Deck 8: The Biomechanics of the Human Lower Extremity

Question 1

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments limit which type of knee motion?

A)knee hyperextension
B)forward and backward sliding of the femur on the tibia during knee flexion and extension
C)lateral knee motion
D)both knee hyperextension and forward and backward sliding of the femur on the tibia during knee flexion and extension
E)all of these answers are correct

Answer 1

both knee hyperextension and forward and backward sliding of the femur on the tibia during knee flexion and extension

Question 2

Which of the following is not true about the hip joint?

A)triaxial
B)more stable than shoulder
C)several bursae present
D)all of these answers are correct

Answer 2

all of these answers are correct

Question 3

Which of the following is not true about pelvic girdle movements?

A)position the acetabulum favorably for femoral movement
B)occur in all 3 planes
C)occur around the lumbosacral joint
D)all of these answers are correct

Answer 3

all of these answers are correct

Question 4

Which of the following is the most common of all knee injuries?

A)rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament
B)rupture of the medial collateral ligament
C)tear of the lateral meniscus
D)tear of the medial meniscus

Question 5

The hip joint is the articulation between the ________ and the ________.

A)femur; acetabulum
B)femur; spine
C)femur; tibia
D)none of these answers is correct

Question 6

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A)When the knee undergoes a significant amount of flexion,it is necessary for the femur to slide forward on the tibia in order to prevent its rolling off of the tibial plateau.
B)During extension,the femur must slide backwards on the tibia.
C)Both when the knee undergoes a significant amount of flexion,it is necessary for the femur to slide forward on the tibia in order to prevent its rolling off of the tibial plateau and during extension,the femur must slide backwards on the tibia.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 7

Which of the following causes hip abduction?

A)gluteus medius
B)gluteus minimus
C)gluteus maximus
D)both gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
E)all of these answers are correct

Question 8

Which of the following characterizes a "bow-legged" condition?

A)femoral varus and tibial valgus
B)femoral valgus and tibial varus
C)both femoral varus and tibial valgus and femoral valgus and tibial varus
D)none of these answers is correct

Question 9

Which of the following causes hip adduction?

A)adductor magnus
B)adductor longus
C)gracilis
D)both adductor magnus and adductor longus
E)all of these answers are correct

Question 10

Which of the following is not a hamstring muscle?

A)semimembranosus
B)semitendinosus
C)biceps femoris
D)gluteus maximus

Question 11

What is/are the purpose(s)of the patella?

A)increase the angle between the tendon and tibia
B)increase the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps
C)to protect the anterior aspect of the knee
D)all of these answers are correct

Question 12

Which of the following conditions must be met for rotation of the tibia relative to the femur?

A)the knee is not bearing weight
B)the knee is in flexion
C)the knee is in extension
D)both the knee is not bearing weight and the knee is in flexion
E)all of these answers are correct

Question 13

Which of the following is/are two-joint muscle(s)?

A)rectus femoris
B)sartorius
C)pectineus
D)both rectus femoris and sartorius
E)all of these answers are correct

Question 14

Which knee ligament is most likely to be damaged from a lateral blow?

A)medial collateral
B)lateral collateral
C)anterior cruciate (ACL)
D)posterior cruciate

Question 15

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A)The iliopsoas complex is the major flexor of the hip.
B)Two-joint muscles function more effectively at one joint when the position of the other joint stretches the muscle slightly.
C)Both the iliopsoas complex is the major flexor of the hip and two-joint muscles function more effectively at one joint when the position of the other joint stretches the muscle slightly.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 16

Where is the weakest point of the femur?

A)head
B)neck
C)shaft
D)greater trochanter

Question 17

Fractures in the ankle region occur most often to which of the following structures?

A)the lateral malleolus
B)the medial malleolus
C)the talus
D)none of these answers is correct

Question 18

Which of the following inserts on the patella?

A)hamstrings
B)quadriceps
C)both hamstrings and quadriceps
D)none of these answers is correct

Question 19

Which of the following is/are nonaxial joint(s)?

A)tarsometatarsal joint
B)intermetatarsal joint
C)subtalar joint
D)both tarsometatarsal joint and intermetatarsal joint
E)all of these answers are correct

Question 20

Which of the following muscles serves to "unlock" the knee from full extension?

A)plantaris
B)gracilis
C)popliteus
D)sartorius

Question 21

The three hamstring muscles are ________ ________,________,and ________.

Question 22

Choose the term that describes the muscle known as the unlocker of the knee because its action is lateral rotation of the femur with respect to the tibia.

A)popliteus
B)pronation
C)Q-angle
D)supination

Question 23

Supination of the foot combines the motions of ________,________,and ________ ________.

Question 24

Choose the term that describes the thick,strong band of tissue connecting the tensor fascia lata to the lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral tuberosity of the tibia.

A)iliotibial band
B)menisci
C)patellofemoral joint
D)pelvic girdle

Question 25

The lower extremity is well structured for its functions of weight ________ and ________.

Question 26

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is likely associated with what?

A)weakness of vastus medialis relative to vastus lateralis
B)weakness of vastus lateralis relative to vastus medialis
C)weakness of biceps femoris relative to semitendinosus
D)weakness of semitendinosus relative to biceps femoris

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true regarding ACL injuries?

A)occur more frequently in during player contact
B)occur more frequently during non-contact
C)occurrence is approximately equal between contact and non-contact
D)it is unknown whether contact or non-contact ACL injuries are more frequent

Question 28

Choose the term that describes the major ligaments that cross the medial and lateral aspects of the knee.

A)collateral ligaments
B)cruciate ligaments
C)hamstrings
D)iliopsoas

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true regarding ACL injuries?

A)occur more frequently in women than in men
B)occur more frequently in men than in women
C)occurrence is approximately equal between men and women
D)frequency between men and women is sport specific

Question 30

Choose the term that describes the condition of inward deviation in alignment from the proximal to the distal end of a body segment.

A)supination
B)tibiofemoral joint
C)valgus
D)varus

Question 31

Choose the term that describes the cartilaginous discs located between the tibial and femoral condyles.

A)iliopsoas
B)iliotibial band
C)menisci
D)patellofemoral joint

Question 32

Choose the term that describes the thick bands of fascia that cover the plantar aspect of the foot.

A)popliteus
B)pronation
C)plantar fascia
D)supination

Question 33

During walking,which of the following actions is combined to cause supination?

A)dorsiflexion,eversion,and abduction
B)dorsiflexion,inversion,and abduction
C)plantar flexion,inversion,and abduction
D)plantar flexion,inversion,and adduction

Question 34

What is the largest and most complex joint in the body?

A)hip
B)shoulder
C)knee
D)ankle

Question 35

Posterior pelvic tilt positions the acetabulum in a more favorable position for which of the following hip movements?

A)flexion
B)hyperextension
C)abduction
D)adduction

Question 36

Choose the term that describes the combined conditions of plantar flexion,inversion,and adduction.

A)supination
B)tibiofemoral joint
C)valgus
D)varus

Question 37

Symptoms of plantar fasciitis include which of the following?

A)pain in the arch
B)pain in the heel
C)pain on top of the foot
D)both pain in the arch and pain in the heel
E)all of these answers are correct

Question 38

The medial and lateral collateral ligaments limit which type of knee motion?

A)knee hyperextension
B)forward and backward sliding of the femur on the tibia during knee flexion and extension
C)lateral knee motion
D)both knee hyperextension and forward and backward sliding of the femur on the tibia during knee flexion and extension
E)all of these answers are correct

Question 39

What is the anatomical name for the big toe?

A)pollicis
B)hallux
C)digiti maximi
D)digiti minimi

Question 40

Choose the term that describes the two hip bones plus the sacrum,which can be rotated forward,backward,and laterally to optimize positioning of the hip joint.

A)plantar fascia
B)popliteus
C)pronation
D)pelvic girdle

Question 41

Excessive tightness of the iliotibial band can cause maltracking of the patella.

Question 42

Osteoarthritis can cause a spontaneous meniscal tear.

Question 43

Hamstring strains typically occur during the eccentric contraction phase of gait.

Question 44

High body mass is not associated with osteoarthritis.

Question 45

A condition of inward deviation in alignment from the proximal to the distal end of a segment is called ________.

Question 46

Hip fractures among the elderly greatly increase the risk of death.