Deck 14 (CO): The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

Blood plasma becomes tissue fluid by the process of ______________________.

Answer 1

filtration

Question 2

Lymphatic tissue is the site of ________________________ of lymphocytes.

Answer 2

activation

Question 3

Lymphocytes are activated and proliferate within _____________________________.

Answer 3

lymphatic tissue
spleen
lymph nodes

Question 4

Water in the body has several names: in capillaries it is ________________________; in between cells it is ______________________; and in lymph capillaries it is ________________.

Question 5

Tissue fluid that has entered lymph capillaries is called ________________________.

Question 6

The thoracic duct empties lymph into the _______________________ vein.

Question 7

Lymph from the lower body is first collected by the large vessel called the ________________________.

Question 8

In the larger lymph vessels of the legs,lymph is kept moving by the _____________________________.

Question 9

Lymph from the lower half and upper left quadrant of the body drains into the ______________________.

Question 10

The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the ____________________________.

Question 11

The vessel that empties lymph into the right subclavian vein is the _____________________.

Question 12

In the larger lymph vessels in the thoracic cavity,lymph is kept moving by the ________________________.

Question 13

Water within capillaries is called ______________________.

Question 14

The right lymphatic duct empties lymph into the ______________________ vein.

Question 15

Water found in the spaces between cells is called __________________________.

Question 16

Backflow of lymph in the larger lymph vessels is prevented by _______________________.

Question 17

Lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body drains into the ____________________________.

Question 18

Lymph is kept moving in the larger lymph vessels by contraction of the ___________________________ in their walls.

Question 19

The vessel that empties lymph into the left subclavian vein is the _______________________.

Question 20

Tissue fluid is made from __________________ by the process of ______________________.

Question 21

The _______________________ lymph nodes destroy pathogens in the lymph returning from the head.

Question 22

The cells in the spleen that phagocytize pathogens are ________________________,and the cells that produce antibodies are _______________________.

Question 23

The ______________________ and ____________________ are blood cells that are destroyed by the spleen.

Question 24

The fetal spleen has a function that ceases after birth; this is the production of ______________________.

Question 25

When the spleen destroys old RBCs,_________________________ is formed from the heme portion of the _________________________.

Question 26

The cervical lymph nodes are in the ____________________,and destroy pathogens in the lymph returning from the ___________________.

Question 27

In the young child,the thymus is located below the ________________________ and behind the _______________________.

Question 28

Lymph nodules destroy pathogens that have entered the body by way of _________________________.

Question 29

The adult spleen,in terms of its functions,is very similar to a(n)_________________________.

Question 30

In the fetus and young child,the organ that is most important for the development of the immune system is the ______________________________.

Question 31

In general,lymph nodules are located beneath the _________________________ of body tracts lined with _________________________.

Question 32

When the spleen destroys old RBCs,the ______________________ that is formed circulates to the ______________________ to be excreted.

Question 33

In the abdomen,the spleen is located on the _____________________ side behind the ________________________.

Question 34

The _____________________ lymph nodes destroy pathogens in the lymph returning from the arms.

Question 35

Lymph nodes and nodules contain ___________________ to phagocytize pathogens and _______________________ that produce antibodies.

Question 36

The lymphocytes that are produced by the thymus are called ________________________.

Question 37

The ______________________ lymph nodes destroy pathogens in the lymph returning from the legs.

Question 38

Lymph nodes and nodules contain macrophages to ____________________________,and plasma cells that produce ____________________________.

Question 39

In general,lymph nodes are located along ______________________________,and _______________________ flows through them.

Question 40

If the adult spleen must be removed,the organs that will compensate for its functions are the __________________________ and the _______________________.

Question 41

Examples of foreign antigens are bacteria,___________________ and ___________________.

Question 42

In innate immunity,the secondary line of defense that contains mast cells and WBCs is the _______________________________.

Question 43

In innate immunity,the nonspecific lymphocytes that use perforins to destroy foreign cells are the ________________________.

Question 44

Ingested pathogens are usually destroyed by the _____________ in the _________________.

Question 45

The cells of innate immunity that activate the lymphocytes of adaptive immunity are the _________________________ and ________________________.

Question 46

In innate immunity,the antibacterial chemical in tears and saliva is ____________________.

Question 47

Foreign antigens are those that will stimulate production of _______________________.

Question 48

The component of immunity that is specific as to antigen is _________________ immunity.

Question 49

Antigens that are found on the cells of an individual are called ______________ antigens.

Question 50

The component of immunity that creates memory is ____________________ immunity.

Question 51

In innate immunity,the mobile cells of the epidermis that pick up pathogens are _____________________________.

Question 52

The component of immunity that does not create memory is ____________________ immunity.

Question 53

The component of immunity that may become more efficient with repeated exposures is _____________________ immunity.

Question 54

In innate immunity,the body's outermost defense is an unbroken_______________________.

Question 55

As a person reaches adulthood,the thymus gland ___________________ in size.

Question 56

The cells of innate immunity that are the most important phagocytes are the ________________________ and the _______________________.

Question 57

The component of immunity that is not specific as to antigen is ___________________ immunity.

Question 58

The component of immunity that does not become more efficient with repeated exposures is _____________________ immunity.

Question 59

In innate immunity,defensins are antimicrobial chemicals produced by the cells of the ____________________________.

Question 60

The respiratory mucosa is lined with ______________________ to sweep inhaled pathogens out.

Question 61

In innate immunity,the chemical that lyses cellular antigens or labels non-cellular antigens is ______________________________.

Question 62

In adaptive immunity,cytotoxic T cells use _______________________ to destroy foreign antigens.

Question 63

In innate immunity,the function of interferon is to prevent the reproduction of ____________________ within cells.

Question 64

In innate immunity,the function of neutrophils is _______________________,and the function of basophils is to produce _______________________.

Question 65

In adaptive immunity,the _____________________ T cells contribute to the recognition of an antigen as foreign.

Question 66

The cells of innate immunity that produce histamine and leukotrienes are the ________________________ and __________________________.

Question 67

In innate immunity,two chemicals that make capillaries more permeable are _________________________ and _______________________.

Question 68

In adaptive immunity,the cells that work together to recognize foreign antigens are the ______________________ and the __________________________.

Question 69

In innate immunity,the purpose of inflammation is to destroy _____________________ and to permit ___________________________ to begin.

Question 70

In adaptive immunity,the labeling of a foreign antigen by antibodies is called _______________________.

Question 71

In innate immunity,the chemical that inhibits the reproduction of viruses within cells is _____________________________.

Question 72

In adaptive immunity,the labeling of a foreign antigen by antibodies is called _______________________,and it results in ________________________ of the antigen.

Question 73

In adaptive immunity,macrophages and helper T cells work together to __________________________.

Question 74

In innate immunity,the effect of histamine on arterioles is to cause _____________________.

Question 75

In adaptive immunity,the cells that have self antigens to be used for comparison to foreign antigens are the ___________________________.

Question 76

In adaptive immunity,the _____________________ T cells chemically destroy foreign antigens.

Question 77

In adaptive immunity,the mechanism that does not involve antibody production is _________________________________.

Question 78

Inflammation is the body's response to ______________________,and is part of ________________________ immunity.

Question 79

In innate immunity,the signs of inflammation are pain,redness,___________________,and _________________________.

Question 80

In adaptive immunity,the _____________________ T cells remember a specific foreign antigen.