Deck 12: Volcanoes

Question 1

Which of the following volcanoes is a composite volcano (stratovolcano)?

A)Mauna Loa,Hawaii
B)Shiprock,New Mexico
C)Mount Rainier,Washington
D)Yellowstone,Wyoming

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What volcano represents a major hazard to the cities of Seattle and Tacoma in Washington state?

A)Mount Rainier
B)Mount St.Helens
C)Mount Shasta
D)Yellowstone

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The geologic rock record shows that there have been at least ____ major volcanic explosions in the southwest United States in the last 2 million years.

A)two
B)four
C)six
D)eight

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following volcanic flows moves the most rapidly?

A)basaltic lava flows
B)lahars
C)pyroclastic flows
D)rhyolitic lava flows

Question 5

Roughly ______ people live in areas adjacent to active volcanoes.

A)100,000
B)10 million
C)600 million
D)2 billion

Question 6

What type of rock makes up the Columbia Plateau of Oregon and Washington?

A)cinder cones
B)flood basalts
C)composite volcanoes
D)pyroclastic flows

Question 7

What determines the slope of a cinder cone?

A)the extent of regional faulting
B)the maximum angle at which cinders remain stable
C)the maximum slope of the underlying bedrock topography
D)the viscosity of the lava

Question 8

Solidified fragments of volcanic material ejected into the air are called

A)phenocrysts.
B)pillow basalts.
C)pyroclasts.
D)vesicles.

Question 9

What type of volcano consists of both lava flows and pyroclastic deposits?

A)a cinder cone
B)a shield volcano
C)a stratovolcano
D)a volcanic dome

Question 10

Which of the following statements about lava is true?

A)The viscosity of a lava increases as the silica content decreases.
B)High temperature lavas are less viscous than low-temperature lavas.
C)The more gas a lava contains,the less violent the eruption.
D)All of the statements above are true.

Question 11

What is the eruption temperature of basaltic lava?

A)400°C to 600°C
B)600°C to 800°C
C)800°C to 1000°C
D)1000°C to 1200°C

Question 12

What is molten rock beneath Earth's surface called?

A)granite
B)lava
C)lithosphere
D)magma

Question 13

What type of volcanic flows likely formed the volcano depicted in the cross section below?

A)andesite flows
B)basalt flows
C)rhyolite flows
D)volcanic mudflows

Question 14

How much pyroclastic debris was erupted from Yellowstone caldera 630,000 years ago?

A)approximately1 cubic kilometer
B)approximately 10 cubic kilometers
C)approximately 100 cubic kilometers
D)approximately 1000 cubic kilometers

Question 15

Yellowstone,in Wyoming,is an example of a

A)caldera.
B)cinder cone.
C)composite volcano.
D)shield volcano.

Question 16

Which of the following volcanic deposits is most likely to form from a mafic lava?

A)flood basalt
B)pahoehoe
C)shield volcano
D)all of the above

Question 17

What type of volcano has the largest and most violent eruptions?

A)cinder cones
B)resurgent calderas
C)fissure eruptions
D)shield volcanoes

Question 18

Which of the following rocks is formed from volcanic ash?

A)aa
B)breccia
C)pahoehoe
D)tuff

Question 19

Which of the following lavas will flow downhill slowest?

A)andesite
B)basalt
C)rhyolite
D)Andesite,basalt,and rhyolite lavas all flow at approximately the same speed.

Question 20

What is the name for a basaltic lava flow that has a ropy,folded surface?

A)aa
B)breccia
C)pahoehoe
D)tuff

Question 21

What types of lavas are erupted at convergent plate boundaries?

A)andesites
B)basalts
C)rhyolites
D)all of the above

Question 22

Where are aseismic ridges located?

A)convergent plate boundaries
B)transform plate boundaries
C)divergent plate boundaries
D)intraplate regions

Question 23

Small vents on volcanoes that emit gas fumes and steam are called

A)calderas.
B)fumaroles.
C)lahars.
D)vesicles.

Question 24

The Cascade volcanoes are associated with a

A)convergent plate margin.
B)transform plate margin.
C)divergent plate margin.
D)hot spot.

Question 25

Metal-rich minerals precipitate out of hydrothermal vents at mid-ocean ridge crests.These minerals form ores of all of the following metals,except

A)copper.
B)gold.
C)iron.
D)zinc.

Question 26

What types of lavas are erupted at mid-ocean ridges?

A)andesites
B)basalts
C)rhyolites
D)all of the above

Question 27

Approximately how much basaltic lava is erupted each year at mid-ocean ridges?

A)3 cubic kilometers
B)300 cubic kilometers
C)30 cubic kilometers
D)3000 cubic kilometers

Question 28

Almost all of the 25,000 people killed in the 1985 eruption of Nevada del Ruiz in Columbia were killed by

A)a very thick volcanic ash fall.
B)a large mudflow of volcanic debris.
C)a fast-moving lava flow.
D)collapse of a volcanic caldera.

Question 29

Shiprock,New Mexico,is an example of a

A)caldera.
B)cinder cone.
C)diatreme.
D)lava flow.

Question 30

Which of the following gases is the main constituent of volcanic gas?

A)carbon dioxide
B)nitrogen
C)sulfur dioxide
D)water vapor

Question 31

The eruption of vast quantities of superheated steam is called a

A)fissure eruption.
B)lava flow.
C)phreatic explosion.
D)resurgent caldera.

Question 32

Which of the following volcanic gases emitted during the 1992 eruption of Mount Pinatubo increased the rate of ozone loss in the atmosphere?

A)carbon dioxide
B)chlorine
C)sulfur dioxide
D)water vapor

Question 33

What type of volcanic gases form aerosols in the upper atmosphere that can cause global cooling?

A)carbon dioxide
B)nitrogen
C)sulfur dioxide
D)water vapor

Question 34

Huge mudflows made up of wet volcanic debris are called

A)calderas.
B)diatremes.
C)lahars.
D)tuffs.

Question 35

How hot are so-called "black smoker" hydrothermal vents present on the mid-ocean ridge crests?

A)150°C
B)350°C
C)750°C
D)1500°C

Question 36

What type of volcanic deposit may contain diamonds,such as the diamond mines of Kimberly,South Africa?

A)cinder cones
B)diatremes
C)pahoehoe flows
D)pillow lavas

Question 37

Which of the following statements about the May 18,1980,climactic eruption of Mount St.Helens is false?

A)Earthquakes began to occur underneath the volcano 6 years before the eruption.
B)Volcanic ash was erupted up to 25 kilometers into the atmosphere.
C)Approximately 60 people were killed by the eruption.
D)The eruption was immediately preceded by a large earthquake and landslide.

Question 38

What percentage of Earth's active volcanoes occurs at divergent plate boundaries?

A)approximately 15%
B)approximately 80%
C)approximately 50%
D)approximately 95%

Question 39

Most of the world's active volcanoes are located around the edge of which ocean?

A)the Arctic Ocean
B)the Atlantic Ocean
C)the Indian Ocean
D)the Pacific Ocean

Question 40

In which of the following tectonic settings do most of Earth's active volcanoes occur?

A)convergent plate boundaries
B)transform plate boundaries
C)divergent plate boundaries
D)intraplate settings

Question 41

A torrential mudflow of wet volcanic debris is called a(n)

A)ash flow tuff.
B)landslide.
C)lahar.
D)eruption cloud.

Question 42

Which of the following states has the most active volcanoes?

A)Alaska
B)Florida
C)New York
D)Texas

Question 43

One hypothesis proposes that large igneous provinces form at hot spots by mantle plumes that originate at what boundary within Earth?

A)crust-mantle boundary
B)mantle-outer core boundary
C)lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary
D)outer core-inner core boundary

Question 44

Large igneous provinces (LIPs)produce

A)large volumes of felsic extrusive rock.
B)large volumes of volcanic tuffs and breccias.
C)large volumes of mafic and intermediate extrusive rock.
D)large volumes of mafic extrusive and intrusive rocks.

Question 45

An extremely vesicular volcanic rock of rhyolite composition is called

A)obsidian.
B)pumice.
C)tuff.
D)phreatic.

Question 46

Over the past 2000 years,which of the following volcanic hazards has caused the most fatalities?

A)ash falls
B)lava flows
C)mud flows
D)pyroclastic flows

Question 47

Which of the following rocks is formed when large fragments of pyroclastics are welded together?

A)aa
B)volcanic breccia
C)pahoehoe
D)volcanic tuff

Question 48

Approximately how many active volcanoes are there on Earth?

A)50
B)500
C)5000
D)50,000

Question 49

The volcanism at spreading centers occurs as a result of ________ melting.

A)fluid-induced
B)decompression
C)convection
D)conduction

Question 50

How can volcanic eruptions endanger commercial air traffic?

A)Airplanes can get struck by large volcanic bombs.
B)Volcanic ash lofted into the air can damage engines.
C)Large plumes of volcanic gas can cause an airplane to lose lift.
D)Clouds of volcanic ash can reduce visibility.

Question 51

Volcanic rocks derived from the Yellowstone hot spot get progressively older to the southwest.Based on this information,in which direction is the North American plate moving?

A)northeast
B)northwest
C)southeast
D)southwest

Question 52

Magma generated in Earth's interior rises because it is ______ than the surrounding rocks.

A)denser
B)lower in viscosity
C)less dense
D)more volatile

Question 53

How fast is the North American plate moving?

A)25 mm/yr
B)75 mm/yr
C)200 mm/yr
D)500 mm/yr

Question 54

Basaltic lava that cools under water forms distinct _________ features.

A)pillow lava
B)pahoehoe
C)vesicular
D)aa

Question 55

An eruption of lava that pours out of vertical cracks along the flank of a volcano is referred to as a

A)central eruption.
B)phreatic eruption.
C)lateral eruption.
D)fissure eruption.

Question 56

Which of the following is least likely to signal an impending volcanic eruption?

A)earthquakes
B)gas emissions
C)tsunamis
D)swelling of the volcano

Question 57

One of the world's largest suppliers of natural steam is _________ located north of San Francisco.

A)The Geysers
B)Old Faithful
C)Mount Shasta
D)Mount St.Helens

Question 58

Eruptions of rhyolite lava tend to be more explosive than basaltic and andesitic lavas because

A)rhyolite lavas are less viscous.
B)rhyolite lavas form larger volcanoes.
C)rhyolite lavas contain more gases.
D)rhyolite lavas are more dense.

Question 59

Volcanoes can provide __________,which can be used as a natural resource.

A)pumice
B)geothermal energy
C)ammonia
D)pumice,geothermal energy,and ammonia

Question 60

Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park is an example of a

A)geyser.
B)central crater.
C)fissure vent.
D)fumarole.

Question 61

What percentage of the energy flowing out of the earth goes into creating new lithosphere?

A)10 percent
B)30 percent
C)50 percent
D)80 percent

Question 62

Approximately what fraction of magma that is generated in the mantle makes it to the surface?

A)0% to 5%
B)10% to 30%
C)40% to 80%
D)80% to 100%

Question 63

The Hawaiian term pahoehoe is use to describe?

A)a certain look for a lava flow
B)the shape of volcanoes
C)a particular type of shield volcano
D)pillow basalt

Question 64

Aseismic ridges are most likely generated by volcanism at

A)spreading centers.
B)island arcs.
C)subduction zones.
D)hot spots.

Question 65

Roughly what volume of the ocean has been recycled through the world mid-ocean rift systems in the last 5 million years?

A)5 percent
B)25 percent
C)50 percent
D)100 percent

Question 66

Diatremes are a type of

A)caldera.
B)volcano.
C)volcanic neck material.
D)lava flow.

Question 67

Kimperlite pipes contain material that may have come from mantle as deep as

A)100 km.
B)200 km.
C)1000 km.
D)3000 km.

Question 68

Find the correct match between magma type and volcano type.

A)felsic/dome
B)mafic/dome
C)intermediate/shield volcano
D)felsic/cinder cone

Question 69

Many of the gases emitted by volcanoes can affect climate greatly and be harmful to humans.Which of the following is least harmful?

A)carbon dioxide
B)nitrogen
C)sulfur dioxide
D)water vapor

Question 70

What are some of the highest speeds that lavas have been observed flowing?

A)100 m/sec
B)100 km/sec
C)100 km/hour
D)100 m/hour

Question 71

The Laki eruption of 1783 in Iceland is considered the ______ in recorded history.

A)earliest
B)first fissure eruption
C)largest outpouring of lava
D)deadliest

Question 72

What sort of volcano was formed during the Laki eruption in Iceland in 1783?

A)stratovolcano
B)under-water volcano
C)fissure
D)shield volcano

Question 73

Which of the following eruptions would be classified a phreatic eruption?

A)Mount St.Helens (USA)1980
B)Laki (Iceland)1783
C)Krakatau (Indonesia)1883
D)Kilauea (Hawaii)1992

Question 74

Which of the following volcanoes is most likely to contain pillow lava?

A)dome
B)cinder cone
C)stratovolcano
D)mid-oceanic rifts

Question 75

Between 70 percent and 95 percent of volcanic gas consists of

A)carbon dioxide.
B)nitrogen.
C)sulfur dioxide.
D)water vapor.

Question 76

Find the correct volcano/volcanic product match.

A)dome/basalt
B)shield volcano/rhyolite
C)fissure/basalt
D)shield volcano/andesite

Question 77

How long does it take to recycle the entire volume of the ocean through the mid-ocean ridges?

A)10 days
B)10 years
C)10 million years
D)10 billion years

Question 78

Which of the following volcanic features or textures suggest that significant amounts of water were present during an eruption?

A)vesicles
B)phenocrysts
C)lava ropes
D)pillows

Question 79

During volcanic eruptions pieces of the country rock wall can be broken off and brought up in the eruption.Which deposit is most like to contain such fragments?

A)lava flows
B)breccia
C)scoria
D)tuff

Question 80

Of the energy released from Earth's interior,roughly how much is consumed forming new lithosphere at the spreading centers?

A)none of it
B)less than half
C)approximately two-thirds
D)all of it