Deck 22 (CO): An Introduction to Microbiology and Human Disease

Question 1

Microorganisms that are on or in nearly everyone most of the time are called ________________________.

Answer 1

resident flora (normal flora)

Question 2

Resident flora are those microorganisms that are on or in ______________________ (whom?).

Answer 2

everyone
nearly everyone

Question 3

The flaking of the stratum corneum continuously removes potential pathogens from the __________________________.

Answer 3

skin surface

Question 4

Bacteria that require oxygen to reproduce are called _______________________.

Question 5

A microorganism that is usually harmless but may become pathogenic in certain circumstance is called a(n)____________________________.

Question 6

Mucus from the respiratory tract is usually swallowed,and potential pathogens are destroyed by the _________________ in the __________________.

Question 7

In women,the flora of the vagina create a(n)_________________ pH that inhibits the growth of pathogens.

Question 8

The sweeping of ciliated epithelium normally prevents pathogens from reaching the ___________________.

Question 9

Aerobic bacteria are those that ______________________________ to reproduce.

Question 10

Hydrochloric acid destroys most pathogens that get to the ______________________.

Question 11

An infection in which a person shows no symptoms is called _______________________ or ____________________________.

Question 12

A subclinical infection is one in which the person __________________________________.

Question 13

The fatty acids in _____________________ inhibit the growth of some bacteria on the skin.

Question 14

The respiratory tract limits the intake of airborne pathogens because of its _________________ epithelium.

Question 15

In women only,the acidic pH created by the normal flora of the _________________ inhibits the growth of pathogens.

Question 16

The resident flora that produce vitamins for us are found in the _______________________.

Question 17

The colon flora are beneficial to us because they produce _____________________,and they inhibit ____________________________.

Question 18

Microorganisms that live on or in us for short periods of time and do not cause harm are called ___________________________.

Question 19

Fungi are present in small numbers in the skin flora,but may multiply if the skin is constantly ______________________.

Question 20

The colon flora are beneficial to us because they produce ______________________.

Question 21

The presence of bacteria in the blood is called _____________________________.

Question 22

Anaerobic bacteria are those that cannot reproduce when _______________________________.

Question 23

Facultative anaerobic bacteria are those that can reproduce _________________________.

Question 24

A zoonosis is a disease that _______________________________.

Question 25

When a disease spreads to several countries,it is said to be ____________________________.

Question 26

A disease that typically lasts a certain period of time and is followed by recovery is called ________________________________.

Question 27

A(n)_______________________ disease is one with more than the usual number of cases in a population.

Question 28

A self-limiting disease is one that _______________________________________.

Question 29

A disease that people acquire from animals is called a(n)_________________________.

Question 30

Sources of infection for people are,in general,called ___________________________.

Question 31

Bacteria that reproduce only in the absence of oxygen are called _________________________.

Question 32

Bacteria that can reproduce in the presence or absence of oxygen are called _________________________.

Question 33

Septicemia is the presence of ___________________ in the _______________________.

Question 34

In epidemiology,to be a reservoir means to be a(n)_______________________________.

Question 35

Fomites are ____________________________ that may be sources of pathogens.

Question 36

A(n)_____________________ disease is one that is present in a population,with a certain number of cases expected.

Question 37

If a disease has become epidemic,this means that there are ________________________________.

Question 38

A disease that people acquire from animals is called a(n)_______________________,and an example is __________________________.

Question 39

Septicemia is the presence of bacteria in the ___________________.

Question 40

An infection that follows another infection that has lowered the host's resistance is called a(n)_________________________________.

Question 41

An infection that has spread throughout the body by way of the blood or lymph is called __________________________.

Question 42

Spherical bacteria that grow in clusters are called _____________________________.

Question 43

With respect to bacteria,the prefix that means "pairs" is _____________________,and the prefix that means "chains" is ______________________.

Question 44

An infection that lasts a long time or that progresses slowly is called ____________________.

Question 45

Rod-shaped bacteria are called __________________________.

Question 46

An acute infection is one that ______________________________.

Question 47

A chronic infection is one that _________________________________.

Question 48

Rod-shaped bacteria that grow in chains are called ______________________________.

Question 49

An infection such as a cold,in one area of the body,is called ________________________.

Question 50

Inanimate objects that may be sources of pathogens are called _____________________.

Question 51

With respect to bacteria,diplo means __________________,staphylo means _____________,and strepto means _______________________.

Question 52

Bacterial capsules may be used to make vaccines because the capsules are ___________________.

Question 53

If part of a bacterial cell is antigenic,that means it will stimulate ________________________ by the _______________________.

Question 54

Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs are called ____________________________.

Question 55

Spherical bacteria are called ____________________.

Question 56

Spiral bacteria are called ___________________________.

Question 57

The part of a bacterial cell that enables it to resist phagocytosis by WBCs is the ___________________________.

Question 58

An infection that begins suddenly or progresses rapidly is called _____________________.

Question 59

A coccus is shaped like a(n)__________________; a bacillus is shaped like a(n)_______________,and a spirillum is shaped like a(n)____________________.

Question 60

Spiral bacteria are called _____________________,rod-shaped bacteria are called ______________________,and spherical bacteria are called _______________________.

Question 61

A bacterial spore is a resistant form,which means that it can survive extremes of __________________________.

Question 62

A(n)_________________________ infection is one that is acquired in a hospital.

Question 63

A(n)_________________________ antibiotic is considered effective against just a few kinds of bacteria.

Question 64

The time between the entry of a pathogen and the onset of symptoms of disease is called the ______________________________.

Question 65

A nosocomial infection is one that is acquired ________________________________.

Question 66

Binary fission is the process by which bacteria ________________________.

Question 67

An infection that is caused by the patient's own flora in an abnormal site is called a(n)____________________________ infection.

Question 68

To prevent hospital-acquired infections,the staff should make _____________________ a first priority.

Question 69

Bacteria may be able to survive a freezing environment if they are able to form _______________________.

Question 70

For bacterial cells,flagella provide __________________________.

Question 71

An endogenous infection is one that is caused by the _______________________________.

Question 72

Bacterial chemicals that are harmful to the cells of the host are called ______________________.

Question 73

A bacterial spore is a dormant form,which means that the cell is ______________________.

Question 74

The Gram stain distinguishes between bacteria that are __________________________ or ___________________________,and this difference is based on the _____________________ of the bacteria.

Question 75

A(n)_______________________ antibiotic is considered effective against many kinds of bacteria.

Question 76

The way a pathogen leaves a host is called the _________________________________.

Question 77

Bacteria usually reproduce by the process of _________________________.

Question 78

The way a pathogen gets into a host is called the _______________________________.

Question 79

Bacteria that are motile usually have one or more ___________________________.

Question 80

The part of a bacterial cell that makes it gram positive or negative is the ________________________.