Deck 7: Participant Observation and Case Studies

Question 1

Which of the following refers to Weber's notion that researchers understand a group by immersing themselves in the world of the group?

A)Weber Approach
B)Verstehen Approach
C)Verstehen Maneuver
D)Weber Maneuver

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following topics have been offered as suggestions for conducting field studies of criminals?

A)Gaining access
B)Acceptance
C)Gatekeepers
D)All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following takes place when the researcher not only joins in,but actually begins to manipulate the direction of,group activity?

A)Complete participation
B)Researcher participation
C)Researcher dominance
D)None of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following refers to the basic canon of research;approach to subject matter from an unbiased,ethically neutral,or value-free perspective?

A)Objectivity
B)Impartiality
C)Fairness
D)Unbiased

Question 5

Which of the following are considered target populations of criminal justice research and have been subject to a variety of methodological analyses?

A)The public
B)Victims
C)Criminals
D)All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following as identified in the text,is of great importance in participant observation,particularly of criminals in the field?

A)protection of the identity of informants
B)many research assistants to help develop their research abilities
C)adequate funding
D)none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following refers to quantitative case studies that involve longitudinal measurement of a dependent variable on a single subject or case?

A)Single-subject designs
B)Mono-subject designs
C)Quasi-subject designs
D)Solo-subject studies SSS)

Question 8

What are the two most distinctive qualities of participant observation?

A)Demands on time and personal cost
B)High turnover rate for researchers and research staff
C)High monetary costs and budget shortfalls
D)None of the above

Question 9

Which of the following refers to the tendency of observers to over-identify with groups?

A)Going native
B)Merging
C)Assimilation
D)Integration

Question 10

Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of participant observation?

A)Very time consuming
B)Over-identification
C)Personally demanding technique
D)All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is considered an advantage of participant observation?

A)Less prejudgments
B)Less disturbing to respondents
C)More flexible
D)All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following refers to in-depth,qualitative studies of one or a few illustrative cases?

A)Depth interviews
B)Depth cases
C)Case study methods
D)Qualitative research

Question 13

Which of the following refers to a variety of strategies in which the researcher studies a group in its natural setting by observing its activities and,to varying degrees,participating in its activities?

A)Researcher observation
B)Victim observation
C)Staff observation
D)Participant observation

Question 14

Which of the following refers to the keeping of a detailed and extensive diary during field research?

A)Research documentation
B)Field notes
C)Scientific diary
D)Memoires

Question 15

Which of the following,in either instrument or the analysis,can produce inaccurate results?

A)Faulty data
B)Bias
C)Design imperfections
D)All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following refers to simple memorizing devices that are particularly useful in field studies?

A)Mnemonics
B)Prompts
C)Cues
D)Stimulates

Question 17

Which of the following refers to the use of photographs in field studies?

A)Photo criminology
B)Visual criminology
C)Photo mnemonics
D)Visual mnemonics

Question 18

Which of the following do critics of quantitative research argue that there is little relationship between?

A)Attitude and behavior
B)Approach and outlook
C)Research and data
D)Social science and criminal justice

Question 19

Which of the following refers to a form of photo interviewing in which taking photos gives people a photo voice by later discussion of particular needs or problems illustrated by these photos?

A)Photo novella
B)Photo journal
C)Photo voice
D)Photo illustrations

Question 20

Which of the following involves a system of mutual obligations?

A)Reciprocity
B)Research trade
C)Research interchange
D)Research symbiosis

Question 21

Mnemonics is a basic cannon of research.

Question 22

Major disadvantages to participant observation include which of the following?

A)Gaining acceptance
B)Maintaining objectivity
C)Facing ethical dilemmas
D)All of the above

Question 23

Photo criminology refers to the use of photographs in field studies.

Question 24

Reflexive photography involves giving respondents cameras and asking them to take pictures that are then explored in subsequent interviews.

Question 25

A practice that has been deemed of only nominal importance by most researchers is that of keeping of extensive and detailed field notes or diaries.

Question 26

A principal advantage of participant observation is its very time-consuming nature.

Question 27

Reciprocity involves a system of mutual obligations.

Question 28

Complete participation takes place when the researcher not only joins in,but actually begins to manipulate the direction of,group activity.

Question 29

Memory stimulation refers to simple memorizing devices that are particularly useful in field studies.

Question 30

The Weber Approach was Weber's notion that researchers understand a group by immersing themselves in the world of the group.

Question 31

Participant observation refers to a variety of strategies in which the researcher studies a group in its natural setting by observing its activities and,to varying degrees,participating in its activities.

Question 32

Photo novella is another form of photo interviewing in which taking photos gives people a photo voice by later discussion of particular needs or problems illustrated by these photos.

Question 33

The types of researcher observation include complete participation,participant as observer,observer as participant,and complete observation.

Question 34

Case study methods are in-depth,qualitative studies of one or a few illustrative cases.

Question 35

According to most criminal justice researchers,an introduction to a gatekeeper,leader,or person who is willing to accept the purpose of the study and vouch for the researcher's presence is of only nominal importance.

Question 36

Some researchers feel that social science and criminal justice research have been over-dependent on the artificial elements of questionnaires,interviews,and experimental settings.

Question 37

Critics of quantitative research suggest that little relationship exists between attitude and behavior and that more "sensitizing" strategies involving field studies contain greater accuracy.

Question 38

Going native is the tendency of observers to under-identify with groups.

Question 39

Design imperfections,in either the instrument or the analysis,can produce inaccurate results.

Question 40

Life histories and oral histories are some methodologies employed in case studies.

Question 41

__________ are in-depth,qualitative studies of one or a few illustrative cases.

Question 42

__________ represents a commitment to a sensitizing or verstehen strategy in which the researcher attempts to actually experience the life conditions of the study group.

Question 43

__________ is the use of photographs in field studies.

Question 44

The types of __________ include complete participation,participant as observer,observer as participant,and complete observation.

Question 45

__________ is the basic cannon of research;approach to subject matter from an unbiased,ethically neutral,or value-free perspective

Question 46

Identify and discuss the primary arguments that have been presented against quantitative studies such as surveys and experiments in criminal justice.

Question 47

__________ are quantitative case studies that involve longitudinal measurement of a dependent variable on a single subject or case.

Question 48

Identify and discuss methods in which participant observers may validate research findings.

Question 49

__________ involves giving respondents cameras and asking them to take pictures that are then explored in subsequent interviews.

Question 50

__________ are another form of photo interviewing in which taking photos gives people a photo voice by later discussion of particular needs or problems illustrated by these photos.

Question 51

__________ refers to a variety of strategies in which the researcher studies a group in its natural setting by observing its activities and,to varying degrees,participating in its activities.

Question 52

__________ involves a system of mutual obligations.

Question 53

Critics of experiments and surveys point to a myriad of shortcomings,including artificiality,assumption of a connection between attitude and behavior,and the tendency of the findings to be a result of the method used rather than real findings.

Question 54

Identify and discuss the tips for "breaking into prison" and other criminal justice organizations as provided by Trulson,Marqart,and Mullings.

Question 55

One important practice that is essential in field studies is the keeping of extensive and detailed __________ or diaries.

Question 56

__________ are sometimes raised by this technique,particularly if uncaught criminals are the subject of study.

Question 57

__________ are simple memorizing devices that are particularly useful in field studies.

Question 58

Identify and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of participant observation.

Question 59

The __________ was Weber's notion that researchers understand a group by immersing themselves in the world of the group.

Question 60

__________ is the tendency of observers to over-identify with groups.

Question 61

Identify and discuss the guidance provided to participant observers studying criminals in their natural environment.