Deck 16: Personality Disorders

Question 1

The persistent and consistent personality characteristics that lead us to react in fairly predictable ways are often called personality _____.

Answer 1

traits

Question 2

Social anxiety disorder may be related to _____ personality disorder.

Answer 2

avoidant

Question 3

Lev has a lifelong history of misconduct, including vandalism, fighting, and a disregard for other people's rights. He fits the description of someone with _____ personality disorder.

Answer 3

antisocial

Question 4

What are some problems with using the DSM-5 to diagnose personality disorders? Explain two alternatives to DSM-5 diagnoses that are receiving research attention today.

Question 5

Suspicion is a major symptom of _____ personality disorders.

Question 6

People with _____ personality disorder distrust the motives of others.

Question 7

One of the most common and certainly most troubling of the personality disorders is antisocial personality disorder. Define antisocial personality disorder. Then outline other behavior patterns with which this disorder is associated. Finally, suggest a course of treatment for someone suffering from this disorder.

Question 8

Compare and contrast the "odd" and the "dramatic" personality disorders, specifically noting how these disorders impact personal relationships.

Question 9

The drugs MOST likely to be used to treat schizotypal personality disorder are _____.

Question 10

How does a person with narcissistic personality disorder differ from a young person who thinks highly of themselves and posts selfies online?

Question 11

Individuals who are detached and reclusive, with no interest in developing relationships, may experience _____ personality disorder.

Question 12

Describe the three clusters of personality disorders. What are the key differences among the three?

Question 13

Distinguish between the components of personality and the components of personality disorder.

Question 14

Impulsive behaviors and swinging in and out of depressed, anxious, and irritable states are characteristic of _____ personality disorder.

Question 15

A person who was overly indulged by his or her parents, received excessive, unconditional parental valuation, and was not required to follow rules or develop self-control is at risk for developing _____ personality disorder.

Question 16

If two disorders tend to occur together, we call the relationship _____.

Question 17

Compare the perspectives of a psychodynamic psychologist with those of a cognitive-behavioral psychologist. How would each explain the causes of histrionic and narcissistic personality disorder?

Question 18

Anton is diagnosed with an odd personality disorder. Reducing his distressing symptoms and improving his relationships would improve the quality of his life. Describe barriers to Anton's receiving helpful psychotherapy.

Question 19

How might multicultural factors influence the development of borderline personality disorder?

Question 20

Outline the similarities and differences between antisocial and borderline personality disorder. In addition, discuss treatment options for both. Finally, discuss the reasons why these disorders are resistant to psychotherapy.

Question 21

The consistencies of one's characteristics are called:

A) inherited characteristics.
B) learned responses.
C) personality traits.
D) personality typologies.

Question 22

The categorical approach to personality disorders assumes that:

A) problematic personality traits are either present or absent.
B) personality disorders are best understood on a continuum based on severity of symptoms.
C) individuals can turn their symptoms off and on like a light switch.
D) children as well as adults should be diagnosed with personality disorders.

Question 23

A person who cannot make even the smallest decision without consulting others, and who is constantly in need of praise, may be experiencing _____ personality disorder.

Question 24

Personality disorders are separated into how many clusters?

A) two
B) three
C) five
D) ten

Question 25

The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that:

A) disorders of thought, perception, and attention are present.
B) the personality traits are limited to discrete periods of illness.
C) they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress.
D) they are social in that they involve an inability to form lasting relationships with other people.

Question 26

Which is NOT a criticism of DSM-5 diagnoses of personality disorders?

A) the reliability of the diagnosis
B) the validity of the diagnosis
C) distinguishing one personality disorder from another personality disorder
D) incorporating new research into the new edition

Question 27

An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that impairs the sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy, and/or capacity for intimacy is termed:

A) personality.
B) personality traits.
C) personality characteristics.
D) personality disorder.

Question 28

Many clinicians favor moving from a categorical to a(n) _____ approach for diagnosis; this could be a possible change in the next edition of DSM.

Question 29

Neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are all traits measured on the _____ approach.

Question 30

What is a phrenologist?

A) a person who assessed personality by feeling for bumps and indentations on the head
B) a researcher who argued that personality disorders should not be categorized
C) a therapist who treated personality disorders using didactic behavioral therapy
D) a modern day psychoanalytical therapist

Question 31

The _____ approach to personality disorders assumes that personality disorders should be classified by the severity of personality traits rather than by the presence or absence of specific traits.

A) dimensional
B) categorical
C) symptomatic
D) cluster

Question 32

According to the psychodynamic view, obsessive-compulsive personality is related to fixation during the _____ stage.

Question 33

The characteristic of perfectionism and a striving for control are associated with _____ personality disorder.

Question 34

How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people?

A) They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors.
B) They include personality traits not experienced by typical people.
C) They are generally treated successfully with antipsychotic medication.
D) They are caused by epigenetic processes.

Question 35

DSM-5, like its predecessor, DSM-IV-TR, identifies 10 personality disorders utilizing a:

A) systematical approach.
B) categorical approach.
C) dimensional approach.
D) phrenological approach.

Question 36

The set of uniquely expressed characteristics that influence behaviors, emotions, thoughts, and interactions that is unique to each individual is termed:

A) a trait.
B) character.
C) personality.
D) individuality.

Question 37

Which is NOT the name used for a cluster of personality disorders?

A) odd
B) dramatic
C) anxious
D) chizophrenic

Question 38

Based on a structured interview, Diagnostician A classifies an individual's personality disorder in the odd cluster. Based on another structured interview of the same type, Diagnostician B classifies an individual's personality disorder in the dramatic cluster. If what is described here is typical of what happens when that variety of structured interview is used, one would say the structured interview has:

A) surface validity.
B) construct validity.
C) low reliability.
D) high reliability.

Question 39

Comorbidity describes a situation in which:

A) one disorder develops into another.
B) one disorder automatically implies the other.
C) two disorders occur together in an individual.
D) the appearance of one disorder implies the disappearance of the one that preceded it.

Question 40

One reason that the personality disorders are difficult to treat is that the afflicted individuals:

A) enjoy their symptoms and do not seek change.
B) are frequently unaware that they have a problem.
C) experience no distress and do not want treatment.
D) have accompanying mood disorders that must be treated first.

Question 41

The theorist who describes schizoid personality disorder as developing from coping with parental rejection by avoiding relationships represents the:

A) cognitive-behavioral perspective.
B) humanistic perspective.
C) existential perspective.
D) psychodynamic perspective.

Question 42

The category of odd personality disorders includes the traits of:

A) anxiousness and fearfulness.
B) being overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic.
C) inflexibility and total loss of contact with reality.
D) extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities.

Question 43

According to current research, who do people distrust most?

A) bankers
B) teachers
C) doctors
D) congressional members

Question 44

An individual diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder reports having a great deal of difficulty figuring out how others feel and as a child had difficulty developing adequate language skills. These findings would make the MOST sense to a theorist with which background?

A) psychodynamic
B) sociocultural
C) cognitive-behavioral
D) biological

Question 45

DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can be on or off. In other words, one either does or does not qualify for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or presence, is more important and similar to a:

A) flashlight, running on batteries.
B) dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on.
C) candle, which may be blown out at any time.
D) capacitor, which builds up a charge slowly then discharges it all at once.

Question 46

The schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality disorder in that:

A) those with schizoid personality disorder seek close affiliations with others, while those with paranoid personality do not.
B) paranoid personality disorder is treatable only through drug therapy; schizoid personality can be treated with psychotherapy.
C) women are more likely to have schizoid personality disorder than paranoid personality disorder; the opposite is true for men.
D) those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.

Question 47

"It is clear that very demanding parents caused this person to develop paranoid personality disorder." This statement MOST likely would be made by someone from which theoretical perspective?

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) humanistic
C) sociocultural
D) psychodynamic

Question 48

The parents of those with schizoid personality disorder are MOST likely to have been:

A) responsive.
B) firm.
C) unaccepting.
D) available.

Question 49

An individual with a diagnosis of an odd personality disorder is MOST likely to have a parent or sibling who has:

A) bipolar disorder.
B) schizophrenia.
C) one of the paraphilias.
D) alcoholism.

Question 50

One similarity of those experiencing paranoid personality disorder and those experiencing schizoid personality disorder is that they both tend to:

A) lack close ties to others.
B) distrust others.
C) be described by others as arrogant and angry.
D) score poorly on typical intelligence tests.

Question 51

Which statement regarding the treatment of paranoid personality disorder is accurate?

A) Drug therapy generally works best.
B) Psychodynamic therapy involving hypnotic regression is often effective.
C) Cognitive-behavioral therapy usually works well, and in relatively few sessions.
D) Most therapies are of limited effectiveness and progress slowly.

Question 52

Axl has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Axl may be exhibiting:

A) schizoid personality disorder.
B) paranoid personality disorder.
C) histrionic personality disorder.
D) narcissistic personality disorder.

Question 53

Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of:

A) avoidant personality disorder.
B) paranoid personality disorder.
C) narcissistic personality disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

Question 54

A person experiencing paranoid personality disorder frequently says things like, "You've got to get them before they get you," and "People have been sinners since the Garden of Eden." If these sayings reflect maladaptive assumptions the person has about people in general, the theorist who would be LEAST surprised would have which theoretical position?

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) biological
C) sociocultural
D) psychodynamic

Question 55

Which is NOT considered an odd personality disorder?

A) paranoid personality disorder
B) schizoid personality disorder
C) schizotypal personality disorder
D) antisocial personality disorder

Question 56

People with _____ personality disorder deeply distrust other people and are suspicious of others' motives.

A) antisocial
B) avoidant
C) borderline
D) paranoid

Question 57

Which statement is supported by current research findings?

A) Odd personality disorders cause schizophrenia.
B) Odd personality disorders are caused by schizophrenia.
C) Odd personality disorders and schizophrenia are related to one another.
D) Odd personality disorders and schizophrenia are not related to one another.

Question 58

People with _____ personality disorder persistently avoid and are removed from social relationships and demonstrate little in the way of emotion.

A) antisocial
B) avoidant
C) borderline
D) schizoid

Question 59

A person who is LEAST likely to be affected by criticism or praise from other people is one suffering from:

A) voidant personality disorder.
B) schizoid personality disorder.
C) paranoid personality disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

Question 60

Cognitive-behavioral theorists believe that because those with schizoid personalities have difficulty scanning the environment, perceiving accurately, and picking up emotional cues, they develop _____ very slowly.

A) language and motor skills
B) secondary sex characteristics
C) allergies and other medical problems
D) thinking disorders

Question 61

There is a game called Moods where one acts out the mood listed on a card. Being encouraged to play this game is most like the treatment _____ might use for those with schizoid disorders.

A) psychoanalytic therapists
B) cognitive therapists
C) behavioral therapists
D) biological therapists

Question 62

A friend of yours says, "A 15-year-old high school student accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder." Your accurate reply would be:

A) "Yes, that kind of behavior often is associated with that diagnosis."
B) "I don't think so; those with that diagnosis seldom engage in criminal activity."
C) "Yes, and I'll bet that wasn't the only diagnosis, either."
D) "No, the student is too young for that diagnosis."

Question 63

Digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of:

A) schizoid personality disorder.
B) avoidant personality disorder.
C) paranoid personality disorder.
D) schizotypal personality disorder.

Question 64

Cruelty to animals and people, destruction of property, and truancy before the age of 15:

A) may be best diagnosed as antisocial personality disorder.
B) are characteristic of those later diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
C) predict later antisocial disorder with virtual certainty.
D) seem unrelated to antisocial personality disorder.

Question 65

Should drugs be used in the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder?

A) Maybe; in low doses, they seem to help some clients.
B) Maybe; in high doses, they seem to help some clients.
C) Yes; in low doses, they seem to help practically all clients.
D) Yes; in high doses, they seem to help practically all clients.

Question 66

The type of therapy that generally provides the LEAST amount of help for those with schizoid personality disorder is:

A) family systems.
B) drug.
C) cognitive-behavioral.
D) psychodynamic.

Question 67

Which trait is common in people with antisocial personality disorder?

A) recklessness
B) anxiety
C) self-consciousness
D) shyness

Question 68

A person who does poorly on a task called backward masking is MOST likely to be experiencing:

A) schizoid personality disorder.
B) paranoid personality disorder.
C) borderline personality disorder.
D) schizotypal personality disorder.

Question 69

A patient has enlarged brain ventricles and a measurable loss of gray matter. These symptoms are:

A) psychoneuroimmunological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder.
B) psychoneuroimmunological, and the most likely diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder.
C) biological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder.
D) biological, and the most likely diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder.

Question 70

People with _____ personality disorder display a range of interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities

A) antisocial
B) avoidant
C) schizotypal
D) schizoid

Question 71

The disorder that appears to be MOST closely related to the schizotypal personality disorder is:

A) anxiety.
B) schizophrenia.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) narcissistic personality disorder.

Question 72

Which category of personality disorder contains the disorders MOST commonly diagnosed?

A) odd
B) dramatic
C) anxious
D) strange

Question 73

Schizotypal personality disorders differ from other odd personality disorders in that they are related to schizophrenia and:

A) stress disorders.
B) mood disorders.
C) anxiety disorders.
D) intellectual disorders.

Question 74

When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on television, she thinks that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day and so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely:

A) schizoid personality disorder.
B) avoidant personality disorder.
C) paranoid personality disorder.
D) schizotypal personality disorder.

Question 75

A belief that unrelated events pertain to oneself in some important way is known as:

A) bodily illusions.
B) ideas of reference.
C) passive-aggressive disorder.
D) backward masking.

Question 76

An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If the adult has received a DSM-5 diagnosis, it is MOST likely either:

A) schizotypal personality disorder or a stress disorder.
B) schizotypal personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder or a stress disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.

Question 77

Ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the Rockies. He had a large town meeting and sold stock in his company for only $5 per share. He showed pictures of the mine and said the company expected to gross $100 million each month. As it turns out, he was a terrific con artist who had made several successful proposals such as this in towns across America in the last couple of years. He is MOST likely suffering from:

A) paranoid personality disorder.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) narcissistic personality disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

Question 78

As part of their therapy, clients learn to evaluate their unusual thoughts, track the accuracy of magical predictions, and reconnect with the world and with their limitations. The diagnoses of these clients would MOST likely be in which broad category of personality disorder?

A) dependent
B) dramatic
C) anxious
D) odd

Question 79

Which personality disorder is marked by a general pattern of disregard for, and violation of, other people's rights?

A) borderline
B) antisocial
C) histrionic
D) narcissistic

Question 80

Characteristics of the Virginia Tech shooter reveal that he:

A) fit the diagnostic category of histrionic personality disorder.
B) displayed a combination of features from many personality disorders.
C) did not fit any of the personality disorders.
D) did not appear to have a mental disorder.