Deck 18: Pediatric Patients

Question 1

When performing dermatological examination, the clinician should recognize that a flat darkened area of skin in the sacral region is called:

A) Spina bifida occulta
B) Mongolian spot
C) Nevus flammeus
D) Café au lait spot

Answer 1

Mongolian spot

Question 2

In infants, the following is a serious examination finding:

A) Lack of red reflex
B) Eyelid telangiectasia
C) Delayed pupillary reaction
D) A and C

Answer 2

A and C

Question 3

It is important for the clinician to recognize that a patent ductus arteriosus, which directs the fetal bloodstream from pulmonary artery to aorta, does not close until:

A) Day 4 after birth
B) 1 week after birth
C) 2 weeks after birth
D) 1 month after birth

Answer 3

Day 4 after birth

Question 4

What assessment technique should be used to assist in the diagnosis of otitis media in a child?

A) Cotton tip applicator to gather sample for culture
B) Curettage removal of cerumen
C) Pneumatic otoscopy
D) Hearing evaluation

Question 5

Criteria for diagnosing attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in a child include attention problems that:

A) Have been present before the age of 12
B) Have been present for at least 6 months
C) Are present in at least two settings
D) All of the above

Question 6

In infants and toddlers, it is recommended to perform the physical examination:

A) In head-to-toe sequence
B) In noninvasive-to-invasive sequence
C) On the parent's lap
D) B and C

Question 7

Which of the following is an abnormal finding in a male child?

A) Gynecomastia during puberty
B) Undescended testicles at 3 months
C) Enlarged scrotum during infancy
D) None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is abnormal in a 2-year-old child?

A) Walking on toes
B) Bowed leg stance
C) Click heard on hip abduction
D) All of the above

Question 9

It is important to examine the infant's anterior fontanel when the child is:

A) Lying supine
B) Relaxed and sitting up
C) Lying prone
D) Standing with assistance

Question 10

How should the clinician examine the ear canal in an infant?

A) Pull the auricle down and out
B) Pull the auricle up and back
C) First in the sequence of a physical examination
D) Child should be lying in prone position

Question 11

To examine the abdomen of a ticklish child, the clinician can:

A) Leave the abdomen examination for last
B) Use the child's smaller hand under your own to palpate the belly
C) Distract the child by handing them a doll or toy
D) B and C

Question 12

It is important for the clinician to examine head circumference in infants/children up to age:

A) 1 year
B) 2 years
C) 3 years
D) 4 years

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding concussion in a child?

A) A concussion causes loss of consciousness
B) The effects of more than one concussion are cumulative
C) The child with concussion can return to sports after 24 hours
D) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following indicates abnormal behavior in a 12-month-old child?

A) No imitating
B) No babbling
C) Inability to walk independently
D) Short attention span

Question 15

When examining an infant, the clinician should recognize that separation anxiety is normal behavior in an infant as early as:

A) 2 months
B) 4 months
C) 6 months
D) 12 months

Question 16

With school-age children, the examiner should:

A) Use a head-to-toe sequence
B) Explain everything they plan to do in detail
C) Allow them to hold and look over the equipment
D) A and C

Question 17

To assess a newborn for hip dislocation, the following physical assessment technique is used: With the infant supine, place fingers posteriorly over the greater trochanter, flex the hip 90 degrees, and abduct the thigh while pushing up with the fingers. Feel for a clunk and palpable jerk as the femur is relocated. Do the maneuver gently on an infant who is not crying. This is called:

A) Barlow's maneuver
B) Ortolani's maneuver
C) Galeazzi's maneuver
D) Hallpike maneuver

Question 18

When examining adolescents, it is important to recognize:

A) They might want the examination to be private from their parents
B) Normalcy and fitting in is usually an important subject
C) That a physical examination is an opportunity to do some health teaching
D) All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is a serious symptom in a feverish child?

A) Teary eyes
B) Projectile vomiting
C) Lack of appetite
D) Diarrhea

Question 20

Which of the following stances is normal in a toddler?

A) Genu varum
B) Genu valgum
C) Lordosis
D) A and C

Question 21

Which of the following is true regarding growth and development of a child?

A) Average head circumference of an infant under 6 months is 13 to 14 inches.
B) The head circumference generally increases by a half inch per month during the first 6 months.
C) A child's weight typically doubles by 4 to 6 months.
D) All of the above

Question 22

By what age is a child usually toilet trained?

A) 1 to 2 years
B) 2 to 3 years
C) 3 to 4 years
D) 4 to 5 years

Question 23

Assessing hearing ability is important early in the course of child development. The clinician should recognize that if a child does not speak with some recognizable words by age ____________, audiometry testing should be done.

A) 12 months
B) 18 months
C) 2 years
D) 3 years

Question 24

At what stage does a child develop a sense of self-worth?

A) Toddler
B) Preschool
C) School age
D) Adolescence

Question 25

What is the minimum daily calcium requirement for adolescents?

A) 1,200 mg/day
B) 1,300 mg/day
C) 1,400 mg/day
D) 1,500 mg/day

Question 26

At what age range should a mother begin feeding the child solid food, such as rice cereal?

A) 3 to 4 months
B) 5 to 6 months
C) 6 to 7 months
D) 7 to 8 months

Question 27

What age is the child who is in the "do it myself" stage?

A) 18 months
B) 2 years
C) 3 years
D) 4 years

Question 28

The skin lesion that is infected with Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus resembles a(n):

A) Insect bite
B) Blister
C) Benign mole
D) Café au lait spot

Question 29

At what age do the baby teeth start to erupt in the majority of children?

A) 3 months
B) 4 months
C) 5 months
D) 6 months

Question 30

By what age should the normal child put together a sentence when speaking?

A) 1 year
B) 18 months
C) 2 years
D) None of the above

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true regarding the average child's growth and development?

A) A child's weight typically triples at a year.
B) A child's weight typically quadruples by age 2.
C) During the puberty growth spurt, females gain approximately 38 pounds, males 42 pounds.
D) All of the above

Question 32

Which of the following is false regarding newborn reflexes?

A) When startled, a newborn should exhibit the Moro reflex.
B) Stroking the cheek of a newborn should elicit a rooting reflex.
C) A newborn's dominant hand palmar grasp is stronger than the nondominant hand grasp.
D) A newborn should have a strong suck reflex at birth.

Question 33

It recommended that a child use a car seat until ______________________.

A) 8 years old or 80 lbs
B) 7 years old or 70 lbs
C) 6 years old or 60 lbs
D) 5 years old or 50 lbs

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true regarding growth and development of an infant?

A) At 2 weeks, an infant should be lifting the head while lying prone.
B) An infant should smile and respond to mother at 1 month.
C) The infant should roll over by 6 months.
D) The infant should sit independently by 3 months.

Question 35

Which of the following should warrant further investigation?

A) A 9-month-old child does not interact with another person
B) The infant does not stand up by 12 months
C) The infant does not smile at 2 months
D) A and B