Deck 8: Microbes and the Process of Infection

Question 1

________ is a potentially lethal pathogen that can cause surgical site infection and can spread via the lymphatic system to other sites in the body, causing anaerobic cellulitis (infection of the subcutaneous tissue) and tissue necrosis (death).

A) Staphylococcus epidermidis
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C) Klebsiella
D) Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 1

D

Question 2

_____________ is transmitted via blood-to-blood contact, sexual contact, and contact with certain body fluids.

A) CDC
B) AIDS
C) HPV
D) HIV

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When organisms of two different species live together, this is called ________.

A) symbiosis
B) immunodeficiency
C) host
D) parasitism

Answer 3

A

Question 4

____________________ is an anaerobic bacteria, referred to as "gas gangrene," that causes rapid tissue death in deep wounds deprived of oxygen.

A) Clostridium perfringens
B) Clostridium tetani
C) Rickettsiae
D) Mycobacterium

Question 5

A wound is described as _______________ when exudate (accumulation of pus, drainage, dead cells, and serum) may appear around the incision.

A) suppurative
B) abscessed
C) necrotic
D) dehisced

Question 6

The laboratory test to determine the thickness of a microbe's cell wall is _______________.

A) Gram staining
B) acid-fast staining
C) culture and sensitivity
D) biochemical testing

Question 7

The ____________ of bacteria growth is characterized by active and sometimes rapid cell division.

A) stationary phase
B) exponential (log) phase
C) lag phase
D) death phase

Question 8

____________ is the movement of liquid through a semipermeable membrane according to differences in the concentration of substances on either side.

A) Mutualism
B) Comensualism
C) Diffusion
D) Osmosis

Question 9

___________ occurs in the period immediately after trauma.

A) The inflammatory response
B) Antimicrobial resistance
C) Virulence
D) Aerosol acceptance

Question 10

___________ provide a form of adaptive immunity.

A) Antibiotics
B) Allergies
C) Vaccinations
D) Resident flora

Question 11

________ is not a separate disease organism but a syndrome that occurs because of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus.

A) AIDS
B) HBV
C) RNA
D) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Question 12

________ is/are a long filament that is responsible for bacterial motility.

A) Genetic material
B) Flagellum
C) Appendages
D) Organelles

Question 13

Bacteria that cannot live in the presence of oxygen are called __________.

A) anaerobes
B) aerobes
C) spores
D) endotoxins

Question 14

______________________ is the most widespread cause of surgical site infections.

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Salmonella enterica

Question 15

A(n) ________ is the state or condition in which the body or body tissues are invaded by pathogenic microorganisms that multiply and produce injurious effects.

A) infection
B) disease
C) inflammation
D) exotoxin

Question 16

The human intestinal tract contains many different types of bacteria, such as __________, which are essential for metabolism.

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B) Streptococcus pyogenes
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Escherichia coli

Question 17

_______________ are single-celled prokaryotic organisms.

A) Antigens
B) Aerosol droplets
C) Bacteria
D) Droplet nuclei

Question 18

______________ infection is a term for hospital-acquired infection (HAI).

A) Nosocomial
B) Community-acquired
C) Vector
D) Opportunistic

Question 19

The nature of the bacterial cell membrane determines a bacterium's ________ and its response to antibiotics.

A) identity
B) ability to invade the body's defense system
C) preexisting disease
D) Gram stain classification

Question 20

Microbes enter the body through a location called the _____________.

A) portal of entry
B) microbe host
C) vaginal lactobacilli
D) intestinal tract

Question 21

__________ causes the greatest number of hospital-acquired infections in the United States.

A) Insufficient surgical hand scrub
B) Urinary catheterization
C) Genetic material
D) Cross contamination

Question 22

_____________ is a rare transmissible disease that attacks the central nervous system, is progressive, and is always fatal.

A) Hepatitis A virus
B) CJD
C) Convalescence
D) Helicobacter pylori

Question 23

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Endotoxin
b.Exotoxin
An example would include pseudomonas and tetanus.

Question 24

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Endotoxin
b.Exotoxin
Chemicals contained within the cell wall of bacteria

Question 25

Cellular organisms are divided into two types: _______________________, with each descending from different groups.

A) prokaryotes and eukaryotes
B) cytoplasm and organelles
C) contaminated and sterile
D) diffused and cultured

Question 26

Staining is a process of coloring microbial specimens so that they can be seen with the _____________.

A) optical microscope
B) safety glasses
C) naked eye
D) surgical site

Question 27

To perform chemical tests on bacteria, it is necessary to ________________.

A) grow them in a laboratory environment
B) diffuse them with droplets
C) count them under a microscope
D) contaminate them with infection

Question 28

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Endotoxin
b.Exotoxin
Not secreted but released when the cells are disrupted or broken down

Question 29

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Endotoxin
b.Exotoxin
When a cell ruptures, this is released into the bloodstream and spreads to different organ systems.

Question 30

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Staphylococcus aureus
b.Streptococcus pneumoniae
c.Escherichia coli
Most widespread cause of surgical site infections

Question 31

When a pathogenic or nonpathogenic microorganism gains entry to a wound's sterile tissues and colonizes there, it is called ________.

A) disease transmission
B) surgical site infection
C) antimicrobial resistance
D) inflammatory response

Question 32

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Staphylococcus aureus
b.Streptococcus pneumoniae
c.Escherichia coli
Most frequent cause of urinary tract infection

Question 33

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Endotoxin
b.Exotoxin
A toxic substance produced by microorganisms and excreted outside of the bacterial cell

Question 34

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Endotoxin
b.Exotoxin
Protein produced as a result of bacterial metabolism

Question 35

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Endotoxin
b.Exotoxin
Enters specific body cells and disrupts the cell's chemical and physical structure

Question 36

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Staphylococcus aureus
b.Streptococcus pneumoniae
c.Escherichia coli
Direct transmission occurs when the gastrointestinal tract is perforated and bowel contents spill into the sterile peritoneal cavity.

Question 37

Autoinfection is the spread of infection from one _________________.

A) prion to a vector
B) person to another
C) virion to a culture
D) part of the body to another location

Question 38

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Endotoxin
b.Exotoxin
Toxic effect includes fever, increased or decreased number of white blood cells, diarrhea, shock, extreme weakness, or death.