Deck 14 (MC): The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

Water found in the spaces between cells is called:

A)intracellular fluid
B)plasma
C)tissue fluid
D)lymph

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Water found within capillaries is called:

A)intracellular fluid
B)plasma
C)tissue fluid
D)lymph

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of these is NOT a function of lymph nodes and nodules?

A)phagocytosis of pathogens by macrophages
B)phagocytosis of old RBCs
C)activation site of lymphocytes
D)production of antibodies by plasma cells

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The thoracic duct empties lymph into the:

A)left subclavian vein
B)superior vena cava
C)right subclavian vein
D)inferior vena cava

Question 5

Which statement is NOT true of the system of lymph vessels?

A)The larger vessels have a structure very much like that of veins,including valves.
B)Lymph is collected by dead-end lymph capillaries.
C)The thoracic duct empties lymph into the right subclavian vein.
D)The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lower body.

Question 6

Which of these is the proper sequence of names for the formation and destination of lymph?

A)plasma - tissue fluid - lymph - plasma
B)tissue fluid - plasma - lymph - plasma
C)plasma - lymph - tissue fluid - plasma
D)tissue fluid - plasma - lymph - tissue fluid

Question 7

Tissue fluid that has entered lymph capillaries is called:

A)plasma
B)intracellular fluid
C)intercellular fluid
D)lymph

Question 8

The white blood cells produced by lymph nodes and nodules are the:

A)lymphocytes
B)neutrophils
C)eosinophils
D)basophils

Question 9

The right lymphatic duct empties lymph into the:

A)left subclavian vein
B)superior vena cava
C)right subclavian vein
D)inferior vena cava

Question 10

Blood plasma becomes tissue fluid by the process of:

A)osmosis
B)filtration
C)active transport
D)diffusion

Question 11

Tissue fluid may also be called:

A)interstitial fluid
B)intercellular fluid
C)both A and B
D)neither A nor B,because these are names for water within cells

Question 12

The destination of lymph to be returned to the blood is one of the:

A)subclavian veins
B)thoracic veins
C)cisterna veins
D)jugular veins

Question 13

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all these areas of the body except the:

A)upper left quadrant
B)upper right quadrant
C)lower left quadrant
D)lower right quadrant

Question 14

The lymph in the system of lymph vessels is returned to,or becomes part of:

A)plasma
B)tissue fluid
C)intracellular fluid
D)cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

Backflow of lymph in the larger lymph vessels is prevented by:

A)the lymph pump
B)dilation
C)valves
D)the heart

Question 16

Blood is prevented from flowing into the lymphatic vessels by:

A)flaps in the subclavian veins
B)flaps in the jugular veins
C)anastomoses from the subclavian to the jugular veins
D)anastomoses from the jugular to the subclavian veins

Question 17

The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the:

A)head
B)arms
C)upper body
D)lower body

Question 18

Lymph from the lower body flows into the ___,then to the ___.

A)cisterna chyli/thoracic duct
B)inferior cisterna/thoracic duct
C)thoracic duct/cisterna chyli
D)thoracic duct/inferior cisterna

Question 19

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from this part of the body:

A)upper left quadrant
B)upper right quadrant
C)lower left quadrant
D)lower right quadrant

Question 20

Which of these is NOT a mechanism that keeps lymph moving in lymph vessels?

A)constriction of the larger lymph vessels
B)the respiratory pump for vessels in the chest cavity
C)the skeletal muscle pump for vessels in the legs
D)the cardiac muscle pump for vessels in the chest cavity

Question 21

In the abdominal cavity,the spleen is located:

A)behind the stomach
B)behind the liver
C)above the diaphragm
D)behind the sternum

Question 22

Submaxillary lymph nodes would be found near the ___,and popliteal nodes would be found at the ___.

A)jaw/knee
B)nose/foot
C)nose/knee
D)jaw/foot

Question 23

Lymph nodules (in general)are located:

A)along the pathways of lymph vessels
B)in the body tracts that open to the environment
C)along the pathways of blood vessels
D)in the dermis of the skin

Question 24

Which statement is NOT true of the adult spleen?

A)It is a site of activation of lymphocytes.
B)It produces RBCs and destroys old RBCs.
C)It is located behind the stomach.
D)It forms bilirubin from the hemoglobin of old RBCs.

Question 25

In the fetus,the organ that is important for the normal development of the immune system is the:

A)liver
B)spleen
C)thymus gland
D)lymph node

Question 26

The lymph nodes that destroy pathogens in lymph returning from the head are called:

A)cervical
B)thoracic
C)axillary
D)inguinal

Question 27

The function of lymph nodules is to destroy pathogens that:

A)enter the body through breaks in the skin
B)enter the body through natural openings such as the nose
C)are in lymph from the arms and legs
D)are in lymph from the head and neck

Question 28

Production of RBCs is a function of the spleen:

A)during fetal development
B)during infancy
C)during childhood
D)throughout life

Question 29

Lymph nodes (in general)are located:

A)in the dermis of the skin
B)along the pathways of blood vessels
C)in the body tracts that open to the environment
D)along the pathways of lymph vessels

Question 30

Which of these is NOT a function of the adult spleen?

A)destruction of damaged platelets
B)production of RBCs
C)production of antibodies by plasma cells
D)phagocytosis of pathogens by macrophages

Question 31

When the spleen destroys old RBCs,it:

A)forms bilirubin,which will be excreted by the liver
B)makes new hemoglobin
C)makes new RBCs
D)stores the iron from old hemoglobin

Question 32

Mesenteric lymph nodes would be found near the ___,and mediastinal nodes would be found near the ___.

A)intestines/heart
B)heart/lungs
C)lungs/heart
D)heart/intestines

Question 33

The tonsils are the ___ of the ___.

A)lymph nodules/pharynx
B)lymph nodes/larynx
C)lymph nodules/larynx
D)lymph nodes/pharynx

Question 34

The function of lymph nodes is to destroy pathogens in the:

A)blood coming from the extremities
B)inhaled air
C)food that has been ingested
D)lymph coming from the extremities

Question 35

The lymph nodes that destroy pathogens in lymph returning from the arms are called:

A)cervical
B)thoracic
C)axillary
D)inguinal

Question 36

The lymph nodes that destroy pathogens in lymph returning from the legs are called:

A)cervical
B)thoracic
C)axillary
D)inguinal

Question 37

Which of these organs does NOT compensate for the removal of the spleen in an adult?

A)the liver
B)the red bone marrow
C)the lymph nodes
D)the thymus gland

Question 38

The cells in the spleen that phagocytize old RBCs are:

A)macrophages
B)T cells
C)B cells
D)plasma cells

Question 39

With respect to its functions,the spleen is most similar to:

A)the liver
B)the red bone marrow
C)a lymph node
D)the yellow bone marrow

Question 40

The lymph nodules of the pharynx are called:

A)Peyer's patches
B)tonsils
C)the Circle of Nodules
D)respiratory nodules

Question 41

In innate immunity,all of these cells are phagocytic except:

A)natural killer cells
B)neutrophils
C)macrophages
D)eosinophils

Question 42

Which statement is NOT true of innate immunity and adaptive immunity?

A)Innate immune responses are triggered by damage of any kind.
B)T and B lymphocytes are specific for particular foreign antigens.
C)Macrophages are part of both components of immunity.
D)Only innate immunity creates memory.

Question 43

The cells of innate immunity that activate the lymphocytes of adaptive immunity are the:

A)macrophages and Langerhans cells
B)mast cells and neutrophils
C)basophils and eosinophils
D)eosinophils and monocytes

Question 44

Mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract help prevent the entry of pathogens because they have:

A)smooth muscle tissue
B)stratified squamous epithelial tissue
C)microvilli
D)ciliated epithelial tissue

Question 45

The lymphocytes that are produced by the thymus are called:

A)T cells
B)B cells
C)plasma cells
D)macrophages

Question 46

The lymphocytes that are not specific for a particular foreign antigen are the:

A)natural killer cells
B)helper T cells
C)memory B cells
D)plasma cells

Question 47

Which statement is NOT true of the thymus?

A)It is important for the development of normal immune responses.
B)It produces lymphocytes called T cells.
C)It is most active in the fetus and young child.
D)It is located behind the spleen.

Question 48

Which statement is NOT true of innate immunity?

A)It does not create memory for a pathogen.
B)Its antibody production is usually slow.
C)Its responses are always the same.
D)It involves inflammation.

Question 49

In innate immunity,histamine and leukotrienes are produced by:

A)Langerhans cells and eosinophils
B)eosinophils and basophils
C)basophils and mast cells
D)mast cells and Langerhans cells

Question 50

Natural killer cells are different from other lymphocytes because they:

A)produce antibodies
B)are not specific for a particular foreign antigen
C)are specific for a particular foreign antigen
D)become memory cells

Question 51

Which statement is NOT true of the defensive cells of innate immunity?

A)Macrophages are phagocytes.
B)Langerhans cells take foreign antigens to lymph nodes.
C)Basophils produce histamine as part of inflammation.
D)Mast cells activate the lymphocytes of adaptive immunity.

Question 52

A foreign antigen is an antigen that:

A)will stimulate antibody production
B)is found on a person's cells rather than in the blood
C)is found in a person's blood rather than on cells
D)is one of a person's HLA types

Question 53

The lysozyme of innate immunity is found in:

A)tears,to inhibit bacterial growth
B)saliva,to stimulate inflammation
C)gastric juice,to destroy bacteria
D)the stratum corneum,to inhibit fungi

Question 54

Which of these is NOT a foreign antigen for an individual?

A)bacteria
B)cancer cells
C)viruses
D)the HLA types present

Question 55

Which statement is NOT true of the barriers of innate immunity?

A)The gastric mucosa secretes HCl to destroy pathogens in food.
B)Defensins are produced by the cells of the epidermis.
C)The subcutaneous tissue contains mast cells and WBCs in areolar connective tissue.
D)The Langerhans cells of the epidermis destroy bacteria with chemicals called perforators.

Question 56

In innate immunity,destruction of tumor cells by secretion of perforins is a function of:

A)macrophages,which differentiate from monocytes
B)natural killer cells,a type of lymphocyte
C)Langerhans cells circulating in the blood
D)neutrophils,one of the granular WBCs

Question 57

The lymphocytes that help destroy many kinds of foreign antigens by disrupting their cell membranes are the:

A)helper T cells
B)plasma cells
C)memory B cells
D)natural killer cells

Question 58

Which statement is NOT true of adaptive immunity?

A)The second exposure to a pathogen is often more efficient than the first.
B)It involves both T and B lymphocytes.
C)Its antibody-producing cells are T cells.
D)It does create memory for a pathogen.

Question 59

All of these are barriers of innate immunity except:

A)the stratum corneum
B)serous membranes
C)mucous membranes
D)the subcutaneous tissue

Question 60

If a microorganism stimulates antibody production,it is considered to be a:

A)foreign antigen
B)potential pathogen
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 61

Which statement is true of the mechanism of antibody-mediated immunity?

A)Memory T cells remember the specific foreign antigen.
B)Antibodies are produced by helper T cells.
C)Complement fixation is activated.
D)No T cells are involved.

Question 62

The function of plasma cells is to:

A)produce antibodies
B)help recognize foreign antigens
C)produce plasma
D)guide cytotoxic T cells to their targets

Question 63

The B cells that produce antibodies are called:

A)killer B cells
B)memory B cells
C)helper B cells
D)plasma cells

Question 64

The T cells that remember a specific foreign antigen are called:

A)helper T cells
B)cytotoxic T cells
C)memory T cells
D)killer T cells

Question 65

The B cells that remember a specific foreign antigen are called:

A)killer B cells
B)memory B cells
C)helper B cells
D)plasma cells

Question 66

The mechanism of adaptive immunity that involves antibody production is called:

A)cellular immunity
B)antigen immunity
C)cell-mediated immunity
D)humoral immunity

Question 67

Which statement is NOT true of the chemicals of innate immunity?

A)Leukotrienes increase capillary permeability.
B)Histamine causes vasodilation.
C)Interferon prevents the growth of fungi within cells.
D)Complement may be a label for a non-cellular foreign antigen.

Question 68

The T cells that chemically destroy foreign antigens are called:

A)helper T cells
B)cytotoxic T cells
C)memory T cells
D)plasma T cells

Question 69

In innate immunity,the function of complement is to:

A)lyse cellular antigens
B)label non-cellular antigens
C)attract WBCs to the area
D)all of these

Question 70

In innate immunity,the chemical that blocks viral reproduction is:

A)histamine
B)complement
C)leukotrienes
D)interferon

Question 71

The labeling of a foreign antigen by antibodies is called ___,and results in ___.

A)opsonization/phagocytosis of the antigen
B)lymphokinesis/production of more antibodies
C)opsonization/production of more antibodies
D)lymphokinesis/phagocytosis of the antigen

Question 72

In innate immunity,histamine and leukotrienes do all of these except:

A)make capillaries more permeable
B)cause vasodilation
C)inhibit viral reproduction
D)permit the formation of more tissue fluid

Question 73

Interferon is produced by ___,and its function is to ___.

A)T cells/stimulate inflammation
B)B cells/stimulate antibody production
C)T cells/block viral reproduction
D)B cells/block the effects of histamine

Question 74

The function of helper T cells is to:

A)help recognize foreign antigens
B)produce antibodies
C)help remember a pathogen
D)help neutralize viruses

Question 75

The purposes of inflammation are to ___ and to ___.

A)create pain/make the person see a doctor
B)bring more RBCs to the area/supply more oxygen
C)decrease tissue fluid formation in the damaged area/prevent damage to healthy tissue
D)eliminate the cause of the damage/permit tissue repair to begin

Question 76

The cells of adaptive immunity that are involved in the recognition of foreign antigens are:

A)helper T cells and helper B cells
B)macrophages and helper B cells
C)macrophages and helper T cells
D)plasma cells and macrophages

Question 77

Which of these is NOT a sign of inflammation?

A)redness
B)swelling
C)pain
D)coolness

Question 78

The T cells that participate in the recognition of foreign antigens are called:

A)helper T cells
B)cytotoxic T cells
C)memory T cells
D)killer T cells

Question 79

The function of cytotoxic T cells is to:

A)help recognize foreign antigens
B)guide antibodies to their targets
C)remember cellular pathogens such as bacteria
D)chemically destroy foreign antigens

Question 80

The mechanism of adaptive immunity that does not involve antibody production is called:

A)antigen immunity
B)splenic immunity
C)cell-mediated immunity
D)humoral immunity