Deck 19 (CO): Fluid–Electrolyte and Acid–Base Balance

Question 1

Water within cells is called ____________________.

Answer 1

intracellular fluid

Question 2

The specialized fluid _________________________ is the tissue fluid of the eye.

Answer 2

aqueous humor

Question 3

Water within blood vessels is called _________________________.

Answer 3

plasma

Question 4

The specialized fluid ______________________ prevents friction between the pleural membranes.

Question 5

The part of the brain that regulates the water content of the body is the _____________________.

Question 6

The second largest source of daily water intake for a person comes from __________________.

Question 7

By the process of filtration,blood plasma becomes ___________________________.

Question 8

Water within lymph vessels is called _________________________.

Question 9

The specialized fluid _________________________ prevents friction in joints.

Question 10

Blood plasma becomes tissue fluid by the process of ___________________________.

Question 11

Intracellular fluid is found _____________________,and is approximately _______________ of the total body fluid.

Question 12

Tissue fluid becomes intracellular fluid by the process of ________________________.

Question 13

By the process of osmosis,tissue fluid becomes ____________________________.

Question 14

Metabolic water is the water produced in the body during ______________________________.

Question 15

The specialized fluid _________________________ is a shock absorber for the central nervous system.

Question 16

Most of a person's daily water intake comes from __________________________.

Question 17

Approximately two-thirds of the total body fluid is found ______________________,and is called ___________________________.

Question 18

The three sources of daily water intake for the body,from greatest to least,are ___________________,____________________,and __________________________.

Question 19

The smallest source of daily water intake for a person comes from _________________________.

Question 20

Water located between cells is called ________________________________.

Question 21

Positive ions such as sodium or calcium are called _______________________.

Question 22

With respect to the kidneys,the two hormones that increase the reabsorption of water are __________________ from the _____________________ (gland)and ____________________ from the _____________________ (gland).

Question 23

An electrolyte is a substance that,in water,___________________ into its ______________ and _______________________.

Question 24

Most of the loss of body water is by way of ________________________,and secondary losses are by way of ________________________ and _________________________.

Question 25

The hormone that increases reabsorption of water by the kidneys following reabsorption of sodium ions is _______________________________.

Question 26

When there is too much water in the body,the secretion of the hormone _________________ decreases,and urinary output __________________.

Question 27

An anion is a _______________________ such as ________________________.

Question 28

Most of the loss of body water is by way of _____________________________.

Question 29

A cation is a ______________________ such as _______________________.

Question 30

The movement of water through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure is called ________________________.

Question 31

Negative ions such as chloride or sulfate are called _________________________.

Question 32

When there is too little water in the body,the secretion of the hormone ________________ increases,and urinary output ____________________.

Question 33

The hormone that directly increases water reabsorption by the kidneys is ________________.

Question 34

The movement of water through a membrane to an area of greater dissolved material is called ___________________________.

Question 35

The hormone that increases excretion of water by the kidneys following excretion of sodium ions is ______________________.

Question 36

A substance that,in water,dissociates into its positive and negative ions,is called a(n)____________________________.

Question 37

With respect to the kidneys,the two hormones that increase the reabsorption of water are ____________________________ and _______________________.

Question 38

Too little water in the body is called ___________________________,and may be caused by _____________________________ or _____________________________.

Question 39

Osmosis can be simply defined as the ________________________ of water.

Question 40

The concentration of dissolved substances in a solution is called ______________________.

Question 41

In blood plasma,the major cation is _____________________ and the major anion is ________________________.

Question 42

The electrolyte that is essential for efficient oxygen transport is ___________________.

Question 43

If the osmolarity of a solution increases,this means that the relative amount of water has _________________________.

Question 44

The electrolyte that is essential for blood clotting is ________________________.

Question 45

If the osmolarity of a solution increases,this means that the relative amount of dissolved substances has ______________________.

Question 46

The electrolytes that are part of bones and teeth are ________________________ and ___________________________.

Question 47

In tissue fluid,the major cation is ______________________ and the major anion is _________________________.

Question 48

In intracellular fluid,the major cation is ____________________ and the major anion is _______________________.

Question 49

The electrolyte that is part of DNA and RNA is ______________________.

Question 50

If the osmolarity of a solution increases,this means that the relative amount of _______________________ has decreased.

Question 51

The electrolytes that are essential for normal nerve impulse transmission are ______________________ and ______________________.

Question 52

If the osmolarity of a solution decreases,this means that the relative amount of dissolved substances has ________________________.

Question 53

The electrolyte that is part of ATP is __________________________.

Question 54

In plasma and tissue fluid,____________________ are significant organic anions.

Question 55

The osmolarity of a solution refers to the concentration of ____________________________.

Question 56

The electrolyte that is an important part of gastric juice is ____________________,because it is part of ________________________.

Question 57

The body fluids in which proteins are significant organic anions are __________________ and __________________________.

Question 58

If the osmolarity of a solution decreases,this means that the relative amount of water has ________________________.

Question 59

If the osmolarity of a solution decreases,this means that the relative amount of _____________________ has increased.

Question 60

The electrolytes that are essential for normal muscle contraction are ___________________,_________________________,and ________________________.

Question 61

The pH-regulating mechanism that works most slowly is the ___________________________.

Question 62

To compensate for metabolic alkalosis,respirations will ___________________ in order to __________________________ carbon dioxide.

Question 63

The bicarbonate buffer system will buffer a strong acid by forming a ____________________ and a(n)______________________.

Question 64

The phosphate buffer system is important for pH regulation by the __________________ (organ).

Question 65

The pH-regulating mechanism that works most rapidly is the __________________________.

Question 66

The bicarbonate buffer system will buffer a strong base by forming a(n)____________________ and _______________________.

Question 67

The respiratory system is important for pH regulation because it controls the amount of _________________________ in body fluids,which in turn affects the number of _____________ present in body fluids.

Question 68

An amino acid acts as a base in body fluids when the _____________________ group picks up a(n)_____________________________.

Question 69

An amino acid acts as an acid in body fluids when the _____________________ group gives off a ____________________________.

Question 70

To compensate for alkalosis,the kidneys will excrete more __________________ ions and retain more _____________________ ions.

Question 71

To compensate for metabolic acidosis,respirations will _____________________ in order to __________________________ carbon dioxide.

Question 72

To compensate for acidosis,the kidneys will excrete more _________________ ions and retain more _____________________ ions.

Question 73

If the kidneys are excreting fewer hydrogen ions,the pH of body fluids will probably __________________________.

Question 74

If the kidneys are excreting more hydrogen ions,the pH of body fluids will probably ________________.

Question 75

The protein buffer system is the most important buffer system in _________________________ fluid.

Question 76

Decreased respirations for the purpose of retaining more carbon dioxide is a compensation for ________________________.

Question 77

The respiratory system is important for pH regulation because it controls the amount of ___________________________ in body fluids.

Question 78

The phosphate buffer system buffers a strong acid by forming a(n)______________________ and a(n)____________________________.

Question 79

The bicarbonate buffer system is important for the regulation of pH in the body fluids _______________ and _________________________.

Question 80

Increased respirations for the purpose of exhaling more carbon dioxide is a compensation for ________________________.