Neither of the above
D) Both out of phase and in phase tuning are routinely used

Question 10

Mechanized instrumentation has all of the following modes of action except which one?

A) Cavitation
B) Transduction
C) Mechanical action
D) Acoustic microstreaming

Question 11

Sonic instruments differ from ultrasonic instruments in which of the following?

A) Frequency of the mechanized instrumentation
B) Motion of the tip
C) Activated surfaces of the working end
D) Purpose of the water

Question 12

When magnetostrictive ultrasonic instrumentation is used,the function of the water that circulates through the handpiece and exits as a spray at the working end is which of the following?

A) To lubricate the moving parts of the handpiece
B) To cool the transducer and the tip
C) To stop bleeding
D) To destroy or disrupt bacteria

Question 13

Which of the following is the main difference between a manually tuned and an autotuned ultrasonic instrument or unit?

A) The manually tuned instrument has less "clinical power" than the autotuned instrument.
B) The autotuned unit has a preset frequency,and the manually tuned unit does not.
C) The manually tuned unit does not require water as a coolant,but the autotuned unit does.
D) Amplitude is greater with the autotuned unit than with the manually tuned unit.

Question 14

One of the major differences between the piezoelectric ultrasonic instrument and the magnetostrictive ultrasonic instrument is which of the following?

A) The purpose of the water that is emitted at the tip
B) The activated surfaces of the working end
C) The frequency used
D) The type of stroke employed when activating

Question 15

What actually causes the tip of an ultrasonic insert to vibrate?

A) The voltage in the generator
B) The transducer contracting and expanding
C) The cavitation
D) Acoustic microstreaming

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the correct adaptation of an ultrasonic insert tip to the tooth surface?

A) The working end is angulated at more than 45 degrees and less than 60 degrees.
B) The working end should be angulated at 15 degrees or almost parallel to the long axis of the tooth.
C) The working end is angulated at 60 degrees to 80 degrees to the tooth surface.
D) The tip of the working end is angulated at zero degrees to the tooth surface.

Question 17

Which of the following describes the power (amplitude)of ultrasonic energy?

A) It is the length of the stroke.
B) It adjusts the volume of water.
C) It is how fast the stroke moves.
D) It is the speed of movement across the tooth.

Question 18

What parts of the working end surfaces of a magnetostrictive ultrasonic insert are adapted to the root of the tooth for debridement?

A) Back and point
B) Point and lateral surfaces
C) Back and lateral surfaces
D) Concave surface and back

Question 19

Precision thin inserts are designed and indicated for which of the following?

A) Heavy calculus removal
B) Light periodontal root debridement
C) Removal of extrinsic tooth stain only
D) Removal of orthodontic cement

Question 20

Which one of the following is an indication for using a standard ultrasonic insert?

A) Generalized tobacco stain or localized light subgingival moderate calculus in a child
B) Moderate to heavy supragingival calculus in a young adult,accompanied by tobacco stain
C) Fine subgingival deposit in deep periodontal pockets and intrinsic tooth stain
D) Light generalized tobacco stain and fine subgingival scaling generalized in the mouth of a senior citizen

Question 21

A combination of manual and mechanized instrumentation is recommended to obtain optimal results from periodontal debridement.Advantages of mechanized instrumentation over hand-activated instrumentation include increased efficiency,water for lavage,and less pressure at times.

A) Both sentences are true.
B) Both sentences are false.
C) The first sentence is true,but the second sentence is false.
D) The first sentence is false,but the second sentence is true.

Question 22

All of the following are verified health-related issues or outcomes associated with mechanized instrumentation except which one?

A) Interproximal areas,furcations,the cementoenamel junction,and multirooted teeth will most likely exhibit residual calculus regardless of instrument method.
B) Bleeding on probing and probing depths are both reduced to equivalent levels when sonic and ultrasonic methods are compared with each other and with manual scaling.
C) The best results from nonsurgical periodontal therapy occur with the use of mechanized instrumentation versus manual instrumentation or a combination of both.
D) Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate clinical parameters such as clinical attachment levels after mechanized instrumentation.

Question 23

Which of the following necessitate precautions when mechanized instrumentation is used?

A) Unshielded pacemakers,demineralized tooth surfaces,and children
B) Tobacco stain,orthodontic cement,and pericoronitis
C) Necrotizing periodontal diseases,communicable diseases,and immunosuppression
D) Periodontal debridement,dysphagia,and intrinsic tooth stain

Question 24

All of the following are true about activation of mechanized instruments except which one?

A) The insert is in motion at all times.
B) Overlapping and multidirectional strokes are used.
C) Excessive lateral pressure is used.
D) Immediate outcome from instrumentation is evaluated using the dental light,air,and a periodontal explorer.

Question 25

Hand-activated and mechanized instrumentation are equally effective in removing subgingival oral biofilm and dental calculus.The effort to remove endotoxin is also equal with hand-activated and mechanized instrumentation.

A) Both sentences are true.
B) Both sentences are false.
C) The first sentence is true,but the second sentence is false.
D) The first sentence is false,but the second sentence is true.