Deck 14: Leadership Challenges and Organizational Change

Question 1

Behavior-focused strategies of self leadership include: self observation,self goal achievement,self congratulations,and self maintenance.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Ethical leaders emphasize values,vision and intellectual stimulation.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Within a team,leadership can be assigned to one person,rotated across team members or even shared simultaneously as different needs arise across time.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Transformational leaders stress authenticity and self-awareness and tend to be more transactional than other leadership aspects.

Question 5

Research indicates that leadership is restricted to the vertical influence of a single individual in an organization.

Question 6

Rehearsal of desired behaviors before actual performance can be useful in moving behaviors toward goal attainment.

Question 7

Self-rewards,in conjunction with self observation,can be very useful in moving behaviors toward goal attainment only when they are real and not imaginary.

Question 8

Servant leadership involves both owning one's personal experiences and acting in accordance with one's true self.

Question 9

Often self-leadership activities are divided into three broad categories: behavior-focused,personal-focused and organizational-focused.

Question 10

Leadership is not restricted simply to the vertical influence of a single individual but extends to other people as well.

Question 11

Self observation involves examining your own behavior to increase awareness of when and why you engage in certain behaviors.

Question 12

Heightened self awareness is a first step in behavior change.

Question 13

A productive,supportive climate and commitment to continuous improvement and adaptation are unnecessary for creating and maintaining team performance.

Question 14

Authentic leadership is similar to ethical leadership in that both types of leadership express a concern for others,integrity,and role modeling.

Question 15

Self-efficacy is a person's belief that he or she can perform adequately in a situation.

Question 16

Spiritual leadership has a strong research base in organizational behavior.

Question 17

Shared and vertical self-directing team activities tend to encourage self-leadership activities which in turn can help individuals and the team.

Question 18

Greenleaf argued that the primary purpose of business should be to create a positive impact on both its employees and community.

Question 19

Servant leadership is rooted in organizational behavior research.

Question 20

Spiritual leadership is viewed as a field of inquiry within the broader setting of workplace spirituality.

Question 21

The autonomous leadership dimension of the GLOBE theoretical model refers to ensuring safety and security of the individual,self-centered and face saving.

Question 22

The GLOBE's theoretical model has three broad-based leadership dimensions encompassing ten primarily leadership dimensions and a small number of leadership items and attributes.

Question 23

Often shared leadership is used in combination with vertical leadership.

Question 24

According to the GLOBE theoretical model,acceptance of the leader by followers does NOT facilitate leader effectiveness.

Question 25

Summary comparisons on the GLOBE study among culture clusters indicate a sharp similarity between the study's Anglo cluster and the Middle East cluster.

Question 26

The cultural dimension "in-group collectivism" refers to the rewarding of collective actions.

Question 27

According to the GLOBE theoretical model,over time,founders and subsequent organizational leaders respond to organizational culture and alter their behavior/leadership styles.

Question 28

Project GLOBE is built around the assumption that leadership variables and cultural variables can be meaningfully applied at societal and organizational levels.

Question 29

The central assumption behind the GLOBE theoretical model is that similar attributes and entities across cultures are most effective in organizations.

Question 30

The humane-oriented dimensions of the GLOBE theoretical model refer to the degree to which the leader stresses support,consideration,compassion,and generosity.

Question 31

Self analysis and improvement of belief systems,mental imagery of successful performance outcomes and positive self-talk tend to serve as partial substitutes for ethical leadership.

Question 32

The GLOBE theoretical model presents summary comparisons among culture clusters to indicate which clusters are most likely to endorse or refute the importance of six CLT leadership prototype dimensions.

Question 33

Performance orientation,a cultural dimension within the GLOBE theoretical model,refers to the collective encouraging and rewarding of a group for performance improvement versus rewarding for membership.

Question 34

Self-analysis and improvement of belief systems,mental imagery of successful performance outcomes and positive self-talk can influence a team member's thoughts and positively affect performance.

Question 35

Constructive thought patterns focus on the development of reinforcement strategies for behavioral change.

Question 36

The cultural dimension "uncertainty avoidance" within the GLOBE theoretical model refers to reliance on social norms,rules,etc.,to alleviate future unpredictability.

Question 37

Cultural implicit leadership dimensions (CLT's)within the GLOBE theoretical model,are similar to the term "prototypes."

Question 38

Shared leadership is the only way to lead in business today.

Question 39

The cultural dimension of institutional collectivism refers to the rewarding of collective actions versus individual rewards.

Question 40

The six broad-based leadership dimensions of the GLOBE theoretical model are: charismatic/value based,team-oriented,participative,humane-oriented,autonomous and self-protective.

Question 41

Resistance to change is any attitude or behavior that shows unwillingness to make or support a change.

Question 42

Radical change,or transformational change,results in a major overhaul of the organization or its component systems.

Question 43

Sometimes called a normative-reeducative approach,a rational persuasion strategy tries to develop direction and support for change through involvement and empowerment.

Question 44

Through a force-coercion change strategy,a change agent acts unilaterally to "command" change through the formal authority of his or her position,to induce change via an offer of special rewards,or to bring about change via threats of punishment.

Question 45

People may believe that a change is not worth their time,effort,or attention,but they seldom reject a change for these reasons.

Question 46

Unplanned change may be disruptive,such as a wildcat strike that ends in a plant closure,or beneficial,such as an interpersonal conflict that results in a new procedure designed to smooth the flow of work between two departments.

Question 47

Most unplanned changes may be regarded as efforts intended to deal with performance gaps in ways that benefit an organization and its members.

Question 48

The education and communication approach for dealing with resistance to change is intended to educate people about a change before it is implemented and to help them understand the logic of the change.

Question 49

The GLOBE study sought only to understand the attributes of leadership universally endorsed as relating to either effective or ineffective leadership across sampled countries.

Question 50

The driving forces for change in organizations of all types and sizes can be found in the organization-environment relationship,the organizational life cycle,and the political nature of organizations.

Question 51

When considering the targets of change,it must be recognized that changes in any one target are likely to require or involve changes in the other targets.

Question 52

Resistance to the change agent is directed at the person implementing the change and often involves personality and other differences.

Question 53

In addition to the traditional challenges of management,the forces of globalization as well as the state of the current economic environment provide a number of problems and opportunities to even the most experienced organizational executives.

Question 54

An important point to remember from the GLOBE study is that there are dramatically different expectations for leaders in different cultures.

Question 55

The facilitation and support approach for dealing with resistance to change seems to work best when people are frustrated by work constraints and difficulties encountered in the change process.

Question 56

A helpful view of resistance to change is that it represents feedback that the change agent can use to facilitate achieving change objectives.

Question 57

The four leadership contexts consist of stability,crisis,dynamic equilibrium,and near the edge of chaos.

Question 58

When successful,a force-coercion change strategy results in a longer lasting,more internalized change than does a rational persuasion strategy.

Question 59

The planned change model suggests that a change effort be viewed as a process with three distinct phases: listening,doing,and evaluating.

Question 60

The success of both radical and incremental change in organizations depends in part on change agents who lead and support the change processes.

Question 61

Key similarities between transformational theories of leadership and ethical theories leadership include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)ethical decision-making.
B)integrity.
C)role modeling.
D)concern for others.
E)future-orientation.

Question 62

Key similarities between authentic theories of leadership and ethical theories leadership include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)a concern for others.
B)ethical decision making.
C)an emphasis on moral management.
D)integrity.
E)role modeling.

Question 63

According to Robert Greenleaf,all of the following statements about servant leadership are correct EXCEPT:

A)the primary purpose of business should be to create a positive impact on both its employees and community.
B)the leader is attended to basic spiritual values and in serving these,serves others such as colleagues,the organization and society.
C)servant leadership is not a special case of leadership but instead is a special kind of service.
D)servant leadership helps others discover their outer spirit.
E)servant leadership is best demonstrated by those with a vision and a desire to serve others first,rather than by those seeking leadership roles.

Question 64

Which of the following,refers to altruistic love?

A)Defining the destination and journey
B)Forgiveness,acceptance,and honesty
C)Endurance and perseverance
D)Having stretch goals
E)Reflecting high ideals

Question 65

All of the following pertain to the GLOBE theoretical model EXCEPT:

A)the study used a multiple measure approach with a strong emphasis on questionnaires built around the assumption that leadership variables and cultural variables can be meaningfully applied at societal and organizational levels.
B)the key assumption behind the model is that the attributes and entities that differentiate a specified culture predict organizational practices and leader attributes and behaviors that are most often carried out and most effective in that culture.
C)the study sample was comprised of middle managers in the telecommunication,food and banking industries.
D)the GLOBE project is headed by Robert House.
E)the GLOBE project involves countries in Asia and North America only.

Question 66

All of the following statements about shared leaderships are correct EXCEPT:

A)leadership today is not restricted simply to the vertical influence of a single individual but to other people as well.
B)the influence process often involves upward or downward hierarchical influence.
C)the influence process often involves peer or lateral influence.
D)leadership is restricted among a set of individuals who act in the role of a superior.
E)the key distinction between shared leadership and traditional models of leadership is that the influence process involves more than just downward influence on subordinates by an appointed or elective e leader.

Question 67

Which of the following statements about self-rewards is inaccurate?

A)Self-rewards can be useful in moving behaviors toward goal attainment.
B)Self-rewards can be real such as a steak dinner.
C)Imagery,such as imagining the receipt of a bonus,is a self-reward.
D)Rehearsal of desired behaviors before actual performance can prove quite useful.
E)Most people do not like to often reward themselves for their activities.

Question 68

Behavior-focused strategies include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)self observation.
B)goal setting.
C)self accomplishment.
D)reward.
E)self correcting feedback.

Question 69

__________ is often used in combination with vertical leadership.

A)Power negotiation
B)Organizational goal setting
C)Shared leadership
D)Teamwork
E)Individual leadership

Question 70

A key similarity shared by ethical,authentic,spiritual and transformational leadership is __________.

A)role modeling
B)honesty
C)inspiration
D)encouragement
E)fortitude

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a cultural dimension within the GLOBE theoretical model?

A)Assertiveness
B)Ethical proactivity
C)Future orientation
D)Gender egalitarianism
E)Power distance

Question 72

"Know thyself" is the essential argument of __________ leadership.

A)ethical
B)authentic
C)servant
D)spiritual
E)transformational

Question 73

Key similarities between authentic theories of leadership and ethical theories of leadership include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)concern for others.
B)ethical decision-making.
C)integrity.
D)honesty.
E)role modeling.

Question 74

According to the text,which of the following five characteristics have been identified across projects as elements to successful team performance?

A)Perseverance; one-way communication; competent,motivated performance; efficient,goal-directed effort; and optimism
B)Resilience; hope; one-way communication; adequate resources; and a productive,supportive climate
C)Efficient,goal-directed effort; adequate resources; competent,motivated performance; a productive,supportive climate; and a commitment to continuous improvement
D)Unplanned change; resilience; faith; adequate resource; and a pattern of attention
E)Shared leadership; resistance to change; one-way communication; unplanned change; and competent,motivated performance

Question 75

All of the following are leadership dimensions of the GLOBE theoretical model EXCEPT:

A)charismatic/value based.
B)team-oriented.
C)fortitude.
D)self-protective.
E)autonomous.

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT a core quality of a spiritual leader?

A)Vision
B)Altruistic love
C)Hope
D)Faith
E)Obedience

Question 77

Self-leadership activities are often divided into these three broad categories:

A)behavior focused,self reward and constructive thought pattern strategies.
B)cognitive,behavior and emotional strategies.
C)focus,ambiguous and unfocused strategies.
D)bottom-up,top-down and middle strategies.
E)group,individual and team strategies.

Question 78

The original GLOBE theoretical model includes all of the following aspects EXCEPT:

A)over time,founders and subsequent organizational leaders respond to organizational culture and alter their behaviors/leaderships styles.
B)leader acceptance is a function of the interaction between CLT's and leader attributes and behaviors.
C)leader strength is based on strong relationships inside and outside the groups.
D)acceptance of the leader by followers facilitates leader effectiveness.
E)leader effectiveness,over time,will increase leader acceptance.

Question 79

__________ focus on the creation or alteration of cognitive thought processes.

A)Creative solutions
B)Constructive thought patterns
C)Developmental idea concepts
D)Innovative approaches
E)Novel-mapping

Question 80

All of the following statements about spiritual leadership are correct EXCEPT:

A)spiritual leadership can be viewed as field of inquiry within the broader setting of moral leadership.
B)spiritual leadership does not yet have a strong research base in organizational behavior.
C)spiritual leadership theory is a causal leadership approach for organizational transformation designed to create an intrinsically motivated,learning organization.
D)spiritual leadership includes values,attitudes and behaviors required to intrinsically motivate self and others to have a sense of spiritual survival through calling and membership.
E)spiritual leadership intrinsically motivates the self and others to experience meaning in their lives,believe they make a difference and feel understood and appreciated.