Deck 10: Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

The symbol represents which type of particle?

A)Alpha
B)Beta
C)Gamma
D)Positron

Answer 1

Alpha

Question 2

The half-life (t_1/2)of a radioactive isotope depends on which of the following?

A)The amount of the radioisotope present
B)The isotope
C)The temperature
D)The pressure
E)All of the factors listed

Answer 2

The isotope

Question 3

Which species completes the nuclear equation shown below?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Answer 3

Question 4

Which species completes the nuclear equation shown below? → + ________

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 5

Phosphorous-32 is used for organ imaging. How many neutrons are present in this radioisotope?

A)15
B)17
C)32
D)47

Question 6

To treat a thyroid tumor,a patient must be given a 150-mCi dose of iodine-131,supplied in a solution containing 32 mCi/mL. What volume of solution must be administered per dose?

A)1.0 mL
B)4.7 mL
C)4,800 mL
D)32 mL

Question 7

Which unit of radioactivity is equivalent to 3.7 × 10¹⁰ disintegrations/second?

A)1 Ci
B)1 mCi
C)1 μCi
D)1 Bq

Question 8

Which type of radiation has a negligible mass and a charge of +1?

A)Alpha particle
B)Gamma ray
C)Positron
D)Beta particle

Question 9

If the half-life of phosphorus-32 is 14.3 days,how much of a 200. mg sample of phosphorus-32 remains after 71.5 days?

A)100 mg
B)50 mg
C)12.5 mg
D)6.25 mg

Question 10

Which is the symbol for a beta particle?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 11

An alpha particle is a high-energy particle that contains ________.

A)one proton and one neutron
B)two protons and two neutrons
C)one electron
D)one proton

Question 12

Which species completes this nuclear equation shown below?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 13

Which radioisotope is used to treat leukemia and lymphomas?

A)Thallium-201
B)Xenon-133
C)Phosphorus-32
D)Iridium-192

Question 14

Which unit describes the amount of radiation absorbed by one gram of a substance?

A)Rad
B)Rem
C)Bq
D)Gray

Question 15

Which radioisotope is used to measure thyroid activity and treat thyroid disease?

A)Technetium-99m
B)Iodine-131
C)Cobalt-60
D)Carbon-11

Question 16

Which type of radiation has the largest mass?

A)An alpha particle
B)A gamma ray
C)A positron
D)A beta particle

Question 17

An isotope of Iodine that contains 78 neutrons is used for diagnosis of thyroid disease. Which choice is the correct isotope symbol for this isotope?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 18

In the term PET Scan,for what do the letters PET stand?

A)Passive Emittance Test
B)Positron Emission Tomography
C)Positive Electric Topography
D)Penetrating Emanation Thalmometry

Question 19

What is the estimated the age of an artifact that has 1/16 of the amount of carbon-14 (relative to carbon-12)compared to living organisms. (C-14 t_1/2 = 5,730 years)

A)358 years
B)5,730 years
C)17,190 years
D)22,920 years
E)28,650 years

Question 20

What does it mean if a substance is described as being radioactive?

A)The substance emits high energy particles or rays from its unstable nucleus.
B)The substance was exposed to radiation that was given off by a decaying nucleus.
C)The substance readily absorbs energy from the radiofrequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
D)The substance is extremely small and special radiomicroscopes are necessary to view it.

Question 21

How many neutrons are generated in the nuclear equation shown below?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 22

Which species completes the nuclear equation shown below?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 23

Which nuclear equation is an example of positron emission?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 24

Which amount of radioactivity is equivalent to 3.7 × 10⁵ mCi?

A)3.7 × 10³ Ci
B)3.7 × 10² μCi
C)3.7 × 10⁸ μCi
D)3.7 × 10¹⁴ μCi

Question 25

Which nuclear equation is an example of alpha decay?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 26

What is the balanced nuclear equation for the beta emission of the radioisotope strontium-90?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 27

What is the SI unit in the measurement of radioactivity?

A)Ci
B)mCi
C)μCi
D)Bq

Question 28

Which nuclear equation is an example of nuclear fission?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 29

Which quantity represents the greatest amount of radioactivity?

A)1 × 10^-3 Ci
B)1 × 10⁴ mCi
C)1 Bq
D)1 × 10^-10 μCi

Question 30

Which nuclear equation is an example of β decay?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 31

Which amount of radioactivity is equivalent to 4.1 × 10¹² disintegrations/s?

A)1.1 × 10³ Ci
B)4.1 × 10⁹ Bq
C)4.1 × 10¹² Bq
D)1.1 × 10¹⁰ μCi

Question 32

What are the number of protons,the number of neutrons,and the mass number of the radioisotope ?

A)149,102,and 251,respectively
B)102,149,and 251,respectively
C)102,251,and 353,respectively
D)149,251,and 353,respectively

Question 33

Which species completes the nuclear equation shown below?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 34

Which type of radiation has the greatest penetrating power?

A)An alpha particle
B)A gamma ray
C)A beta particle
D)All of these have the same penetrating power.

Question 35

Which species completes the nuclear equation shown below?

A)β
B)α
C)γ
D)2 γ

Question 36

Which isotope symbol for bismuth-210 is correct?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 37

What is the minimum recommended protective equipment when handling a beta particle emitter?

A)Lab coat and gloves
B)Heavy lab coat and gloves
C)Lead shielding
D)No protective equipment is recommended.

Question 38

Which nuclear equation is an example of nuclear fusion?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 39

Which quantity represents the smallest amount of radioactivity?

A)1 × 10^-3 Ci
B)1 × 10⁴ mCi
C)1 Bq
D)1 × 10¹⁰ μCi

Question 40

What types of cells are most sensitive to radiation damage?

A)The intestinal tract cells
B)Cells of reproductive organs
C)Cancer cells
D)Bone marrow cells
E)All of the cell types listed are very sensitive to radiation damage.

Question 41

Beta particles move faster than alpha particles,but they do not penetrate into tissue as far as an alpha particle.

Question 42

Mg-24 is a nonradioactive isotope of magnesium and Mg-27 is a radioactive isotope. Which of the following is a true statement concerning these two isotopes?

A)Both isotopes emit high energy particles or rays known as radiation.
B)The radioactive isotope has three more neutrons than the nonradioactive isotope.
C)The radioactive isotope has three more electrons than the nonradioactive isotope.
D)The nonradioactive isotope has three less protons than the radioactive isotope.

Question 43

A nuclear power plant utilizes the tremendous amount of energy produced by fission of the uranium-235 nucleus to heat water to steam,which powers a generator to produce electricity.

Question 44

PET scans are used to detect tumors and coronary artery disease,determine whether cancer has spread to other organs of the body,and monitor whether cancer treatment has been successful.

Question 45

Complete the following nuclear fission equation:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 46

The sum of the mass numbers and the sum of the atomic numbers must be equal on both sides of a nuclear equation.

Question 47

The initial responders to the Chernobyl nuclear disaster were exposed to 22 Sv of radiation. What is this exposure in units of rem?

A)2.2 mrem
B)2,200 rem
C)0.022 rem
D)0.22 mrem

Question 48

During gamma emission there is no change in the atomic number or mass number of a radioactive nucleus.

Question 49

X-rays,CT scans,and MRIs are techniques that utilize nuclear reactions to provide an image of an organ or extremity that is used for diagnosis of a medical condition.

Question 50

Which type of Medical Imaging utilizes radioactivity?

A)X-Rays
B)CT Scans
C)MRIs
D)PET Scans

Question 51

The emission of gamma rays frequently occurs during alpha decay and beta particle emission.

Question 52

Complete the following nuclear fission equation:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 53

When a positron is emitted from the nucleus of an atom,the nuclear mass remains the same.

Question 54

The nuclear equation shown below represents which of the following processes?

A)Alpha decay of platinum
B)Gamma emission by mercury
C)Alpha emission by mercury
D)Gamma decay of platinum

Question 55

Nuclear fusion is the splitting apart of a heavy nucleus into lighter nuclei and neutrons.

Question 56

To decrease the incidence of harmful bacteria in foods,certain fruits and vegetables are irradiated with g rays that kill any bacteria contained in them.

Question 57

The rad is the amount of radiation that also factors in its energy and potential to damage tissue.

Question 58

The fusion of two hydrogen isotopes below forms which product?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 59

Alpha emission is the decay of a nucleus by emitting an α particle,resulting in a new nucleus that has two fewer protons than the original nucleus.

Question 60

A radiation source used external to the body for therapeutic purposes must have a much shorter half-life than radioisotopes that are ingested for diagnostic purposes.

Question 61

Two problems that surround nuclear power generation are the possibility of radiation leaks and the disposal of nuclear waste.

Question 62

A microcurie of radioactivity is larger than a Becquerel of radioactivity.

Question 63

Nuclear fission reactions generate radioactive waste with long half-lives,often hundreds or even thousands of years.

Question 64

A positron is formed when a neutron is converted to a proton and an electron.

Question 65

To decrease the incidence of harmful bacteria in foods,certain fruits and vegetables are irradiated with α particles that kill any bacteria contained in them.

Question 66

Exposure to 600 rem of radiation is fatal for an entire population.

Question 67

Radioisotopes that are used for diagnosis and imaging in medicine have short half-lives so they do not linger in the body.

Question 68

Hydrogen-3 is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. When hydrogen-3 undergoes beta decay,helium-3 is formed.

Question 69

Cobalt-60 is used as an external source of radiation for cancer treatment.

Question 70

The balanced nuclear equation for the decay of radon-220 by α decay is .

Question 71

The balanced nuclear equation for the decay of radon-216 by positron emission is .

Question 72

One rem is equivalent to 100 Sv.

Question 73

The light and heat of the sun and other stars is a result of nuclear fusion.

Question 74

Generally,no detectable biological effects are noticed when the dose of radiation is less than 25 rem.

Question 75

The technique of radiocarbon dating is based on the fact that the ratio of radioactive carbon-14 to stable carbon-12 is a constant value in a living organism that is constantly taking in CO₂ and other carbon-containing nutrients from its surroundings.

Question 76

Red blood cells tagged with technetium-99m are used to find the site of a gastrointestinal bleed.

Question 77

The balanced nuclear equation for the decay of neon-31 by β decay is .

Question 78

Uranium-235 is used in nuclear weapons. This radioactive isotope contains 92 protons and 235 neutrons.

Question 79

Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion both release a great deal of energy.

Question 80

Only fusion can involve bombarding a nucleus with a neutron.