Deck 17: Carboxylic Acids,esters,and Amides

Question 1

What are the products of the acid-base reaction below?

A)
B)
C)
D)No reaction occurs.

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the IUPAC name of the compound below?

A)N,N-dimethylpropanamide
B)N,N-dimethylethylamide
C)Dimethylpropanamide
D)Dimethylaminopropanamide

Answer 2

N,N-dimethylpropanamide

Question 3

What is the structure of 4-ethyl-5-methylheptanoic acid?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Answer 3

Question 4

What is the IUPAC name of the compound below?

A)2-methyl-2-propylpropanoic acid
B)2-methyl-2-propyl-1-propanoic acid
C)2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid
D)2,2-dimethyl-1-pentoic acid
E)4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid

Question 5

Which compound is a secondary amide?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 6

Which of the following properly describes soaps?

A)Fatty acids
B)Salts of carboxylic acids that have a long hydrocarbon chain
C)Salts of carboxylic acids that have a short hydrocarbon chain
D)Carboxylic acids

Question 7

Which structure properly represents the compound sodium hexanoate?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 8

Which amide has the lowest boiling point?

A)CH₃(CH₂)₅CONH₂
B)CH₃CH₂CON(CH₂CH₃)₂
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CONHCH₂CH₃
D)All of the amides have the same boiling point.

Question 9

Carboxylic acids react with bases such as NaOH to form what type of compounds?

A)Alcohols
B)Esters
C)Carboxylate salts
D)Carboxylic amides

Question 10

What is the common name of the compound below?

A)m-bromobenzoic acid
B)3-bromoacetobenzenoic acid
C)o-bromobenzene carboxylic acid
D)3-bromo-1-acetobenzoic acid

Question 11

Which statement about the labeled carbons in the compound below is true?

A)C1 is an α carbon and C2 is a β carbon
B)C2 is an α carbon and C1 is a β carbon
C)C3 is an α carbon and C2 is a β carbon
D)C2 is an α carbon and C3 is a β carbon

Question 12

Which compound has the highest boiling point?

A)(CH₃)₂CHCH₂CHO
B)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH
C)(CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH
D)CH₃(CH₂)₆CH₃
E)All of the compounds have the same boiling point.

Question 13

What organic product is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid?

A)An ether
B)An ester
C)A ketone
D)An amide

Question 14

What is the IUPAC name of the compound below?

A)Propanamide
B)Ethylamide
C)Propanamine
D)N-propylamide

Question 15

The reaction of a carboxylic acid (RCOOH)with an alcohol (R'OH)in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ester (RCOOR')is called which of the following?

A)An addition reaction
B)A Fischer esterification
C)An acid-base reaction
D)A saponification

Question 16

Which carboxylic acid is responsible for the sting of some types of ants?

A)Formic acid (HCO₂H)
B)Hexanoic acid (CH₃(CH₂)₄COOH)
C)Acetic acid (CH₃CO₂H)
D)Propanoic acid (CH₃CH₂COOH)

Question 17

What is the structure of 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 18

Which compound is an a-hydroxy acid?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 19

Which compound can react with ammonia to produce an amide?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)More than one of the compounds above can react with ammonia to produce an amide.

Question 20

What is the IUPAC name of the compound below?

A)Heptyl propanoate
B)Hexyl propanoate
C)Propyl heptanoate
D)4-decanoate
E)Propyl hexanoate

Question 21

Which compound is the most soluble in water?

A)(CH₃)₂CHCH₂COOCH₃
B)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH
C)CH₃(CH₂)₆CH₃
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOK

Question 22

Clavulanic acid (structure shown)is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. How many chirality centers are in clavulanic acid?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 23

Which is NOT a polyamide?

A)Kevlar
B)Nylon
C)Olestra
D)N,N-dimethylpropylamide
E)More than one of the compounds is not a polyamide.

Question 24

Which is a lactone?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 25

What is the hydrolysis reaction of an ester by a base called?

A)An addition reaction
B)A Fischer esterification
C)A substitution reaction
D)A saponification

Question 26

Which statement is false?

A)Aspirin is a synthetic compound; that is,it does not occur in nature.
B)The active ingredient in aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid.
C)Salicin,found in willow bark,and salicylic acid,found in meadowsweet blossoms,have structures that are similar to aspirin.
D)Aspirin is a strong acid.

Question 27

What amide is formed when ethanoic acid (also called acetic acid)is heated with N,N-dimethylamine?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 28

Which compound is a triacylglycerol?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 29

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener,drawn below. How many chirality centers are in aspartame?

A)0
B)4
C)3
D)1
E)2

Question 30

Heating a carboxylic acid with a primary amine forms water along with what organic product?

A)A primary amide
B)A secondary amide
C)A tertiary amide
D)An ester

Question 31

What are the products of the reaction shown?

A)Hexyl cyclopentanoate + water
B)Cyclopentyl hexanoate + water
C)Pentyl cyclopentanoate + water
D)Cyclopentyl pentanoate + water

Question 32

What amide is formed when pentanoic acid is heated with ethylamine?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 33

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener,drawn below. Which of these functional groups is NOT contained in aspartame?

A)Carboxylic acid
B)Ester
C)Amide
D)Ether

Question 34

Which reagent,when reacted with dimethylamine,would produce the compound shown below?

A)
B)
C)
D)N(CH₃)₃

Question 35

What products are formed in the base hydrolysis of the ester shown below with NaOH?

A)Ethanol and acetic acid
B)Acetic acid and sodium ethoxide
C)Methanol and sodium propanoate
D)Sodium acetate and water
E)Sodium acetate and ethanol

Question 36

Which of these structures represents a soap?

A)CH₃CO₂^- K⁺
B)CH₃(CH₂)₁₄CO₂^- Na⁺
C)CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COOH
D)CH₃(CH₂)₇CO₂(CH₂)₇Na
E)More than one of the compounds is a soap.

Question 37

Which statement is NOT true?

A)Olestra has properties similar to the triacylglycerols in fats and oils.
B)All natural and synthetic fibers are polymers.
C)Fibers like wool and silk obtained from animals are proteins,and are joined together by many ester linkages.
D)Olestra has so many ester units clustered together that they are too crowded to be hydrolyzed.

Question 38

Which name is possible for a carboxylic acid?

A)1-chloropentanoic acid
B)2-pentylbutanoic acid
C)m-butylbenzoic acid
D)6,6-dimethylhexanoic acid

Question 39

What products are formed in the acid hydrolysis of the ester shown below?

A)Ethanol and acetic acid
B)Acetic acid and water
C)Propanoic acid and ethanol
D)Acetic acid and ethane
E)Ethanal and ethanol

Question 40

Clavulanic acid (structure shown)is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. Which of these functional groups is NOT contained in clavulanic acid?

A)Carboxylic acid
B)β-lactam
C)Lactone
D)Ether

Question 41

To be active,aspirin must cross a cell membrane,and to do so,it must be ionic.

Question 42

The organic compound known as aspirin,can be formed in the reaction shown below. Which choice represents the main organic product of this reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 43

The compound below is named sodium 3-hydroxy-5-propylnonanoate.

Question 44

The compound below can hydrogen bond to another molecule like itself.

Question 45

The compound shown below is a naturally occurring ester in honey. Which structure represents the carboxylic acid required for its synthesis?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 46

Aspirin relieves pain and decreases inflammation because it prevents the synthesis of prostaglandins,the compounds responsible for both of these physiological responses.

Question 47

The drug Clofibrate is used to lower blood triglycerides and cholesterol. It can be made by a Fisher esterification reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Which structure represents the alcohol required for its synthesis?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 48

Hydrolysis of amides is an important reaction because it represents the first step in the digestion of dietary protein. Which of the following compounds is formed as a result of the hydrolysis of N,N-diethylpropanamide as shown below?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 49

When soap is mixed with water,the nonpolar hydrocarbon tails dissolve the dirt on the exterior of micelles.

Question 50

At the pH of the aqueous environment in the cells,carboxylic acids exist primarily in their ionized form. Consider the structure of succinic acid,an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. Which of the following properly shows how this carboxylic acid exists in the cell?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 51

A common type of reaction for acyl compounds is substitution.

Question 52

3-hydroxybutanoic acid is an important starting material for polymer synthesis. Which of the following properly represents the structure of this compound?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 53

Hydrolysis of amides is an important reaction because it represents the first step in the digestion of dietary protein. Which of the following compounds is formed as a result of the hydrolysis of N-methylbutanamide as shown below?

A)
B)
C)
D)NH₃

Question 54

The compound below is named potassium 2-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate.

Question 55

Which choice represents the products of the acid base reaction shown below:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 56

Methylparaben is an ester used as a preservative in foods,beverages,and cosmetics. It is synthesized in the following reaction. What is the structure of methylparaben?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 57

What is the major organic product of the reaction shown below?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 58

The active ingredient in many insect repellants is the amide N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide,also known as DEET. DEET is formed by the reaction between the carboxylic acid and amine shown below. What is the structure of DEET?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 59

2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid (common name isoleucine)is an essential amino acid found in the body's proteins. Which of the following properly represents the structure of this compound?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 60

Which statement concerning carboxylic acids is incorrect?

A)The functional group of a carboxylic acid is abbreviated as COOH or CO₂H.
B)Carboxylic acids are hydrogen ion donors.
C)The presence of a carboxylic acid increases the [H₃O⁺] in an aqueous solution relative to water.
D)The reaction of a carboxylic acid with a strong base produces a water-insoluble carboxylate salt.

Question 61

Animal fats and vegetable oils are composed of triacylglycerols.

Question 62

The ester below contains a propoxy group.

Question 63

Treatment of an amide (RCONHR')with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl)forms a carboxylic acid with the structure R'COOH,and an amine salt with the structure RNH₃⁺ Cl^-.

Question 64

2-ethylheptanamide is an alternative name for N-ethylheptanamide.

Question 65

The compound below is a 1° amide.

Question 66

A lactam can be a primary amide.

Question 67

The two compounds below have approximately the same boiling point.

Question 68

The first step in the metabolism of a triacylglycerol is hydrolysis of the ester bonds to form glycerol and three fatty acids in a reaction called a simple ester hydrolysis. In the cells of the body,this reaction is catalyzed by acids.

Question 69

Penicillin acts as an antibiotic by reacting with an enzyme needed to synthesize the cell nucleus of a bacterium.

Question 70

The compound below is an example of a lactam.

Question 71

Triacylglycerols are esters formed from glycerol and three acids,each of which has a long carbon chain bonded to the carbonyl group.

Question 72

A condensation polymer is a polymer formed when monomers containing two functional groups come together with the gain of a small molecule such as water.

Question 73

Nylon is an example of a condensation polymer.

Question 74

The compound below has the molecular formula C₉H₁₁NO,contains a benzene ring,and is a 2° amide.

Question 75

When the compound below reacts with water in the presence of HCl,ethanol and acetic acid are formed.

Question 76

Polyesters are condensation polymers.

Question 77

The ester below contains a butoxy group.

Question 78

All natural and synthetic fibers are polymers.

Question 79

The two compounds below have approximately the same boiling point.

Question 80

Fischer esterification can be used to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid.