Deck 19 (MC): Fluid–Electrolyte and Acid–Base Balance

Question 1

Approximately two-thirds of the total body water is found ___,and is called ___ fluid.

A)within cells/intracellular
B)around cells/extracellular
C)within cells/intercellular
D)around cells/intercellular fluid

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Osmosis takes place because water moves:

A)to an area of lower concentration of water
B)to an area of greater concentration of salts
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and to an area of lower concentration of minerals

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Intracellular fluid is:

A)water within cells
B)water in the spaces between cells
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and is also called interstitial fluid

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Water found between cells is called:

A)lymph
B)intracellular fluid
C)tissue fluid
D)plasma

Question 5

Approximately one-third of the total body water is found ___,and is called ___ fluid.

A)outside of cells/circumcellular
B)within cells/intracellular
C)outside of cells/extracellular
D)within cells/cytoplasmic

Question 6

Water found within cells is called:

A)plasma
B)intercellular fluid
C)tissue fluid
D)intracellular fluid

Question 7

For the body,the sources of water (intake)include all of these except:

A)beverages
B)foods
C)inhaled air
D)metabolic water

Question 8

Intracellular fluid makes up approximately ___ of the total body fluid,and is found ___.

A)one-fourth/within cells
B)one-third/surrounding cells
C)one-half/surrounding cells
D)two-thirds/within cells

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid is:

A)the tissue fluid of the CNS
B)a shock absorber for the CNS
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and it is made from blood plasma

Question 10

Filtration takes place because:

A)blood pressure forces plasma out of capillaries
B)water moves to an area of higher pressure
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and because water is cohesive

Question 11

Intercellular fluid is:

A)also called tissue fluid
B)found between cells
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and is found in lymph capillaries

Question 12

Tissue fluid is formed by the process of:

A)diffusion
B)osmosis
C)filtration
D)active transport

Question 13

The two processes by which body water moves from one compartment to another are:

A)active transport and osmosis
B)osmosis and filtration
C)filtration and active transport
D)osmosis and diffusion

Question 14

Which specialized body fluid is NOT paired with its correct location?

A)aqueous humor - the tissue fluid of the eye
B)serous fluid - lubricates passage of food in the intestines
C)synovial fluid - prevents friction in joints
D)cerebrospinal fluid - the tissue fluid of the CNS

Question 15

The fluid called plasma is:

A)water within arteries
B)water within veins
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and water within capillaries

Question 16

Extracellular fluid makes up approximately ___ of the total body fluid,and includes ___.

A)one-fourth/tissue fluid
B)one-third/plasma
C)one-half/the water of cytoplasm
D)two-thirds/lymph

Question 17

Serous fluid is:

A)between the pleural membranes
B)a fluid that prevents friction
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and it prevents friction in joints

Question 18

Water found in blood vessels is called:

A)plasma
B)intracellular fluid
C)lymph
D)tissue fluid

Question 19

Which sequence describes the path a drop of water might take as it moves within the body?

A)plasma to tissue fluid to lymph to plasma
B)plasma to intracellular fluid to plasma to lymph
C)plasma to lymph to tissue fluid to intracellular fluid
D)plasma to lymph to intracellular fluid to tissue fluid

Question 20

Water moves into and out of cells by the process of:

A)osmosis
B)filtration
C)facilitated diffusion
D)active transport

Question 21

The function of ADH is to:

A)increase reabsorption of water by the kidneys
B)decrease reabsorption of water by the kidneys
C)increase reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys
D)decrease reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys

Question 22

Osmoreceptors to detect changes in body water/salt proportions are found in the:

A)mouth and throat
B)medulla
C)hypothalamus
D)aortic arch

Question 23

The function of aldosterone is to:

A)increase sodium reabsorption by the kidneys
B)increase water reabsorption by the kidneys
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and increase urinary output

Question 24

Metabolic water is the water produced in the body as the result of:

A)secretion of saliva
B)secretion of gastric juice
C)breathing
D)cell respiration

Question 25

A hormone that decreases urinary output is:

A)ADH
B)aldosterone
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and ANP

Question 26

Water intake for the body,from least to greatest amounts,is:

A)metabolic water/liquids/foods
B)foods/metabolic water/liquids
C)foods/liquids/metabolic water
D)metabolic water/foods/liquids

Question 27

The hormone that increases excretion of water by the kidneys following the excretion of sodium ions is:

A)PTH
B)ANP
C)ADH
D)aldosterone

Question 28

Most of the water intake for the body comes from:

A)juicy fruits
B)meats
C)beverages
D)metabolic water

Question 29

The hormone that directly increases water reabsorption by the kidneys is:

A)PTH
B)ANP
C)ADH
D)aldosterone

Question 30

A hormone that will maintain or increase blood volume is:

A)aldosterone
B)ADH
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and ANP

Question 31

The part of the brain that regulates the water content of the body is the:

A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)medulla
D)cerebrum

Question 32

The function of ANP is to:

A)increase sodium excretion by the kidneys
B)increase water reabsorption by the kidneys
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and decrease urinary output

Question 33

The part of the brain that regulates the water content of the body is the ___,because it has ___.

A)medulla/the swallowing center
B)hypothalamus/wet receptors
C)cerebrum/awareness of thirst
D)hypothalamus/osmoreceptors

Question 34

Water loss from the body,from least to greatest amounts,is:

A)exhalation/feces/sweat/urine
B)feces/sweat/exhalation/urine
C)exhalation/feces/urine/sweat
D)feces/exhalation/sweat/urine

Question 35

The hormone that increases reabsorption of water by the kidneys following reabsorption of sodium ions is:

A)PTH
B)ANP
C)ADH
D)aldosterone

Question 36

When there is too much water in the body,secretion of ___ decreases,and urinary output ___.

A)aldosterone/decreases
B)ANP/decreases
C)ADH/increases
D)ADH/decreases

Question 37

All of these affect water loss from the body except:

A)hemorrhage
B)strenuous exercise
C)sleeping
D)diarrhea

Question 38

Most of the water lost from the body is in the form of:

A)feces
B)urine
C)sweat
D)exhaled water vapor

Question 39

A hormone that increases urinary output is:

A)aldosterone
B)ANP
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and ADH

Question 40

Too little water in the body:

A)is called dehydration,and may be caused by hemorrhage
B)may be caused by diarrhea
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and may be caused by severe burns

Question 41

The major cation in plasma is ___,and the major anion is ___.

A)sodium/bicarbonate
B)sodium/chloride
C)potassium/bicarbonate
D)potassium/chloride

Question 42

Cations are:

A)positive ions such as phosphate
B)negative ions such as potassium
C)positive ions such as magnesium
D)negative ions such as chloride

Question 43

A hormone that will decrease blood volume is:

A)ANP
B)aldosterone
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and ADH

Question 44

The body fluids in which protein anions are significant are:

A)plasma and intracellular fluid
B)intracellular fluid and tissue fluid
C)tissue fluid and plasma
D)tissue fluid and interstitial fluid

Question 45

The term osmolarity means the:

A)receptors in the medulla that detect water
B)concentration of dissolved materials in a solution
C)movement of water through a membrane to an area of less salt
D)diffusion of water

Question 46

Which statement is NOT true of ions and solutions?

A)Chloride is a cation.
B)In osmosis,water follows salt.
C)Osmosis is the diffusion of water.
D)Sulfate and phosphate are anions.

Question 47

The major cation in tissue fluid is ___,and the major anion is ___.

A)sodium/bicarbonate
B)sodium/chloride
C)potassium/bicarbonate
D)potassium/chloride

Question 48

Which statement is NOT true of hormone effects on water loss or retention?

A)ADH increases urinary output.
B)Aldosterone decreases urinary output.
C)ANP increases urinary output.
D)Aldosterone increases blood volume.

Question 49

The major cation in intracellular fluid is ___,and the major anion is ___.

A)sodium/phosphate
B)sodium/chloride
C)potassium/phosphate
D)potassium/chloride

Question 50

Anions are:

A)positive ions such as calcium
B)negative ions such as iron
C)positive ions such as sodium
D)negative ions such as chloride

Question 51

The major electrolytes in plasma are:

A)sodium,chloride,and proteins
B)sodium and potassium
C)sodium,potassium,and chloride
D)potassium,phosphate,and proteins

Question 52

The major electrolytes in intracellular fluid are:

A)sodium and chloride
B)potassium and chloride
C)phosphate,chloride,and proteins
D)potassium,phosphate,and proteins

Question 53

Anions are:

A)negative ions
B)covalently bonded atoms
C)positive ions
D)neutral ions

Question 54

Cations are:

A)covalently bonded atoms
B)positive ions
C)negative ions
D)neutral ions

Question 55

The movement of water through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure is called:

A)osmosis
B)filtration
C)diffusion
D)active transport

Question 56

The movement of water through a membrane to an area with more dissolved material is called:

A)osmosis
B)filtration
C)facilitated diffusion
D)active transport

Question 57

The concentration of dissolved materials present in a solution is called:

A)osmoreceptors
B)water balance
C)osmosis
D)osmolarity

Question 58

Positive ions such as calcium and sodium are called:

A)anions
B)cations
C)flatirons
D)antiandirons

Question 59

The major electrolytes in tissue fluid are:

A)sodium and proteins
B)sodium and chloride
C)sodium,potassium,and chloride
D)potassium,phosphate,and proteins

Question 60

Negative ions such as chloride and sulfate are called:

A)anions
B)cations
C)flatirons
D)antiandirons

Question 61

The bicarbonate buffer system will buffer a strong base by forming:

A)a weak acid and a salt
B)a weak base and a salt
C)a weak acid and water
D)a weak base and water

Question 62

The electrolyte that is part of DNA and RNA is:

A)phosphate
B)chloride
C)sulfate
D)calcium

Question 63

An amino acid acts as a base in body fluids when:

A)a carboxyl group donates a hydrogen ion
B)a carboxyl group picks up an excess hydrogen ion
C)an amine group donates a hydrogen ion
D)an amine group picks up an excess hydrogen ion

Question 64

When an amino acid's amine group picks up an excess hydrogen ion in a body fluid,it is acting as:

A)an acid
B)a base
C)both of these
D)neither of these,because there is no effect on pH

Question 65

When an amino acid's carboxyl group donates a hydrogen ion to a body fluid,it is acting as:

A)an acid
B)a base
C)both of these
D)neither of these,because there is no effect on pH

Question 66

The electrolyte that is an important part of gastric juice is:

A)phosphate
B)chloride
C)calcium
D)sulfate

Question 67

An anion that is an important part of a buffer system is:

A)bicarbonate
B)phosphate
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and sulfate

Question 68

An amino acid acts as an acid in body fluids when:

A)the carboxyl group donates a hydrogen ion
B)the amine group picks up an excess hydrogen ion
C)the amine group donates a hydrogen ion
D)the carboxyl group picks up an excess hydrogen ion

Question 69

The bicarbonate buffer system is important for the regulation of pH in which of these?
1.blood
2.tissue fluid
3.intracellular fluid

A)1 only
B)1 and 2 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)all of these

Question 70

If a cellular fluid is becoming too alkaline,an amino acid will:

A)donate a hydrogen ion from its amine group
B)pick up a hydrogen ion with its amine group
C)donate a hydrogen ion from its carboxyl group
D)pick up a hydrogen ion with its carboxyl group

Question 71

A cation that is needed for ATP production and that is abundant within cells is:

A)sodium
B)magnesium
C)calcium
D)phosphate

Question 72

The electrolytes that contribute to the normal functioning of muscle cells are:

A)sodium and potassium
B)calcium
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and iron

Question 73

The bicarbonate buffer system will buffer a strong acid by forming:

A)a weak acid and a salt
B)a weak base and a salt
C)a weak acid and water
D)a weak base and water

Question 74

The electrolyte that is essential for blood clotting is:

A)phosphate
B)iron
C)sulfate
D)calcium

Question 75

If a cellular fluid is becoming too acidic,an amino acid will:

A)donate a hydrogen ion from its amine group
B)pick up a hydrogen ion with its amine group
C)donate a hydrogen ion from its carboxyl group
D)pick up a hydrogen ion with its carboxyl group

Question 76

The electrolytes that are part of bones and teeth are:

A)calcium and phosphate
B)iron
C)A and B
D)A and B,and sulfate

Question 77

The electrolytes that contribute to the normal functions of neurons are:

A)sodium and potassium
B)iodine
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and iron

Question 78

The phosphate buffer system is important for the regulation of pH by the:

A)respiratory system
B)kidneys
C)brain
D)skeletal muscles

Question 79

When the phosphate buffer system buffers a strong acid,these molecules are formed:

A)a weak acid and a weak base
B)a weak base and a salt
C)a weak acid and a salt
D)a weak acid and water

Question 80

The protein buffer system is the most important buffer system in:

A)the blood
B)tissue fluid
C)cells
D)all of these