Deck 2: Individual Differences,Values,and Diversity

Question 1

People with an external locus of control believe that they control their own fate or destiny.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Thinking-type individuals use reason and intellect to deal with problems and they downplay emotions.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In assessing a person's problem-solving style,information gathering involves making judgments about how to deal with and interpret information.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The "Big Five" personality traits include extraversion,agreeableness,conscientiousness,emotional stability,and creativity.

Question 5

Self-esteem has no drawbacks; high self-esteem only boosts performance and satisfaction.

Question 6

Problem-solving styles are most frequently measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI),which asks individuals how they usually act or feel in specific situations.

Question 7

Extraversion,a "Big Five" personality dimension,is associated with being imaginative,curious,and broad-minded.

Question 8

Personality represents the overall combination of characteristics that capture the unique nature of a person as he or she reacts and interacts with others.

Question 9

Problem-solving style is a measure representing social traits.

Question 10

In OB,the term individual differences is used to refer to the ways in which people are similar and how they vary in their thinking,feeling,and behavior.

Question 11

As a determinant of personality,heredity consists of those factors that are determined at conception,including physical characteristics,gender,and personality factors.

Question 12

Personal conception traits represent the way individuals tend to think about their social and physical setting as well as their major beliefs and personal orientation concerning a range of issues.

Question 13

According to research by Rich Arvey and colleagues,family experiences are more important than experiences at work in shaping women's leadership development.

Question 14

Self-esteem is an individual's belief about the likelihood of success in completing a particular task.

Question 15

Environment sets the limits on just how much an individual's personality characteristics can be developed; heredity determines development within these limits.

Question 16

People with an intuitive-thinking style of problem solving tend to be speculative,objective,impersonal,and idealistic.

Question 17

In solving problems,sensation-type individuals prefer routine and order whereas intuitive-type individuals prefer the "big picture."

Question 18

Positive and innovative changes in organizations have a greater degree of positive effects on proactive individuals.

Question 19

In terms of job performance,research has shown that conscientiousness predicts job performance across five occupational groups of professions-engineers,police,managers,salespersons,and skilled and semiskilled employees.

Question 20

In studying individual differences,we attempt to identify where behavioral tendencies are similar and where they are different.

Question 21

Eustress has a negative impact on both attitudes and performance.

Question 22

Value congruence occurs when individuals express positive feelings upon encountering others who exhibit values similar to their own.

Question 23

In Meglino's value schema,the value of honesty refers to being impartial and doing what is fair for all concerned.

Question 24

Values are broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes.

Question 25

Personal wellness requires attention to such factors as smoking,weight,diet,alcohol use,and physical fitness.

Question 26

Bruce Meglino's classification of human values includes the values of achievement,helping and concern for others,honesty,and fairness.

Question 27

To make a plan of action and follow it is an example of an emotion-focused coping strategy.

Question 28

Stress is a state of tension experienced by individuals facing extraordinary demands,constraints,or opportunities.

Question 29

When values differ,or are incongruent,conflicts over such things as goals and the means to achieve them may result.

Question 30

Both terminal and instrumental values differ across groups,and these differences can encourage conflict or agreement when the groups have to deal with each other.

Question 31

Highly authoritarian individuals are so susceptible to authority that in their eagerness to comply they may behave unethically.

Question 32

A low-Machiavellian personality approaches situations logically and thoughtfully and is even capable of lying to achieve personal goals.

Question 33

High self-monitoring individuals cannot disguise their behaviors - "what you see is what you get."

Question 34

People with an internal locus of control exhibit greater self-control,are more cautious,engage in less risky behavior,and are less anxious.

Question 35

Individuals with a Type A orientation are characterized as being more easy going and less competitive than Type B.

Question 36

Values rarely influence an individual's attitudes and behaviors.

Question 37

Meglino's value schema includes theoretical,economic,aesthetic,social,political,and religious values.

Question 38

A person high in dogmatism tends to adhere rigidly to conventional values and to obey recognized authority.

Question 39

Job burnout manifests itself as a loss of interest in and satisfaction with a job due to stressful working conditions.

Question 40

Individuals with a Type B orientation are characterized by impatience,desire for achievement,and perfectionism.

Question 41

People are born into a society that teaches their members its culture.

Question 42

The leaking pipeline describes how women have not reached the highest levels of organizations.

Question 43

South Korea is low on Hofstede's long-term orientation and the U.S.is a more long-term oriented country.

Question 44

According to Hofstede's framework of national culture,uncertainty avoidance reflects the degree to which people are likely to respect hierarchy and rank in organizations.

Question 45

According to Hofstede's framework,value differences across national cultures can be evaluated in terms of power distance,uncertainty avoidance,individualism-collectivism,masculinity-femininity,and long-term/short-term orientation.

Question 46

In Hofstede's framework of national culture,individualism-collectivism reflects the degree to which organizations emphasize competition and assertiveness versus interpersonal sensitivity and concerns for relationships.

Question 47

The primary generational point of conflict is work ethic.

Question 48

Sexual orientation is protected by the EEOC.

Question 49

Workforce diversity has increased in the U.S.and decreased in the rest of the world.

Question 50

__________ and __________ are two related aspects of the self-concept.

A)Self-esteem; self-monitoring
B)Self-esteem; self-assessment
C)Self-esteem; self-efficacy
D)Self-monitoring; self-assessment
E)Self-monitoring; self-efficacy

Question 51

Research shows that companies with a higher percentage of female board directors and corporate officers,on average,financially outperform companies with the lowest percentages by significant margins.

Question 52

When using the Hofstede framework of national culture,it is important to remember that the five dimensions are independent.

Question 53

High power distance and collectivism are often found together,as are low power distance and individualism.

Question 54

In the workplace,sexual orientation and ablebodiedness are protected from discrimination by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 55

In recent years,there has been a shift from a focus on diversity to a focus on inclusion.

Question 56

Culture is the learned,shared way of doing things in a particular society.

Question 57

The way individuals think about such matters as achievement,material gain,wealth,risk and change may influence how they approach work and their relationships with organizations.

Question 58

Valuing diversity assumes that groups will retain their own characteristics.

Question 59

Even though recent studies report that there is no significant difference in performance between workers with disabilities and those without,nearly three quarters of people with severe disabilities are reported to be unemployed.

Question 60

When examining value congruence between leaders and followers,researchers using Meglino's value schema reported greater follower satisfaction with a leader when there was value congruence in terms of achievement,helping,honesty and fairness values.

Question 61

__________ individuals use reason and intellect to deal with problems and downplay emotions.

A)Thinking-type
B)Feeling-type
C)Intuitive-type
D)Cognitive-type
E)Sensation-type

Question 62

__________ individuals prefer the "big picture",like solving new problems,dislike routine,and would rather look for possibilities than work with facts.

A)Thinking-type
B)Feeling-type
C)Intuitive-type
D)Cognitive-type
E)Sensation-type

Question 63

__________ individuals are oriented toward conformity and try to accommodate themselves to other people.

A)Cognitive-type
B)Sensation-type
C)Intuitive-type
D)Feeling-type
E)Thinking-type

Question 64

__________individuals prefer routine and order,and emphasize well-defined details in gathering information; they would rather work with known facts than look for possibilities.

A)Thinking-type
B)Feeling-type
C)Intuitive-type
D)Sensation-type
E)Cognitive-type

Question 65

Firstborns in families tend to be __________.

A)loners
B)quiet
C)shy
D)impatient
E)enterprising

Question 66

Which traits are associated with the "Big Five" personality dimension of extraversion?

A)Outgoing,sociable,and assertive
B)Good-natured,trusting,and cooperative
C)Responsible,dependable,and persistent
D)Unworried,secure,and relaxed
E)Imaginative,curious,and broad-minded

Question 67

__________ traits are surface-level traits that reflect the way a person appears to others when interacting in various social settings.

A)Standard
B)Statutory
C)Situational
D)Social
E)Demographic

Question 68

A person high in __________ is concerned with toughness and power and opposes the use of subjective feelings.

A)authoritarianism
B)Machiavellianism
C)internal locus of control
D)dogmatism
E)external locus of control

Question 69

__________ combines a set of physical and mental characteristics that reflect how a person looks,thinks,acts,and feels.

A)Cognition
B)Personality
C)Perception
D)Aptitude
E)Ability

Question 70

The "Big Five" personality dimension of agreeableness refers to which of the following sets of personality traits?

A)Outgoing,sociable,and assertive
B)Good-natured,trusting,and cooperative
C)Responsible,dependable,and persistent
D)Unworried,secure,and relaxed
E)Imaginative,curious,and broad-minded

Question 71

Which of the following statements about locus of control is correct?

A)People with an external locus of control tend to be more introverted.
B)People with an internal locus of control tend to be more extroverted.
C)People with an internal locus of control tend to perform better on tasks requiring complex information processing and learning.
D)People with an external locus of control are more oriented toward their own feelings.
E)Many managerial and professional jobs require behavior that is consistent with an external locus of control.

Question 72

Problem-solving style reflects the way a person goes about __________ and __________ information in solving problems and making decisions.

A)interpreting; evaluating
B)interpreting; communicating
C)gathering; collecting
D)evaluating; analyzing
E)gathering; evaluating

Question 73

Individuals with a sensation-feeling style of problem solving tend to be good at which of the following?

A)Empathizing
B)Observing
C)Imagining
D)Inquiring
E)Filing

Question 74

__________ means being aware of our own behaviors,preferences,styles,biases,personalities,and so on.

A)Self-awareness
B)Awareness of others
C)Self-concept
D)Self-esteem
E)Self-efficacy

Question 75

Research has shown that proactive personality is positively related to all of the following EXCEPT:

A)job performance.
B)creativity.
C)leadership.
D)salary.
E)career success.

Question 76

Which of the following statements provides an inaccurate description of people with high self-esteem?

A)They see themselves as capable,worthwhile,and acceptable.
B)They tend to have few doubts about themselves.
C)They seldom experience a boost in job performance.
D)When under pressure,they may become boastful and act egotistically.
E)They may be overconfident at times.

Question 77

Which of the following statements about problem-solving styles is NOT accurate?

A)Information gathering involves getting and organizing data for use.
B)Sensation-type individuals and intuitive-type individuals represent two forms of information gathering.
C)Evaluation involves making judgments about how to deal with information once it has been collected.
D)Two forms of evaluation are feeling and thinking.
E)Problem-solving styles are most frequently measured by the Morrison-Bellarmine Type Index.

Question 78

Conscientiousness is a "Big Five" personality dimension that involves the traits of being __________.

A)outgoing,sociable,and assertive
B)good-natured,trusting,and cooperative
C)responsible,dependable,and persistent
D)unworried,secure,and relaxed
E)imaginative,curious,and broad-minded

Question 79

________ means being aware of the behaviors,preferences,styles,biases,personalities,and so on of others.

A)Self-awareness
B)Awareness of others
C)Self-concept
D)Self-esteem
E)Self-efficacy

Question 80

Which of the following personality traits is NOT included in the "Big Five"?

A)Extraversion
B)Agreeableness
C)Conscientiousness
D)Self-concept
E)Emotional stability