Deck 33: Cardiac Surgery

Question 1

Fibrillation is _________________.

A) a disturbance to the heartbeat
B) a heart valve that is unable to close tightly
C) a fast heart rate
D) uncoordinated muscular activity in the heart muscle, which results in "quivering" rather than pumping action

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Bradycardia is a heart rate _______ beats per minute.

A) below 40 to 60
B) of 70 to 100
C) of 60 to 120
D) higher than 120

Answer 2

A

Question 3

__________________ is the most common incision used for surgical procedures of the heart and great vessels in the thoracic cavity.

A) Transverse sternotomy
B) Median sternotomy
C) Anterior lateral thoracotomy
D) Posterior lateral thoracotomy

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Tachycardia is a fast heart rate, usually more than ________ beats per minute.

A) 90
B) 80
C) 65
D) 120

Question 5

The heart is contained within a closed cavity called the ________.

A) mediastinum
B) pleural space
C) chest cavity
D) thoracic outlet

Question 6

A pacemaker is a device that produces electrical impulses that stimulate the heart. This process is called _____________.

A) pacing the heart
B) stabilizing the heart
C) decreasing a high heart rate
D) repairing a non-life-threatening dysrhythmia

Question 7

Two classifications of aneurysms are ____________.

A) saccular and fusiform
B) stenotic and syncope
C) aortic and ventricular
D) cranial and caudal

Question 8

____________________ demonstrates the movement of blood through the valves and can be used to measure the ejection fraction and end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes.

A) Ventricular angiography
B) Electrophysiology
C) Mediastinoscopy
D) Computed tomography (CT) scan

Question 9

Removal of the native heart and replacement with a donor heart is indicated for patients with ______ cardiac disease.

A) end-stage
B) chronic
C) continuous
D) early-stage

Question 10

An artificial pacemaker is implanted in the body to correct cardiac arrhythmia caused by _______________.

A) stenosis of the great vessels
B) disease of the conduction system
C) hardening of heart vessels
D) hardening of the heart valves

Question 11

During an aortic valve replacement, a _____________ incision is most commonly made to open the aorta.

A) transverse
B) brachial
C) median sternotomy
D) lateral thoracotomy

Question 12

The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates the cardiac cycle and is sometimes called the heart's _____________.

A) electrode
B) pacemaker
C) generator
D) alligator clamp

Question 13

During coronary artery bypass surgery, the surgeon occludes the ascending aorta and inserts the indwelling catheter for ______________.

A) infusion of cardioplegic solution and venting of air
B) infusion of heparin solution and injection of air
C) infusion of anesthetic solutions and injection of air
D) infusion of potassium solution and injection of air

Question 14

Cardioplegia solution is used to ________.

A) stop the heart's pumping action
B) reverse the effect of heparin
C) prevent blood clots from forming
D) treat ventricular arrhythmias

Question 15

The aortic valve maintains one-way blood flow from the ________ to the aorta.

A) right ventricle
B) left atrium
C) right atrium
D) left ventricle

Question 16

Chaotic, disorganized stimulation of one or both ventricles that does not pump the blood is called __________.

A) ventricular fibrillation.
B) tachycardia.
C) bradycardia.
D) atrial septal defect.

Question 17

The coronary artery is opened with a #11 knife blade (or Beaver blade), and the incision is extended with _______ coronary scissors.

A) Potts
B) Metz
C) tenotomy
D) micro

Question 18

The mitral valve is located between the _______________.

A) left atrium and the aorta
B) right atrium and vena cava
C) left atrium and left ventricle
D) right atrium and right ventricle

Question 19

The three layers of the wall of the heart are the outer epicardium, the middle myocardium, and the inner _________.

A) pericardium
B) endocardium
C) cryocardium
D) intracardium

Question 20

_______________ is reduced blood supply to tissue, which may be a result of obstruction within the blood vessels or external pressure, which acts as a tourniquet.

A) Ischemia
B) Infarction
C) Mediastinum
D) Stenosis

Question 21

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Right ventricle
b.Right atrium
c.Bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.Left ventricle
e.Left atrium
f.Tricuspid valve
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Question 22

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Right ventricle
b.Right atrium
c.Bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.Left ventricle
e.Left atrium
f.Tricuspid valve
Located on the right side of the heart between the ventricle and the atrium

Question 23

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Right ventricle
b.Right atrium
c.Bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.Left ventricle
e.Left atrium
f.Tricuspid valve
Disease may be caused by rheumatic heart disease

Question 24

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Right ventricle
b.Right atrium
c.Bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.Left ventricle
e.Left atrium
f.Tricuspid valve
Connected to the pulmonary artery by the pulmonary valve

Question 25

Cardiac catheterization is a(n) ___________ procedure and involves insertion of a cardiac catheter into the heart chambers and large vessels via a peripheral artery or vein.

A) open operative
B) interventional radiology
C) noninvasive
D) difficult

Question 26

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Right ventricle
b.Right atrium
c.Bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.Left ventricle
e.Left atrium
f.Tricuspid valve
Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium

Question 27

Match the following dysrhythmias with the best description of the anomaly. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Ventricular fibrillation
b.Atrial flutter
c.Bradycardia
d.Ventricular tachycardia
e.Atrial fibrillation
Heart rate over 120 beats per minute

Question 28

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Right ventricle
b.Right atrium
c.Bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.Left ventricle
e.Left atrium
f.Tricuspid valve
Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 29

Match the following dysrhythmias with the best description of the anomaly. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Ventricular fibrillation
b.Atrial flutter
c.Bradycardia
d.Ventricular tachycardia
e.Atrial fibrillation
Chaotic, disorganized stimulation of the ventricle(s) that does not pump the blood

Question 30

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Right ventricle
b.Right atrium
c.Bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.Left ventricle
e.Left atrium
f.Tricuspid valve
Replaced with a prosthetic valve through a right atriotomy

Question 31

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Right ventricle
b.Right atrium
c.Bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.Left ventricle
e.Left atrium
f.Tricuspid valve
Connects to the aorta by the aortic valve

Question 32

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Right ventricle
b.Right atrium
c.Bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.Left ventricle
e.Left atrium
f.Tricuspid valve
A diseased mitral valve is replaced to prevent blood from regurgitating here

Question 33

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Right ventricle
b.Right atrium
c.Bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.Left ventricle
e.Left atrium
f.Tricuspid valve
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Question 34

Match the following dysrhythmias with the best description of the anomaly. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Ventricular fibrillation
b.Atrial flutter
c.Bradycardia
d.Ventricular tachycardia
e.Atrial fibrillation
Chaotic, disorganized stimulation of the atrium (atria) that prevents atrial contraction (which helps fill the ventricle with blood)

Question 35

Match the following dysrhythmias with the best description of the anomaly. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Ventricular fibrillation
b.Atrial flutter
c.Bradycardia
d.Ventricular tachycardia
e.Atrial fibrillation
Heart rate of 240 to 450 beats per minute

Question 36

Match the following dysrhythmias with the best description of the anomaly. You may use the same answer more than once.
a.Ventricular fibrillation
b.Atrial flutter
c.Bradycardia
d.Ventricular tachycardia
e.Atrial fibrillation
Abnormally slow heartbeat below 60 beats per minute

Question 37

A midline incision from the sternal notch 2 to 3 inches below the xiphoid is called a(n) ______ sternotomy.

A) median
B) paramedian
C) anterolateral
D) transverse

Question 38

The Rumel tourniquet, commonly used in cardiovascular surgery, is a short length of rubber tubing either commercially prepared or cut from a(n) _____________.

A) Penrose drain
B) T-tube drain
C) straight (Robinson) urinary catheter
D) unused section of suction tubing